Merge branch 'master' into email-regex-fix

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<!-- Prefix the title above with 'Misc:' -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/operation-request.md

@@ -7,8 +7,14 @@ assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
-## Summary
+**Is your operation request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. E.g. I'm always frustrated when [...]
 
-### Example Input
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of the new operation you would like.
 
-### Example Output
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Example input and output**
+Provide an example input to the operation, along with the output that you would expect.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# See the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://docs.github.com/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  #
+  # Check for minor/patch versions only on a weekly basis - we are likely to be able to
+  # merge these routinely. Major versions we'll check for and update manually.
+  #
+  - package-ecosystem: 'npm'
+    directory: '/'
+    versioning-strategy: increase
+    schedule:
+      interval: 'weekly'
+      day: 'friday'
+      time: '03:00'
+      timezone: Europe/London
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: 'chore (deps): '
+    ignore:
+      # we'll do any major version updates manually
+      - dependency-name: '*'
+        update-types: ['version-update:semver-major']
+      # packages we can't currently update
+      # see issue #2214 for rationale for each of these
+      - dependency-name: '@xmldom/xmldom'
+        versions: [ '>=0.9.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'bcryptjs'
+        versions: [ '>=3.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'bootstrap'
+        versions: [ '>=5.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'bson'
+        versions: [ '>=5.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'cbor'
+        versions: [ '>=10.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'cspell'
+        versions: [ '>=9.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'eslint'
+        versions: [ '>=10.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'eslint-plugin-jsdoc'
+        versions: [ '>=51.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'fernet'
+        versions: [ '>=0.4.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'geodesy'
+        versions: [ '>=2.0.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'otpauth'
+        versions: [ '>=9.4.0' ]
+      - dependency-name: 'webpack-dev-server'
+        versions: [ '>=5.1.0' ]
+    groups:
+      #
+      # Grouping so we don't get a seperate PR for every patch version.
+      #
+      patch-updates:
+        applies-to: version-updates
+        patterns:
+          - '*'
+        update-types:
+          - 'patch'
+
+  # Can't enable this until we are using Node 24 as the latest actions all require this version
+  # - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+  #   # Workflow files stored in the default location of `.github/workflows`; no need to
+  #   # specify `/.github/workflows` for `directory`
+  #   directory: '/'
+  #   schedule:
+  #     interval: 'weekly'
+  #     day: 'friday'
+  #     time: '03:00'
+  #     timezone: Europe/London
+  #   commit-message:
+  #     prefix: 'chore (deps): '

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+**Description**
+Provide a description of the pull request and the changes that it makes.
+
+**Existing Issue**
+If this pull request relates to an existing issue in the repository, please link it here.
+
+**Screenshots**
+If the pull request changes any visual aspects of CyberChef, please include screenshots.
+
+**AI disclosure**
+If you have used any AI tools while creating this code, **you must declare your usage along with the name of the tools that you used**.
+Regardless of AI tool usage, you are responsible for any code that you submit, and we expect you to have checked the code and have enough of an understanding of it to answer any questions we might have.
+
+**Test Coverage**
+Please ensure you have added test coverage for your changes.

README.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Cryptographic operations in CyberChef should not be relied upon to provide secur
 
 **Prerequisites**
 
-- [Docker](hhttps://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/)
+- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/)
   - Docker Desktop must be open and running on your machine
 
 

package.json

@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@
     "@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.28.6",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-import-assertions": "^7.28.6",
     "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.29.0",
-    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.29.0",
+    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.29.2",
-    "@babel/runtime": "^7.28.6",
+    "@babel/runtime": "^7.29.2",
-    "@codemirror/commands": "^6.10.2",
+    "@codemirror/commands": "^6.10.3",
-    "@codemirror/language": "^6.12.1",
+    "@codemirror/language": "^6.12.3",
     "@codemirror/search": "^6.6.0",
     "@codemirror/state": "^6.5.4",
-    "@codemirror/view": "^6.39.15",
+    "@codemirror/view": "^6.41.0",
-    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.24",
+    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.27",
-    "babel-loader": "^10.0.0",
+    "babel-loader": "^10.1.1",
     "base64-loader": "^1.0.0",
-    "chromedriver": "^130.0.4",
+    "chromedriver": "^146.0.6",
     "cli-progress": "^3.12.0",
     "colors": "^1.4.0",
     "compression-webpack-plugin": "^11.1.0",
     "copy-webpack-plugin": "^13.0.1",
-    "core-js": "^3.48.0",
+    "core-js": "^3.49.0",
     "cspell": "^8.19.4",
     "css-loader": "7.1.4",
-    "eslint": "^9.39.3",
+    "eslint": "^9.39.4",
     "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "^50.8.0",
     "globals": "^15.15.0",
     "grunt": "^1.6.1",
@@ -76,29 +76,30 @@
     "grunt-zip": "^1.0.0",
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.6.6",
     "imports-loader": "^5.0.0",
-    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "2.10.0",
+    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "2.10.2",
     "modify-source-webpack-plugin": "^4.1.0",
     "nightwatch": "^3.15.0",
-    "postcss": "^8.5.6",
+    "postcss": "^8.5.8",
     "postcss-css-variables": "^0.19.0",
     "postcss-import": "^16.1.1",
     "postcss-loader": "^8.2.1",
     "prompt": "^1.3.0",
-    "sitemap": "^8.0.2",
+    "sitemap": "^8.0.3",
-    "terser": "^5.46.0",
+    "terser": "^5.46.1",
-    "webpack": "^5.105.2",
+    "webpack": "^5.105.4",
     "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^4.10.2",
     "webpack-dev-server": "5.0.4",
     "webpack-node-externals": "^3.0.0",
     "worker-loader": "^3.0.8"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@alexaltea/capstone-js": "^3.0.5",
     "@astronautlabs/amf": "^0.0.6",
     "@blu3r4y/lzma": "^2.3.3",
     "@wavesenterprise/crypto-gost-js": "^2.1.0-RC1",
-    "@xmldom/xmldom": "^0.8.11",
+    "@xmldom/xmldom": "^0.8.12",
     "argon2-browser": "^1.18.0",
-    "arrive": "^2.5.2",
+    "arrive": "^2.5.3",
     "assert": "^2.1.0",
     "avsc": "^5.7.9",
     "bcryptjs": "^2.4.3",
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@
     "d3": "7.9.0",
     "d3-hexbin": "^0.2.2",
     "diff": "^5.2.2",
-    "dompurify": "^3.3.1",
+    "dompurify": "^3.3.3",
     "es6-promisify": "^7.0.0",
     "escodegen": "^2.1.0",
     "esprima": "^4.0.1",
@@ -130,34 +131,34 @@
     "file-saver": "^2.0.5",
     "flat": "^6.0.1",
     "geodesy": "1.1.3",
-    "handlebars": "^4.7.8",
+    "handlebars": "^4.7.9",
     "hash-wasm": "^4.12.0",
     "highlight.js": "^11.11.1",
     "ieee754": "^1.2.1",
     "jimp": "^1.6.0",
-    "jq-web": "^0.6.2",
+    "jq-web": "^0.5.1",
     "jquery": "3.7.1",
     "js-sha3": "^0.9.3",
     "jsesc": "^3.1.0",
     "json5": "^2.2.3",
     "jsonata": "^2.1.0",
     "jsonpath-plus": "^10.4.0",
-    "jsonwebtoken": "9.0.0",
+    "jsonwebtoken": "9.0.3",
     "jsqr": "^1.4.0",
     "jsrsasign": "^11.1.1",
     "kbpgp": "^2.1.17",
     "libbzip2-wasm": "0.0.4",
     "libyara-wasm": "^1.2.1",
-    "lodash": "^4.17.23",
+    "lodash": "^4.18.1",
     "loglevel": "^1.9.2",
     "loglevel-message-prefix": "^3.0.0",
     "lz-string": "^1.5.0",
     "lz4js": "^0.2.0",
     "markdown-it": "^14.1.1",
     "moment": "^2.30.1",
-    "moment-timezone": "^0.6.0",
+    "moment-timezone": "^0.6.1",
     "ngeohash": "^0.6.3",
-    "node-forge": "^1.3.3",
+    "node-forge": "^1.4.0",
     "node-md6": "^0.1.0",
     "nodom": "^2.4.0",
     "notepack.io": "^3.0.1",
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@
     "snackbarjs": "^1.1.0",
     "sortablejs": "^1.15.7",
     "split.js": "^1.6.5",
-    "sql-formatter": "^15.6.5",
+    "sql-formatter": "^15.7.3",
     "ssdeep.js": "0.0.3",
     "stream-browserify": "^3.0.0",
     "tesseract.js": "^6.0.1",

src/core/Chef.mjs

@@ -55,8 +55,15 @@ class Chef {
             progress = await recipe.execute(this.dish, progress);
         } catch (err) {
             log.error(err);
+
+            let displayStr;
+            if ("displayStr" in err) {
+                displayStr = err.displayStr;
+            } else {
+                displayStr = err.toString();
+            }
             error = {
-                displayStr: err.displayStr,
+                displayStr: displayStr,
             };
             progress = err.progress;
         }

src/core/Ingredient.mjs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import Utils from "./Utils.mjs";
 import { fromHex } from "./lib/Hex.mjs";
+import OperationError from "./errors/OperationError.mjs";
 
 /**
  * The arguments to operations.
@@ -119,7 +120,9 @@ class Ingredient {
                 number = parseFloat(data);
                 if (isNaN(number)) {
                     const sample = Utils.truncate(data.toString(), 10);
-                    throw "Invalid ingredient value. Not a number: " + sample;
+                    throw new OperationError(
+                        "Invalid ingredient value. Not a number: " + sample,
+                    );
                 }
                 return number;
             default:

src/core/Operation.mjs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import Dish from "./Dish.mjs";
+import OperationError from "./errors/OperationError.mjs";
 import Ingredient from "./Ingredient.mjs";
 
 /**
@@ -223,7 +224,11 @@ class Operation {
      */
     set ingValues(ingValues) {
         ingValues.forEach((val, i) => {
+            try {
                 this._ingList[i].value = val;
+            } catch (err) {
+                throw new OperationError(`Failed to set value of ingredient '${this._ingList[i].name}': ${err}`);
+            }
         });
     }
 

src/core/Recipe.mjs

@@ -70,11 +70,15 @@ class Recipe  {
             if (o instanceof Operation) {
                 return o;
             } else {
+                try {
                     const op = new modules[o.module][o.name]();
                     op.ingValues = o.ingValues;
                     op.breakpoint = o.breakpoint;
                     op.disabled = o.disabled;
                     return op;
+                } catch (err) {
+                    throw new Error(`Failed to hydrate operation '${o.name}': ${err}`);
+                }
             }
         });
     }

src/core/config/Categories.json

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
             "From Base",
             "To BCD",
             "From BCD",
+            "Text-Integer Conversion",
             "To HTML Entity",
             "From HTML Entity",
             "URL Encode",
@@ -109,6 +110,8 @@
             "Rabbit",
             "SM4 Encrypt",
             "SM4 Decrypt",
+            "RC6 Encrypt",
+            "RC6 Decrypt",
             "GOST Encrypt",
             "GOST Decrypt",
             "GOST Sign",
@@ -164,7 +167,10 @@
             "Typex",
             "Lorenz",
             "Colossus",
-            "SIGABA"
+            "SIGABA",
+            "Flask Session Decode",
+            "Flask Session Sign",
+            "Flask Session Verify"
         ]
     },
     {
@@ -243,6 +249,7 @@
             "DNS over HTTPS",
             "Strip HTTP headers",
             "Dechunk HTTP response",
+            "Parse Ethernet frame",
             "Parse User Agent",
             "Parse IP range",
             "Parse IPv6 address",
@@ -379,6 +386,7 @@
             "CSS selector",
             "Extract EXIF",
             "Extract ID3",
+            "Extract Audio Metadata",
             "Extract Files",
             "RAKE",
             "Template"
@@ -508,7 +516,8 @@
             "View Bit Plane",
             "Randomize Colour Palette",
             "Extract LSB",
-            "ELF Info"
+            "ELF Info",
+            "Extract Audio Metadata"
         ]
     },
     {
@@ -541,7 +550,8 @@
             "Hex Density chart",
             "Scatter chart",
             "Series chart",
-            "Heatmap chart"
+            "Heatmap chart",
+            "Extract Audio Metadata"
         ]
     },
     {
@@ -553,6 +563,7 @@
             "Chi Square",
             "P-list Viewer",
             "Disassemble x86",
+            "Disassemble ARM",
             "Pseudo-Random Number Generator",
             "Pseudo-Random Integer Generator",
             "Generate De Bruijn Sequence",

src/core/lib/AudioBytes.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Byte-reading and text-decoding utilities for audio metadata parsing.
+ *
+ * @author d0s1nt [d0s1nt@cyberchefaudio]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/** @returns {string} 4-byte ASCII at offset, or "" if out of bounds. */
+export function ascii4(b, off) {
+    if (off + 4 > b.length) return "";
+    return String.fromCharCode(b[off], b[off + 1], b[off + 2], b[off + 3]);
+}
+
+/** @returns {number} Byte offset of ASCII needle `s`, or -1. */
+export function indexOfAscii(b, s, start, end) {
+    const limit = Math.max(0, Math.min(end, b.length) - s.length);
+    for (let i = start; i <= limit; i++) {
+        let ok = true;
+        for (let j = 0; j < s.length; j++) {
+            if (b[i + j] !== s.charCodeAt(j)) {
+                ok = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ok) return i;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/** @returns {number} Unsigned 32-bit big-endian read. */
+export function u32be(bytes, off) {
+    return ((bytes[off] << 24) >>> 0) | (bytes[off + 1] << 16) | (bytes[off + 2] << 8) | bytes[off + 3];
+}
+
+/** @returns {number} Unsigned 32-bit little-endian read. */
+export function u32le(bytes, off) {
+    return (bytes[off] | (bytes[off + 1] << 8) | (bytes[off + 2] << 16) | (bytes[off + 3] << 24)) >>> 0;
+}
+
+/** @returns {number} Unsigned 16-bit little-endian read. */
+export function u16le(bytes, off) {
+    return bytes[off] | (bytes[off + 1] << 8);
+}
+
+/** @returns {BigInt} Unsigned 64-bit little-endian read. */
+export function u64le(bytes, off) {
+    return BigInt(u32le(bytes, off)) | (BigInt(u32le(bytes, off + 4)) << 32n);
+}
+
+/** @returns {number} Decoded ID3v2 synchsafe integer from four 7-bit bytes. */
+export function synchsafeToInt(b0, b1, b2, b3) {
+    return ((b0 & 0x7f) << 21) | ((b1 & 0x7f) << 14) | ((b2 & 0x7f) << 7) | (b3 & 0x7f);
+}
+
+/** @returns {string} Decoded UTF-16LE byte range, nulls stripped. */
+export function decodeUtf16LE(b, off, len) {
+    if (len <= 0 || off + len > b.length) return "";
+    try {
+        return new TextDecoder("utf-16le").decode(b.slice(off, off + len)).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+    } catch {
+        return "";
+    }
+}
+
+/** @returns {{valueBytes: Uint8Array, next: number}} Bytes until null terminator, UTF-16 aware. */
+export function readNullTerminated(bytes, start, encoding) {
+    const isUtf16 = encoding === 1 || encoding === 2;
+    if (!isUtf16) {
+        let i = start;
+        while (i < bytes.length && bytes[i] !== 0x00) i++;
+        return { valueBytes: bytes.slice(start, i), next: i + 1 };
+    }
+    let i = start;
+    while (i + 1 < bytes.length && !(bytes[i] === 0x00 && bytes[i + 1] === 0x00)) i += 2;
+    return { valueBytes: bytes.slice(start, i), next: i + 2 };
+}
+
+const ID3_ENCODINGS = ["iso-8859-1", "utf-16", "utf-16be", "utf-8"];
+
+/** @returns {string} Text decoded using ID3v2 encoding byte (0=latin1, 1=utf16, 2=utf16be, 3=utf8). */
+export function decodeText(bytes, encoding) {
+    if (!bytes || bytes.length === 0) return "";
+    try {
+        return new TextDecoder(ID3_ENCODINGS[encoding] || "utf-16").decode(bytes);
+    } catch {
+        return safeUtf8(bytes);
+    }
+}
+
+/** @returns {string} UTF-8 decode with replacement (never throws). */
+export function safeUtf8(bytes) {
+    try {
+        return new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: false }).decode(bytes);
+    } catch {
+        return "";
+    }
+}
+
+/** @returns {string} ISO-8859-1 decode, nulls stripped, trimmed. */
+export function decodeLatin1Trim(bytes) {
+    return decodeText(bytes, 0).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+}

src/core/lib/AudioMetaSchema.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * Report skeleton and container detection for audio metadata extraction.
+ *
+ * @author d0s1nt [d0s1nt@cyberchefaudio]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/* eslint-disable camelcase */
+
+import { ascii4, indexOfAscii } from "./AudioBytes.mjs";
+
+/** Builds the empty report skeleton ready for a format parser to populate. */
+export function makeEmptyReport(filename, byteLength, container) {
+    return {
+        schema_version: "audio-meta-1.0",
+        artifact: {
+            filename,
+            byte_length: byteLength,
+            container: { type: container.type, brand: container.brand || null, mime: container.mime || null },
+        },
+        detections: { metadata_systems: [], provenance_systems: [] },
+        tags: {
+            common: {
+                title: null, artist: null, album: null, date: null, track: null,
+                genre: null, comment: null, composer: null, copyright: null, language: null,
+            },
+            raw: {},
+        },
+        embedded: [],
+        provenance: {
+            c2pa: {
+                present: false,
+                embedding: [],
+                manifest_store: { active_manifest_urn: null, instance_id: null, claim_generator: null },
+                assertions: [],
+                signature: {
+                    algorithm: null, signing_time: null,
+                    certificate: { subject_cn: null, issuer_cn: null, serial_number: null },
+                },
+                validation: { validation_state: "Unknown", reasons: [], details_raw: null },
+            },
+        },
+        errors: [],
+    };
+}
+
+/** Detects the audio container format from magic bytes. */
+export function sniffContainer(b) {
+    if (b.length >= 3 && b[0] === 0x49 && b[1] === 0x44 && b[2] === 0x33)
+        return { type: "mp3", mime: "audio/mpeg" };
+    if (b.length >= 2 && b[0] === 0xff && (b[1] & 0xe0) === 0xe0) {
+        if ((b[1] & 0x06) === 0x00) return { type: "aac", mime: "audio/aac" };
+        return { type: "mp3", mime: "audio/mpeg" };
+    }
+    if (b.length >= 8 && b[0] === 0x0b && b[1] === 0x77)
+        return { type: "ac3", mime: "audio/ac3" };
+    if (b.length >= 16 &&
+        b[0] === 0x30 && b[1] === 0x26 && b[2] === 0xb2 && b[3] === 0x75 &&
+        b[4] === 0x8e && b[5] === 0x66 && b[6] === 0xcf && b[7] === 0x11)
+        return { type: "wma", mime: "audio/x-ms-wma" };
+    if (b.length >= 12 && ascii4(b, 0) === "RIFF" && ascii4(b, 8) === "WAVE")
+        return { type: "wav", mime: "audio/wav" };
+    if (b.length >= 12 && ascii4(b, 0) === "BW64" && ascii4(b, 8) === "WAVE")
+        return { type: "bw64", mime: "audio/wav" };
+    if (b.length >= 4 && ascii4(b, 0) === "fLaC")
+        return { type: "flac", mime: "audio/flac" };
+    if (b.length >= 4 && ascii4(b, 0) === "OggS") {
+        const idx = indexOfAscii(b, "OpusHead", 0, Math.min(b.length, 65536));
+        return idx >= 0 ? { type: "opus", mime: "audio/ogg" } : { type: "ogg", mime: "audio/ogg" };
+    }
+    if (b.length >= 12 && ascii4(b, 4) === "ftyp") {
+        const brand = ascii4(b, 8);
+        const isM4A = brand === "M4A " || brand === "M4B " || brand === "M4P ";
+        return { type: isM4A ? "m4a" : "mp4", mime: isM4A ? "audio/mp4" : "video/mp4", brand };
+    }
+    if (b.length >= 12 && ascii4(b, 0) === "FORM") {
+        const formType = ascii4(b, 8);
+        if (formType === "AIFF" || formType === "AIFC") return { type: "aiff", mime: "audio/aiff", brand: formType };
+    }
+    return { type: "unknown", mime: null };
+}

src/core/lib/AudioParsers.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,630 @@
+/**
+ * Format-specific audio metadata parsers.
+ *
+ * @author d0s1nt [d0s1nt@cyberchefaudio]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/* eslint-disable camelcase */
+
+import {
+    ascii4, indexOfAscii,
+    u32be, u32le, u16le, u64le, synchsafeToInt,
+    decodeUtf16LE, readNullTerminated, decodeText,
+    safeUtf8, decodeLatin1Trim,
+} from "./AudioBytes.mjs";
+
+/** Parses MP3 metadata: ID3v2 frames, ID3v1 footer, APEv2 tags. */
+export function parseMp3(b, report) {
+    processId3v2(b, report);
+    processId3v1(b, report);
+
+    const ape = parseApeV2BestEffort(b);
+    if (ape) {
+        report.detections.metadata_systems.push("apev2");
+        report.tags.raw.apev2 = ape;
+    }
+}
+
+/** Iterates ID3v2 frames and populates the report. */
+function processId3v2(b, report) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("id3v2");
+
+    const id3 = parseId3v2(b);
+    report.tags.raw.id3v2 = id3 ? { header: id3.header, frames: [] } : null;
+
+    if (id3) {
+        for (const f of id3.frames) {
+            const entry = { id: f.id, size: f.size, description: ID3_FRAME_DESCRIPTIONS[f.id] || null };
+
+            if (f.id[0] === "T" && f.id !== "TXXX") {
+                const text = f.data?.length >= 1 ?
+                    decodeText(f.data.slice(1), f.data[0]).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim() :
+                    "";
+                entry.decoded = text;
+                if (f.id === "TLEN") {
+                    const ms = normalizeTlen(text);
+                    if (ms !== null) entry.normalized_ms = ms;
+                }
+                mapCommonId3(report, f.id, text);
+            } else if (f.id === "TXXX") {
+                const txxx = decodeTxxx(f.data);
+                entry.decoded = txxx;
+                if (!report.tags.raw.id3v2.txxx) report.tags.raw.id3v2.txxx = [];
+                report.tags.raw.id3v2.txxx.push(txxx);
+            } else if (f.id === "COMM") {
+                const comm = decodeCommFrame(f.data);
+                entry.decoded = comm;
+                if (comm?.text && !report.tags.common.comment) report.tags.common.comment = comm.text;
+            } else if (f.id === "GEOB") {
+                processGeobFrame(f, entry, report);
+            }
+
+            report.tags.raw.id3v2.frames.push(entry);
+        }
+    } else {
+        report.detections.metadata_systems = report.detections.metadata_systems.filter((x) => x !== "id3v2");
+    }
+}
+
+/** Parses GEOB frame contents, populates entry, embedded objects, and C2PA provenance. */
+function processGeobFrame(f, entry, report) {
+    const d = f.data, enc = d[0];
+    let off = 1;
+    const mime = readNullTerminated(d, off, 0);
+    const mimeType = decodeLatin1Trim(mime.valueBytes);
+    off = mime.next;
+    const file = readNullTerminated(d, off, enc);
+    const filename = decodeText(file.valueBytes, enc).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+    off = file.next;
+    const desc = readNullTerminated(d, off, enc);
+    const description = decodeText(desc.valueBytes, enc).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+    off = desc.next;
+    const objLen = d.length - off;
+
+    entry.geob = { mimeType, filename, description, object_bytes: objLen };
+    const geobId = `geob_${report.embedded.filter((x) => x.source === "id3v2:GEOB").length}`;
+    report.embedded.push({
+        id: geobId, source: "id3v2:GEOB",
+        content_type: mimeType || null, byte_length: objLen,
+        description: description || null, filename: filename || null,
+    });
+
+    const mt = (mimeType || "").toLowerCase();
+    if (mt.includes("c2pa") || mt.includes("jumbf") || mt.includes("application/x-c2pa-manifest-store")) {
+        report.provenance.c2pa.present = true;
+        report.provenance.c2pa.embedding.push({
+            carrier: "id3v2:GEOB", content_type: mimeType || null, byte_length: objLen,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+/** Processes the 128-byte ID3v1 footer tag. */
+function processId3v1(b, report) {
+    const id3v1 = parseId3v1(b);
+    if (!id3v1) return;
+
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("id3v1");
+    report.tags.raw.id3v1 = id3v1;
+    mapCommon(report, id3v1, ID3V1_TO_COMMON);
+}
+
+/** Parses WAV/BWF/BW64 RIFF chunks: LIST/INFO, bext, iXML, axml, ds64. */
+export function parseRiffWave(b, report, maxTextBytes) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("riff_info");
+
+    const chunks = enumerateChunks(b, 12, b.length, 50000);
+    const riff = { chunks: [], info: null, bext: null, ixml: null, axml: null, ds64: null };
+
+    const info = {};
+    for (const c of chunks) {
+        riff.chunks.push({ id: c.id, size: c.size, offset: c.dataOff });
+        processRiffChunk(b, c, riff, info, report, maxTextBytes);
+    }
+
+    riff.info = Object.keys(info).length ? info : null;
+    report.tags.raw.riff = riff;
+    if (riff.info) mapCommon(report, riff.info, RIFF_TO_COMMON);
+}
+
+/** Processes a single RIFF chunk, updating riff state and the report. */
+function processRiffChunk(b, c, riff, info, report, maxTextBytes) {
+    if (c.id === "ds64") {
+        riff.ds64 = { present: true, size: c.size };
+        if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("bw64_ds64")) report.detections.metadata_systems.push("bw64_ds64");
+        if (report.artifact.container.type === "wav") report.artifact.container.type = "bw64";
+    }
+
+    if (c.id === "LIST" && ascii4(b, c.dataOff) === "INFO") {
+        for (const s of enumerateChunks(b, c.dataOff + 4, c.dataOff + c.size, 10000))
+            info[s.id] = decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(s.dataOff, s.dataOff + s.size));
+    }
+
+    if (c.id === "bext") {
+        if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("bwf_bext")) report.detections.metadata_systems.push("bwf_bext");
+        riff.bext = parseBext(b, c.dataOff, c.size);
+    }
+
+    if (c.id === "iXML" || c.id === "axml") {
+        const key = c.id === "iXML" ? "ixml" : "axml";
+        if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes(key)) report.detections.metadata_systems.push(key);
+        const payload = b.slice(c.dataOff, c.dataOff + c.size);
+        riff[key] = { xml: safeUtf8(payload.slice(0, Math.min(payload.length, maxTextBytes))), truncated: payload.length > maxTextBytes };
+        report.embedded.push({
+            id: `${key}_0`, source: `riff:${c.id}`, content_type: "application/xml",
+            byte_length: payload.length, description: `${c.id} chunk`, filename: null,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+/** Parses FLAC metablocks: STREAMINFO, Vorbis Comment, PICTURE. */
+export function parseFlac(b, report, maxTextBytes) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("flac_metablocks");
+
+    const blocks = parseFlacMetaBlocks(b);
+    report.tags.raw.flac = { blocks: [] };
+
+    for (const blk of blocks) {
+        report.tags.raw.flac.blocks.push({ type: blk.typeName, length: blk.length });
+
+        if (blk.typeName === "VORBIS_COMMENT") {
+            if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("vorbis_comments")) report.detections.metadata_systems.push("vorbis_comments");
+            const vc = parseVorbisComment(blk.data);
+            report.tags.raw.vorbis_comments = vc;
+            mapVorbisCommon(report, vc);
+        } else if (blk.typeName === "PICTURE") {
+            const pic = parseFlacPicture(blk.data, maxTextBytes);
+            report.embedded.push({
+                id: `cover_art_${report.embedded.filter((x) => x.id.startsWith("cover_art_")).length}`,
+                source: "flac:PICTURE", content_type: pic.mime || null,
+                byte_length: pic.dataLength, description: pic.description || null, filename: null,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/** Parses OGG/Opus Vorbis comments. */
+export function parseOgg(b, report) {
+    if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("ogg_opus_tags")) report.detections.metadata_systems.push("ogg_opus_tags");
+
+    const scanEnd = Math.min(b.length, 1024 * 1024);
+    let tags = null;
+    const opusTagsIdx = indexOfAscii(b, "OpusTags", 0, scanEnd);
+    if (opusTagsIdx >= 0) {
+        report.artifact.container.type = "opus";
+        tags = parseVorbisComment(b.slice(opusTagsIdx + 8, scanEnd));
+    } else {
+        const vorbisIdx = indexOfAscii(b, "\x03vorbis", 0, scanEnd);
+        if (vorbisIdx >= 0) tags = parseVorbisComment(b.slice(vorbisIdx + 7, scanEnd));
+    }
+
+    report.tags.raw.ogg = { has_opustags: opusTagsIdx >= 0, has_vorbis_comment: !!tags };
+
+    if (tags) {
+        if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("vorbis_comments")) report.detections.metadata_systems.push("vorbis_comments");
+        report.tags.raw.vorbis_comments = tags;
+        mapVorbisCommon(report, tags);
+    }
+}
+
+/** Best-effort top-level atom scan for MP4/M4A. */
+export function parseMp4BestEffort(b, report) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("mp4_atoms");
+    const atoms = [];
+
+    let off = 0;
+    while (off + 8 <= b.length && atoms.length < 2000) {
+        const size = u32be(b, off);
+        const type = ascii4(b, off + 4);
+        if (size < 8) break;
+        atoms.push({ type, size, offset: off });
+        off += size;
+    }
+
+    report.tags.raw.mp4 = {
+        top_level_atoms: atoms.slice(0, 200),
+        hints: {
+            hasMoov: atoms.some((a) => a.type === "moov"),
+            hasUdta: atoms.some((a) => a.type === "udta"),
+            hasMeta: atoms.some((a) => a.type === "meta"),
+            hasIlst: atoms.some((a) => a.type === "ilst"),
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+/** Best-effort AIFF/AIFC chunk scanning for NAME, AUTH, ANNO. */
+export function parseAiffBestEffort(b, report, maxTextBytes) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("aiff_chunks");
+    let off = 12;
+    const chunks = [];
+    while (off + 8 <= b.length && chunks.length < 2000) {
+        const id = ascii4(b, off);
+        const size = u32be(b, off + 4);
+        const dataOff = off + 8;
+        chunks.push({ id, size, offset: off });
+
+        if (["NAME", "AUTH", "ANNO", "(c) "].includes(id)) {
+            const txt = safeUtf8(b.slice(dataOff, dataOff + Math.min(size, maxTextBytes)));
+            if (!report.tags.raw.aiff) report.tags.raw.aiff = { chunks: [] };
+            report.tags.raw.aiff.chunks.push({ id, value: txt, truncated: size > maxTextBytes });
+        }
+
+        off = dataOff + size + (size % 2);
+    }
+
+    if (!report.tags.raw.aiff) report.tags.raw.aiff = {};
+    report.tags.raw.aiff.chunk_index = chunks.slice(0, 500);
+
+    const nameChunk = report.tags.raw.aiff?.chunks?.find((ch) => ch.id === "NAME")?.value;
+    if (nameChunk) report.tags.common.title = report.tags.common.title || nameChunk;
+}
+
+const AAC_SAMPLE_RATES = [96000, 88200, 64000, 48000, 44100, 32000, 24000, 22050, 16000, 12000, 11025, 8000, 7350];
+const AAC_PROFILES = ["Main", "LC", "SSR", "LTP"];
+const AAC_CHANNELS = ["defined in AOT", "mono", "stereo", "3.0", "4.0", "5.0", "5.1", "7.1"];
+
+/** Parses AAC ADTS frame header for audio parameters. */
+export function parseAacAdts(b, report) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("adts_header");
+    if (b.length < 7) return;
+
+    const id = (b[1] >> 3) & 0x01;
+    const profile = (b[2] >> 6) & 0x03;
+    const freqIdx = (b[2] >> 2) & 0x0f;
+    const chanCfg = ((b[2] & 0x01) << 2) | ((b[3] >> 6) & 0x03);
+
+    report.tags.raw.aac = {
+        mpeg_version: id === 1 ? "MPEG-2" : "MPEG-4",
+        profile: AAC_PROFILES[profile] || `Profile ${profile}`,
+        sample_rate: AAC_SAMPLE_RATES[freqIdx] || null,
+        sample_rate_index: freqIdx,
+        channel_configuration: chanCfg,
+        channel_description: AAC_CHANNELS[chanCfg] || null,
+    };
+}
+
+const AC3_SAMPLE_RATES = [48000, 44100, 32000];
+const AC3_BITRATES = [32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320, 384, 448, 512, 576, 640];
+const AC3_ACMODES = [
+    "2.0 (Ch1+Ch2)", "1.0 (C)", "2.0 (L R)", "3.0 (L C R)",
+    "2.1 (L R S)", "3.1 (L C R S)", "2.2 (L R SL SR)", "3.2 (L C R SL SR)",
+];
+
+/** Parses AC3 (Dolby Digital) bitstream info. */
+export function parseAc3(b, report) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("ac3_bsi");
+    if (b.length < 8) return;
+
+    const fscod = (b[4] >> 6) & 0x03;
+    const frmsizecod = b[4] & 0x3f;
+    const bsid = (b[5] >> 3) & 0x1f;
+    const bsmod = b[5] & 0x07;
+    const acmod = (b[6] >> 5) & 0x07;
+
+    report.tags.raw.ac3 = {
+        sample_rate: AC3_SAMPLE_RATES[fscod] || null,
+        fscod,
+        bitrate_kbps: AC3_BITRATES[frmsizecod >> 1] || null,
+        frmsizecod, bsid, bsmod, acmod,
+        channel_layout: AC3_ACMODES[acmod] || null,
+    };
+}
+
+/** Parses WMA files (ASF container) for content description metadata. */
+export function parseWmaAsf(b, report) {
+    report.detections.metadata_systems.push("asf_header");
+    if (b.length < 30) return;
+
+    const headerSize = Number(u64le(b, 16));
+    const numObjects = u32le(b, 24);
+    const headerEnd = Math.min(b.length, headerSize);
+
+    const objects = [];
+    let off = 30;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < numObjects && off + 24 <= headerEnd; i++) {
+        const guid4 = [b[off], b[off + 1], b[off + 2], b[off + 3]];
+        const objSize = Number(u64le(b, off + 16));
+        if (objSize < 24 || off + objSize > headerEnd) break;
+
+        const dataOff = off + 24;
+        const dataLen = objSize - 24;
+
+        if (guid4[0] === 0x33 && guid4[1] === 0x26 && guid4[2] === 0xb2 && guid4[3] === 0x75 && dataLen >= 10) {
+            const cd = parseAsfContentDescription(b, dataOff);
+            if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("asf_content_desc"))
+                report.detections.metadata_systems.push("asf_content_desc");
+            if (!report.tags.raw.asf) report.tags.raw.asf = {};
+            report.tags.raw.asf.content_description = cd;
+            mapCommon(report, cd, ASF_CD_TO_COMMON);
+        }
+
+        if (guid4[0] === 0x40 && guid4[1] === 0xa4 && guid4[2] === 0xd0 && guid4[3] === 0xd2 && dataLen >= 2) {
+            const ext = parseAsfExtContentDescription(b, dataOff, dataOff + dataLen);
+            if (!report.detections.metadata_systems.includes("asf_ext_content_desc"))
+                report.detections.metadata_systems.push("asf_ext_content_desc");
+            if (!report.tags.raw.asf) report.tags.raw.asf = {};
+            report.tags.raw.asf.extended_content = ext;
+
+            const c = report.tags.common;
+            for (const d of ext) {
+                const field = WMA_TO_COMMON[(d.name || "").toUpperCase()];
+                if (field && d.value) c[field] = c[field] || d.value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        objects.push({ guid_prefix: guid4.map(x => x.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join(""), size: objSize });
+        off += objSize;
+    }
+
+    if (!report.tags.raw.asf) report.tags.raw.asf = {};
+    report.tags.raw.asf.header_objects = objects;
+}
+
+const ID3_FRAME_DESCRIPTIONS = {
+    TIT2: "Title/songname/content description", TPE1: "Lead performer(s)/Soloist(s)",
+    TRCK: "Track number/Position in set", TALB: "Album/Movie/Show title",
+    TDRC: "Recording time", TYER: "Year", TCON: "Content type",
+    TPE2: "Band/orchestra/accompaniment", TLEN: "Length (ms)", TCOM: "Composer",
+    COMM: "Comments", APIC: "Attached picture", GEOB: "General encapsulated object",
+    TXXX: "User defined text information frame", UFID: "Unique file identifier", PRIV: "Private frame",
+};
+
+const ID3_TO_COMMON = {
+    TIT2: "title", TPE1: "artist", TALB: "album", TDRC: "date", TYER: "date",
+    TRCK: "track", TCON: "genre", COMM: "comment", TCOM: "composer", TCOP: "copyright", TLAN: "language",
+};
+const VORBIS_TO_COMMON = {
+    TITLE: "title", ARTIST: "artist", ALBUM: "album", DATE: "date",
+    TRACKNUMBER: "track", GENRE: "genre", COMMENT: "comment", COMPOSER: "composer", LANGUAGE: "language",
+};
+const WMA_TO_COMMON = {
+    "WM/ALBUMTITLE": "album", "WM/GENRE": "genre", "WM/YEAR": "date",
+    "WM/TRACKNUMBER": "track", "WM/COMPOSER": "composer", "WM/LANGUAGE": "language",
+};
+const ID3V1_TO_COMMON = { title: "title", artist: "artist", album: "album", year: "date", comment: "comment", genre: "genre", track: "track" };
+const RIFF_TO_COMMON = { INAM: "title", IART: "artist", ICMT: "comment", IGNR: "genre", ICRD: "date", ICOP: "copyright" };
+const ASF_CD_TO_COMMON = { title: "title", author: "artist", copyright: "copyright", description: "comment" };
+
+/** Maps source object fields to the common tags layer via a mapping table. */
+function mapCommon(report, source, mapping) {
+    const c = report.tags.common;
+    for (const [sk, ck] of Object.entries(mapping))
+        c[ck] = c[ck] || source[sk] || null;
+}
+
+/** Maps an ID3v2 frame value to the common tags layer. */
+function mapCommonId3(report, frameId, text) {
+    const field = ID3_TO_COMMON[frameId];
+    if (field) report.tags.common[field] = report.tags.common[field] || text || null;
+}
+
+/** Decodes an ID3v2 COMM (Comments) frame. */
+function decodeCommFrame(data) {
+    if (!data || data.length < 5) return null;
+    const enc = data[0];
+    const language = String.fromCharCode(data[1], data[2], data[3]);
+    const { valueBytes: descBytes, next } = readNullTerminated(data, 4, enc);
+    const short_description = decodeText(descBytes, enc).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim() || null;
+    const text = decodeText(data.slice(next), enc).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim() || null;
+    return { language, short_description, text };
+}
+
+/** Normalizes TLEN to integer milliseconds. */
+function normalizeTlen(s) {
+    if (!s) return null;
+    if (/^\s*\d+\s*$/.test(s)) return parseInt(s.trim(), 10);
+    const f = Number(s);
+    if (Number.isFinite(f) && f > 0 && f < 100000) return Math.round(f * 1000);
+    return null;
+}
+
+/** Parses the ID3v2 tag header and frames. */
+function parseId3v2(mp3) {
+    if (mp3.length < 10 || mp3[0] !== 0x49 || mp3[1] !== 0x44 || mp3[2] !== 0x33) return null;
+
+    const major = mp3[3], minor = mp3[4], flags = mp3[5];
+    const tagSize = synchsafeToInt(mp3[6], mp3[7], mp3[8], mp3[9]);
+    let offset = 10;
+    const end = 10 + tagSize;
+
+    const frames = [];
+    while (offset + 10 <= end) {
+        const id = String.fromCharCode(mp3[offset], mp3[offset + 1], mp3[offset + 2], mp3[offset + 3]);
+        if (!/^[A-Z0-9]{4}$/.test(id)) break;
+        const size = major === 4 ?
+            synchsafeToInt(mp3[offset + 4], mp3[offset + 5], mp3[offset + 6], mp3[offset + 7]) :
+            u32be(mp3, offset + 4);
+        offset += 10;
+        if (size <= 0 || offset + size > mp3.length) break;
+        frames.push({ id, size, data: mp3.slice(offset, offset + size) });
+        offset += size;
+    }
+
+    return { header: { version: `${major}.${minor}`, flags, tag_size: tagSize }, frames };
+}
+
+/** Parses the 128-byte ID3v1 tag at the end of the file. */
+function parseId3v1(b) {
+    if (b.length < 128) return null;
+    const off = b.length - 128;
+    if (b[off] !== 0x54 || b[off + 1] !== 0x41 || b[off + 2] !== 0x47) return null;
+
+    let track = null;
+    if (b[off + 125] === 0x00 && b[off + 126] !== 0x00) track = String(b[off + 126]);
+
+    return {
+        title: decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(off + 3, off + 33)),
+        artist: decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(off + 33, off + 63)),
+        album: decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(off + 63, off + 93)),
+        year: decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(off + 93, off + 97)),
+        comment: decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(off + 97, off + 127)),
+        track, genre: String(b[off + 127]),
+    };
+}
+
+/** Decodes an ID3v2 TXXX (user-defined text) frame. */
+function decodeTxxx(data) {
+    if (!data || data.length < 2) return null;
+    const enc = data[0];
+    const { valueBytes: descBytes, next } = readNullTerminated(data, 1, enc);
+    const desc = decodeText(descBytes, enc).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+    const val = decodeText(data.slice(next), enc).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+    return { description: desc || null, value: val || null };
+}
+
+/** Best-effort APEv2 tag parser scanning the last 32 KB. */
+function parseApeV2BestEffort(b) {
+    const scanStart = Math.max(0, b.length - 32768);
+    const idx = indexOfAscii(b, "APETAGEX", scanStart, b.length);
+    if (idx < 0) return null;
+    if (idx + 32 > b.length) return { present: true, warning: "APETAGEX found but footer truncated." };
+
+    const ver = u32le(b, idx + 8), size = u32le(b, idx + 12);
+    const count = u32le(b, idx + 16), flags = u32le(b, idx + 20);
+
+    const tagStart = idx + 32 - size;
+    if (tagStart < 0 || tagStart >= b.length)
+        return { present: true, version: ver, size, count, flags, warning: "APEv2 bounds invalid (non-standard placement)." };
+
+    const items = [];
+    let off = tagStart + 32;
+    const end = Math.min(b.length, idx);
+    while (off + 8 < end && items.length < 5000) {
+        const valueSize = u32le(b, off), itemFlags = u32le(b, off + 4);
+        off += 8;
+        let keyEnd = off;
+        while (keyEnd < end && b[keyEnd] !== 0x00) keyEnd++;
+        const key = decodeLatin1Trim(b.slice(off, keyEnd));
+        off = keyEnd + 1;
+        if (!key || off + valueSize > end) break;
+        const value = safeUtf8(b.slice(off, off + valueSize)).replace(/\u0000/g, "").trim();
+        off += valueSize;
+        items.push({ key, value, flags: itemFlags });
+    }
+
+    return { present: true, version: ver, size, count, flags, items };
+}
+
+/** Enumerates RIFF-style chunks (id + LE32 size) within a byte range, padding to even. */
+function enumerateChunks(b, start, end, maxCount) {
+    const chunks = [];
+    let off = start;
+    while (off + 8 <= end && chunks.length < maxCount) {
+        const id = ascii4(b, off);
+        const size = u32le(b, off + 4);
+        const dataOff = off + 8;
+        if (dataOff + size > end) break;
+        chunks.push({ id, size, dataOff });
+        off = dataOff + size + (size % 2);
+    }
+    return chunks;
+}
+
+/** Parses a BWF bext chunk. */
+function parseBext(b, off, size) {
+    const slice = b.slice(off, off + size);
+    const timeRefLow = u32le(slice, 338), timeRefHigh = u32le(slice, 342);
+    return {
+        description: decodeLatin1Trim(slice.slice(0, 256)) || null,
+        originator: decodeLatin1Trim(slice.slice(256, 288)) || null,
+        originator_reference: decodeLatin1Trim(slice.slice(288, 320)) || null,
+        origination_date: decodeLatin1Trim(slice.slice(320, 330)) || null,
+        origination_time: decodeLatin1Trim(slice.slice(330, 338)) || null,
+        time_reference_samples: ((BigInt(timeRefHigh) << 32n) | BigInt(timeRefLow)).toString(),
+    };
+}
+
+const FLAC_TYPE_NAMES = { 0: "STREAMINFO", 1: "PADDING", 2: "APPLICATION", 3: "SEEKTABLE", 4: "VORBIS_COMMENT", 5: "CUESHEET", 6: "PICTURE" };
+
+/** Parses FLAC metadata blocks following the "fLaC" marker. */
+function parseFlacMetaBlocks(b) {
+    const blocks = [];
+    let off = 4;
+    while (off + 4 <= b.length && blocks.length < 10000) {
+        const header = b[off];
+        const isLast = (header & 0x80) !== 0;
+        const type = header & 0x7f;
+        const len = (b[off + 1] << 16) | (b[off + 2] << 8) | b[off + 3];
+        off += 4;
+        if (off + len > b.length) break;
+        blocks.push({ type, typeName: FLAC_TYPE_NAMES[type] || `TYPE_${type}`, length: len, data: b.slice(off, off + len) });
+        off += len;
+        if (isLast) break;
+    }
+    return blocks;
+}
+
+/** Parses a Vorbis Comment block (used by FLAC and OGG). */
+function parseVorbisComment(buf) {
+    let off = 0;
+    const vendorLen = u32le(buf, off); off += 4;
+    if (off + vendorLen > buf.length) return { vendor: null, comments: [], warning: "vendor_len out of bounds" };
+    const vendor = safeUtf8(buf.slice(off, off + vendorLen)); off += vendorLen;
+    const count = u32le(buf, off); off += 4;
+
+    const comments = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < count && off + 4 <= buf.length && comments.length < 20000; i++) {
+        const l = u32le(buf, off); off += 4;
+        if (off + l > buf.length) break;
+        const s = safeUtf8(buf.slice(off, off + l)); off += l;
+        const eq = s.indexOf("=");
+        if (eq > 0) comments.push({ key: s.slice(0, eq).toUpperCase(), value: s.slice(eq + 1) });
+    }
+    return { vendor, comments };
+}
+
+/** Maps Vorbis Comment fields to the common tags layer. */
+function mapVorbisCommon(report, vc) {
+    const c = report.tags.common;
+    for (const [vk, ck] of Object.entries(VORBIS_TO_COMMON))
+        c[ck] = c[ck] || vc.comments?.find((x) => x.key === vk)?.value || null;
+}
+
+/** Parses a FLAC PICTURE metadata block (extracts mime, description, data length). */
+function parseFlacPicture(data, maxTextBytes) {
+    let off = 4;
+    const mimeLen = u32be(data, off); off += 4;
+    const mime = safeUtf8(data.slice(off, off + Math.min(mimeLen, maxTextBytes))); off += mimeLen;
+    const descLen = u32be(data, off); off += 4;
+    const description = safeUtf8(data.slice(off, off + Math.min(descLen, maxTextBytes))); off += descLen + 16;
+    return { mime, description, dataLength: u32be(data, off) };
+}
+
+/** Parses the ASF Content Description Object fields. */
+function parseAsfContentDescription(b, off) {
+    const titleLen = u16le(b, off), authorLen = u16le(b, off + 2);
+    const copyrightLen = u16le(b, off + 4), descLen = u16le(b, off + 6), ratingLen = u16le(b, off + 8);
+    let pos = off + 10;
+    const title = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, titleLen); pos += titleLen;
+    const author = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, authorLen); pos += authorLen;
+    const copyright = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, copyrightLen); pos += copyrightLen;
+    const description = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, descLen); pos += descLen;
+    const rating = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, ratingLen);
+    return { title, author, copyright, description, rating };
+}
+
+/** Parses the ASF Extended Content Description Object descriptors. */
+function parseAsfExtContentDescription(b, off, end) {
+    const count = u16le(b, off);
+    let pos = off + 2;
+    const descriptors = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < count && pos + 6 <= end && descriptors.length < 5000; i++) {
+        const nameLen = u16le(b, pos); pos += 2;
+        if (pos + nameLen > end) break;
+        const name = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, nameLen); pos += nameLen;
+        const valueType = u16le(b, pos); pos += 2;
+        const valueLen = u16le(b, pos); pos += 2;
+        if (pos + valueLen > end) break;
+        let value;
+        if (valueType === 0) value = decodeUtf16LE(b, pos, valueLen);
+        else if (valueType === 3) value = u32le(b, pos);
+        else if (valueType === 5) value = u16le(b, pos);
+        else if (valueType === 2) value = u32le(b, pos) !== 0;
+        else value = `(${valueLen} bytes, type ${valueType})`;
+        pos += valueLen;
+        descriptors.push({ name, value_type: valueType, value });
+    }
+    return descriptors;
+}

src/core/lib/Modhex.mjs

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const HEX_ALPHABET_MAP = HEX_ALPHABET.split("");
 export function toModhex(data, delim=" ", padding=2, extraDelim="", lineSize=0) {
     if (!data) return "";
     if (data instanceof ArrayBuffer) data = new Uint8Array(data);
+    if (data.length === 0) return "";
 
     const regularHexString = toHex(data, "", padding, "", 0);
 
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ export function toModhex(data, delim=" ", padding=2, extraDelim="", lineSize=0)
 export function toModhexFast(data) {
     if (!data) return "";
     if (data instanceof ArrayBuffer) data = new Uint8Array(data);
+    if (data.length === 0) return "";
 
     const output = [];
 

src/core/lib/RC6.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+/**
+ * Complete implementation of RC6 block cipher encryption/decryption with
+ * configurable word size (w), rounds (r), and key length (b).
+ *
+ * RC6 was an AES finalist designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin.
+ * Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC6
+ * Test Vectors: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-krovetz-rc6-rc5-vectors-00
+ *
+ * The P and Q constants are derived from mathematical constants e (Euler's number) and
+ * φ (golden ratio) as specified in the IETF draft. Master 256-bit values are scaled to
+ * any word size.
+ *
+ * @author Medjedtxm
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2026
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Master P constant (256-bit) from IETF draft-krovetz-rc6-rc5-vectors-00
+ * Derived from Odd((e-2) * 2^256) where e = 2.71828...
+ */
+const P_256 = 0xb7e151628aed2a6abf7158809cf4f3c762e7160f38b4da56a784d9045190cfefn;
+
+/**
+ * Master Q constant (256-bit) from IETF draft-krovetz-rc6-rc5-vectors-00
+ * Derived from Odd((φ-1) * 2^256) where φ = 1.61803... (golden ratio)
+ */
+const Q_256 = 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15f39cc0605cedc8341082276bf3a27251f86c6a11d0c18e95n;
+
+/**
+ * Get P constant for given word size by scaling the 256-bit master constant
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {bigint} - P constant for word size w
+ */
+function getP(w) {
+    return (P_256 >> BigInt(256 - w)) | 1n; // Ensure odd
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get Q constant for given word size by scaling the 256-bit master constant
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {bigint} - Q constant for word size w
+ */
+function getQ(w) {
+    return (Q_256 >> BigInt(256 - w)) | 1n; // Ensure odd
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get block size in bytes for given word size
+ * Block size = 4 words = 4 * (w/8) bytes
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {number} - Block size in bytes
+ */
+export function getBlockSize(w) {
+    return 4 * (w / 8);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get recommended number of rounds for given word size
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {number} - Recommended rounds
+ */
+export function getDefaultRounds(w) {
+    if (w <= 16) return 16;
+    if (w <= 32) return 20;
+    if (w <= 64) return 24;
+    return 28;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create mask for w-bit word
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {bigint} - Mask with w bits set
+ */
+function wordMask(w) {
+    return (1n << BigInt(w)) - 1n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotate left for arbitrary word size using BigInt
+ * Uses lower lg(w) bits of n for rotation amount (RC6 spec)
+ * @param {bigint} x - Value to rotate
+ * @param {bigint} n - Rotation amount
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @param {bigint} lgMask - Mask for lower lg(w) bits
+ * @returns {bigint} - Rotated value
+ */
+function ROL(x, n, w, lgMask) {
+    const mask = wordMask(w);
+    // Mask to lg(w) bits, then mod w for non-power-of-2 word sizes
+    // For power-of-2, (n & lgMask) < w always, so mod w is no-op
+    const shift = (n & lgMask) % BigInt(w);
+    return ((x << shift) | (x >> (BigInt(w) - shift))) & mask;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotate right for arbitrary word size using BigInt
+ * Uses lower lg(w) bits of n for rotation amount (RC6 spec)
+ * @param {bigint} x - Value to rotate
+ * @param {bigint} n - Rotation amount
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @param {bigint} lgMask - Mask for lower lg(w) bits
+ * @returns {bigint} - Rotated value
+ */
+function ROR(x, n, w, lgMask) {
+    const mask = wordMask(w);
+    // Mask to lg(w) bits, then mod w for non-power-of-2 word sizes
+    // For power-of-2, (n & lgMask) < w always, so mod w is no-op
+    const shift = (n & lgMask) % BigInt(w);
+    return ((x >> shift) | (x << (BigInt(w) - shift))) & mask;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert byte array to word array (little-endian) using BigInt
+ * @param {number[]} bytes - Input byte array
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {bigint[]} - Array of w-bit words as BigInt
+ */
+function bytesToWords(bytes, w) {
+    const bytesPerWord = w / 8;
+    const words = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += bytesPerWord) {
+        let word = 0n;
+        for (let j = 0; j < bytesPerWord && (i + j) < bytes.length; j++) {
+            word |= BigInt(bytes[i + j] || 0) << BigInt(j * 8);
+        }
+        words.push(word);
+    }
+    return words;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert word array to byte array (little-endian) using BigInt
+ * @param {bigint[]} words - Array of words
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {number[]} - Output byte array
+ */
+function wordsToBytes(words, w) {
+    const bytesPerWord = w / 8;
+    const bytes = [];
+    for (const word of words) {
+        for (let j = 0; j < bytesPerWord; j++) {
+            bytes.push(Number((word >> BigInt(j * 8)) & 0xFFn));
+        }
+    }
+    return bytes;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate round subkeys from user key
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} key - User key as byte array
+ * @param {number} rounds - Number of rounds
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {bigint[]} - Array of 2r+4 subkeys as BigInt
+ */
+function generateSubkeys(key, rounds, w) {
+    const bytesPerWord = w / 8;
+    const b = key.length;
+    const c = Math.max(Math.ceil(b / bytesPerWord), 1);
+
+    // Convert key bytes to words, pad with zeros if needed
+    const paddedKey = [...key];
+    while (paddedKey.length < c * bytesPerWord) {
+        paddedKey.push(0);
+    }
+    const L = bytesToWords(paddedKey, w);
+
+    // Number of subkeys: 2*r + 4
+    const t = 2 * rounds + 4;
+
+    // Get P and Q for this word size
+    const P = getP(w);
+    const Q = getQ(w);
+    const mask = wordMask(w);
+
+    // lg(w) mask for rotation amounts (floor of log2(w), per RC6 spec)
+    const lgw = Math.floor(Math.log2(w));
+    const lgMask = (1n << BigInt(lgw)) - 1n;
+
+    // Initialise S array with magic constants
+    const S = new Array(t);
+    S[0] = P;
+    for (let i = 1; i < t; i++) {
+        S[i] = (S[i - 1] + Q) & mask;
+    }
+
+    // Mix key into S
+    let A = 0n, B = 0n;
+    let i = 0, j = 0;
+    const v = 3 * Math.max(c, t);
+
+    for (let s = 0; s < v; s++) {
+        A = S[i] = ROL((S[i] + A + B) & mask, 3n, w, lgMask);
+        B = L[j] = ROL((L[j] + A + B) & mask, A + B, w, lgMask);
+        i = (i + 1) % t;
+        j = (j + 1) % c;
+    }
+
+    return S;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encrypt a single block using RC6
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} block - Plaintext block (4*w/8 bytes)
+ * @param {bigint[]} S - Subkeys array
+ * @param {number} rounds - Number of rounds
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {number[]} - Ciphertext block
+ */
+function encryptBlock(block, S, rounds, w) {
+    const mask = wordMask(w);
+    const lgw = BigInt(Math.floor(Math.log2(w)));
+    const lgMask = (1n << lgw) - 1n;
+
+    // Convert block to 4 words (A, B, C, D)
+    let [A, B, C, D] = bytesToWords(block, w);
+
+    // Pre-whitening
+    B = (B + S[0]) & mask;
+    D = (D + S[1]) & mask;
+
+    // Main rounds
+    for (let i = 1; i <= rounds; i++) {
+        // t = ROL(B * (2B + 1), lg(w))
+        const t = ROL((B * ((2n * B + 1n) & mask)) & mask, lgw, w, lgMask);
+
+        // u = ROL(D * (2D + 1), lg(w))
+        const u = ROL((D * ((2n * D + 1n) & mask)) & mask, lgw, w, lgMask);
+
+        // A = ROL(A ^ t, u) + S[2i]
+        A = (ROL(A ^ t, u, w, lgMask) + S[2 * i]) & mask;
+
+        // C = ROL(C ^ u, t) + S[2i + 1]
+        C = (ROL(C ^ u, t, w, lgMask) + S[2 * i + 1]) & mask;
+
+        // Rotate registers: (A, B, C, D) = (B, C, D, A)
+        const temp = A;
+        A = B;
+        B = C;
+        C = D;
+        D = temp;
+    }
+
+    // Post-whitening
+    A = (A + S[2 * rounds + 2]) & mask;
+    C = (C + S[2 * rounds + 3]) & mask;
+
+    // Convert words back to bytes
+    return wordsToBytes([A, B, C, D], w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decrypt a single block using RC6
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} block - Ciphertext block (4*w/8 bytes)
+ * @param {bigint[]} S - Subkeys array
+ * @param {number} rounds - Number of rounds
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits
+ * @returns {number[]} - Plaintext block
+ */
+function decryptBlock(block, S, rounds, w) {
+    const mask = wordMask(w);
+    const lgw = BigInt(Math.floor(Math.log2(w)));
+    const lgMask = (1n << lgw) - 1n;
+
+    // Convert block to 4 words (A, B, C, D)
+    let [A, B, C, D] = bytesToWords(block, w);
+
+    // Reverse post-whitening
+    C = (C - S[2 * rounds + 3] + (1n << BigInt(w))) & mask;
+    A = (A - S[2 * rounds + 2] + (1n << BigInt(w))) & mask;
+
+    // Main rounds in reverse
+    for (let i = rounds; i >= 1; i--) {
+        // Reverse rotate registers: (A, B, C, D) = (D, A, B, C)
+        const temp = D;
+        D = C;
+        C = B;
+        B = A;
+        A = temp;
+
+        // u = ROL(D * (2D + 1), lg(w))
+        const u = ROL((D * ((2n * D + 1n) & mask)) & mask, lgw, w, lgMask);
+
+        // t = ROL(B * (2B + 1), lg(w))
+        const t = ROL((B * ((2n * B + 1n) & mask)) & mask, lgw, w, lgMask);
+
+        // C = ROR(C - S[2i + 1], t) ^ u
+        C = ROR((C - S[2 * i + 1] + (1n << BigInt(w))) & mask, t, w, lgMask) ^ u;
+
+        // A = ROR(A - S[2i], u) ^ t
+        A = ROR((A - S[2 * i] + (1n << BigInt(w))) & mask, u, w, lgMask) ^ t;
+    }
+
+    // Reverse pre-whitening
+    D = (D - S[1] + (1n << BigInt(w))) & mask;
+    B = (B - S[0] + (1n << BigInt(w))) & mask;
+
+    // Convert words back to bytes
+    return wordsToBytes([A, B, C, D], w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * XOR two blocks
+ * @param {number[]} a - First block
+ * @param {number[]} b - Second block
+ * @returns {number[]} - XOR result
+ */
+function xorBlocks(a, b) {
+    const result = new Array(a.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+        result[i] = a[i] ^ b[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Increment counter (little-endian)
+ * @param {number[]} counter - Counter block
+ * @returns {number[]} - Incremented counter
+ */
+function incrementCounter(counter) {
+    const result = [...counter];
+    for (let i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+        result[i]++;
+        if (result[i] <= 255) break;
+        result[i] = 0;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply padding to message
+ * @param {number[]} message - Original message
+ * @param {string} padding - Padding type ("NO", "PKCS5", "ZERO", "RANDOM", "BIT")
+ * @param {number} blockSize - Block size in bytes
+ * @returns {number[]} - Padded message
+ */
+function applyPadding(message, padding, blockSize) {
+    const remainder = message.length % blockSize;
+    let nPadding = remainder === 0 ? 0 : blockSize - remainder;
+
+    // For PKCS5, always add at least one byte (full block if already aligned)
+    if (padding === "PKCS5" && remainder === 0) {
+        nPadding = blockSize;
+    }
+
+    if (nPadding === 0) return [...message];
+
+    const paddedMessage = [...message];
+
+    switch (padding) {
+        case "NO":
+            throw new OperationError(`No padding requested but input is not a ${blockSize}-byte multiple.`);
+
+        case "PKCS5":
+            for (let i = 0; i < nPadding; i++) {
+                paddedMessage.push(nPadding);
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case "ZERO":
+            for (let i = 0; i < nPadding; i++) {
+                paddedMessage.push(0);
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case "RANDOM":
+            for (let i = 0; i < nPadding; i++) {
+                paddedMessage.push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 256));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case "BIT":
+            paddedMessage.push(0x80);
+            for (let i = 1; i < nPadding; i++) {
+                paddedMessage.push(0);
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            throw new OperationError(`Unknown padding type: ${padding}`);
+    }
+
+    return paddedMessage;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove padding from message
+ * @param {number[]} message - Padded message
+ * @param {string} padding - Padding type ("NO", "PKCS5", "ZERO", "RANDOM", "BIT")
+ * @param {number} blockSize - Block size in bytes
+ * @returns {number[]} - Unpadded message
+ */
+function removePadding(message, padding, blockSize) {
+    if (message.length === 0) return message;
+
+    switch (padding) {
+        case "NO":
+        case "ZERO":
+        case "RANDOM":
+            // These padding types cannot be reliably removed
+            return message;
+
+        case "PKCS5": {
+            const padByte = message[message.length - 1];
+            if (padByte > 0 && padByte <= blockSize) {
+                // Verify padding
+                for (let i = 0; i < padByte; i++) {
+                    if (message[message.length - 1 - i] !== padByte) {
+                        throw new OperationError("Invalid PKCS#5 padding.");
+                    }
+                }
+                return message.slice(0, message.length - padByte);
+            }
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid PKCS#5 padding.");
+        }
+
+        case "BIT": {
+            // Find 0x80 byte working backwards, skipping zeros
+            for (let i = message.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                if (message[i] === 0x80) {
+                    return message.slice(0, i);
+                } else if (message[i] !== 0) {
+                    throw new OperationError("Invalid BIT padding.");
+                }
+            }
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid BIT padding.");
+        }
+
+        default:
+            throw new OperationError(`Unknown padding type: ${padding}`);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encrypt using RC6 cipher with specified block mode
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} message - Plaintext as byte array
+ * @param {number[]} key - Key as byte array
+ * @param {number[]} iv - IV (block size bytes, not used for ECB)
+ * @param {string} mode - Block cipher mode ("ECB", "CBC", "CFB", "OFB", "CTR")
+ * @param {string} padding - Padding type ("NO", "PKCS5", "ZERO", "RANDOM", "BIT")
+ * @param {number} rounds - Number of rounds (default: 20)
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits (default: 32)
+ * @returns {number[]} - Ciphertext as byte array
+ */
+export function encryptRC6(message, key, iv, mode = "ECB", padding = "PKCS5", rounds = 20, w = 32) {
+    const blockSize = getBlockSize(w);
+    const messageLength = message.length;
+    if (messageLength === 0) return [];
+
+    const S = generateSubkeys(key, rounds, w);
+
+    // Apply padding for ECB/CBC modes
+    let paddedMessage;
+    if (mode === "ECB" || mode === "CBC") {
+        paddedMessage = applyPadding(message, padding, blockSize);
+    } else {
+        // Stream modes (CFB, OFB, CTR) don't need padding
+        paddedMessage = [...message];
+    }
+
+    const cipherText = [];
+
+    switch (mode) {
+        case "ECB":
+            for (let i = 0; i < paddedMessage.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const block = paddedMessage.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                cipherText.push(...encryptBlock(block, S, rounds, w));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case "CBC": {
+            let ivBlock = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < paddedMessage.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const block = paddedMessage.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                const xored = xorBlocks(block, ivBlock);
+                ivBlock = encryptBlock(xored, S, rounds, w);
+                cipherText.push(...ivBlock);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case "CFB": {
+            let ivBlock = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < paddedMessage.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const encrypted = encryptBlock(ivBlock, S, rounds, w);
+                const block = paddedMessage.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                // Pad block if shorter than blockSize
+                while (block.length < blockSize) block.push(0);
+                ivBlock = xorBlocks(encrypted, block);
+                cipherText.push(...ivBlock);
+            }
+            return cipherText.slice(0, messageLength);
+        }
+
+        case "OFB": {
+            let ivBlock = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < paddedMessage.length; i += blockSize) {
+                ivBlock = encryptBlock(ivBlock, S, rounds, w);
+                const block = paddedMessage.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                // Pad block if shorter than blockSize
+                while (block.length < blockSize) block.push(0);
+                cipherText.push(...xorBlocks(ivBlock, block));
+            }
+            return cipherText.slice(0, messageLength);
+        }
+
+        case "CTR": {
+            let counter = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < paddedMessage.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const encrypted = encryptBlock(counter, S, rounds, w);
+                const block = paddedMessage.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                // Pad block if shorter than blockSize
+                while (block.length < blockSize) block.push(0);
+                cipherText.push(...xorBlocks(encrypted, block));
+                counter = incrementCounter(counter);
+            }
+            return cipherText.slice(0, messageLength);
+        }
+
+        default:
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid block cipher mode: ${mode}`);
+    }
+
+    return cipherText;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decrypt using RC6 cipher with specified block mode
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} cipherText - Ciphertext as byte array
+ * @param {number[]} key - Key as byte array
+ * @param {number[]} iv - IV (block size bytes, not used for ECB)
+ * @param {string} mode - Block cipher mode ("ECB", "CBC", "CFB", "OFB", "CTR")
+ * @param {string} padding - Padding type ("NO", "PKCS5", "ZERO", "RANDOM", "BIT")
+ * @param {number} rounds - Number of rounds (default: 20)
+ * @param {number} w - Word size in bits (default: 32)
+ * @returns {number[]} - Plaintext as byte array
+ */
+export function decryptRC6(cipherText, key, iv, mode = "ECB", padding = "PKCS5", rounds = 20, w = 32) {
+    const blockSize = getBlockSize(w);
+    const originalLength = cipherText.length;
+    if (originalLength === 0) return [];
+
+    const S = generateSubkeys(key, rounds, w);
+
+    if (mode === "ECB" || mode === "CBC") {
+        if ((originalLength % blockSize) !== 0)
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid ciphertext length: ${originalLength} bytes. Must be a multiple of ${blockSize}.`);
+    } else {
+        // Pad for stream modes
+        while ((cipherText.length % blockSize) !== 0)
+            cipherText.push(0);
+    }
+
+    const plainText = [];
+
+    switch (mode) {
+        case "ECB":
+            for (let i = 0; i < cipherText.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const block = cipherText.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                plainText.push(...decryptBlock(block, S, rounds, w));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case "CBC": {
+            let ivBlock = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < cipherText.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const block = cipherText.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                const decrypted = decryptBlock(block, S, rounds, w);
+                plainText.push(...xorBlocks(decrypted, ivBlock));
+                ivBlock = block;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case "CFB": {
+            let ivBlock = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < cipherText.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const encrypted = encryptBlock(ivBlock, S, rounds, w);
+                const block = cipherText.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                plainText.push(...xorBlocks(encrypted, block));
+                ivBlock = block;
+            }
+            return plainText.slice(0, originalLength);
+        }
+
+        case "OFB": {
+            let ivBlock = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < cipherText.length; i += blockSize) {
+                ivBlock = encryptBlock(ivBlock, S, rounds, w);
+                const block = cipherText.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                plainText.push(...xorBlocks(ivBlock, block));
+            }
+            return plainText.slice(0, originalLength);
+        }
+
+        case "CTR": {
+            let counter = [...iv];
+            for (let i = 0; i < cipherText.length; i += blockSize) {
+                const encrypted = encryptBlock(counter, S, rounds, w);
+                const block = cipherText.slice(i, i + blockSize);
+                plainText.push(...xorBlocks(encrypted, block));
+                counter = incrementCounter(counter);
+            }
+            return plainText.slice(0, originalLength);
+        }
+
+        default:
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid block cipher mode: ${mode}`);
+    }
+
+    // Remove padding for ECB/CBC modes
+    if (mode === "ECB" || mode === "CBC") {
+        return removePadding(plainText, padding, blockSize);
+    }
+
+    return plainText.slice(0, originalLength);
+}

src/core/operations/A1Z26CipherDecode.mjs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class A1Z26CipherDecode extends Operation {
         const delim = Utils.charRep(args[0] || "Space");
 
         if (input.length === 0) {
-            return [];
+            return "";
         }
 
         const bites = input.split(delim);

src/core/operations/DisassembleARM.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/**
+ * @author MedjedThomasXM
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2024
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import { isWorkerEnvironment } from "../Utils.mjs";
+import cs from "@alexaltea/capstone-js/dist/capstone.min.js";
+
+/**
+ * Disassemble ARM operation
+ */
+class DisassembleARM extends Operation {
+
+    /**
+     * DisassembleARM constructor
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "Disassemble ARM";
+        this.module = "Shellcode";
+        this.description = "Disassembles ARM machine code into assembly language.<br><br>Supports ARM (32-bit), Thumb, and ARM64 (AArch64) architectures using the Capstone disassembly framework.<br><br>Input should be in hexadecimal.";
+        this.infoURL = "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture_family";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "string";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                "name": "Architecture",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM64 (AArch64)"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Mode",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["ARM", "Thumb", "Thumb + Cortex-M", "ARMv8"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Endianness",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["Little Endian", "Big Endian"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Starting address (hex)",
+                "type": "number",
+                "value": 0
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Show instruction hex",
+                "type": "boolean",
+                "value": true
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Show instruction position",
+                "type": "boolean",
+                "value": true
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    async run(input, args) {
+        const [
+            architecture,
+            mode,
+            endianness,
+            startAddress,
+            showHex,
+            showPosition
+        ] = args;
+
+        // Remove whitespace from input
+        const hexInput = input.replace(/\s/g, "");
+
+        // Validate hex input
+        if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]*$/.test(hexInput)) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid hexadecimal input. Please provide valid hex characters only.");
+        }
+
+        if (hexInput.length === 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        if (hexInput.length % 2 !== 0) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid hexadecimal input. Length must be even.");
+        }
+
+        // Convert hex string to byte array
+        const bytes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < hexInput.length; i += 2) {
+            bytes.push(parseInt(hexInput.substr(i, 2), 16));
+        }
+
+        // Determine architecture constant
+        let arch;
+        if (architecture === "ARM64 (AArch64)") {
+            arch = cs.ARCH_ARM64;
+        } else {
+            arch = cs.ARCH_ARM;
+        }
+
+        // Determine mode constant
+        let modeValue = cs.MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+
+        if (architecture === "ARM (32-bit)") {
+            switch (mode) {
+                case "ARM":
+                    modeValue = cs.MODE_ARM;
+                    break;
+                case "Thumb":
+                    modeValue = cs.MODE_THUMB;
+                    break;
+                case "Thumb + Cortex-M":
+                    modeValue = cs.MODE_THUMB | cs.MODE_MCLASS;
+                    break;
+                case "ARMv8":
+                    modeValue = cs.MODE_ARM | cs.MODE_V8;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    modeValue = cs.MODE_ARM;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // ARM64 only has one mode (ARM mode is default for ARM64)
+            modeValue = cs.MODE_ARM;
+        }
+
+        // Add endianness
+        if (endianness === "Big Endian") {
+            modeValue |= cs.MODE_BIG_ENDIAN;
+        }
+
+        if (isWorkerEnvironment()) {
+            self.sendStatusMessage("Disassembling...");
+        }
+
+        let disassembler;
+        try {
+            disassembler = new cs.Capstone(arch, modeValue);
+        } catch (e) {
+            throw new OperationError(`Failed to initialise Capstone disassembler: ${e}`);
+        }
+
+        let instructions;
+        try {
+            instructions = disassembler.disasm(bytes, startAddress);
+        } catch (e) {
+            disassembler.close();
+            // Check if it's a "no valid instructions" error (code 0 means OK but nothing decoded)
+            if (e && e.includes && e.includes("code 0:")) {
+                throw new OperationError(`No valid ${architecture} instructions found in input. The bytes may be for a different architecture or mode.`);
+            }
+            throw new OperationError(`Disassembly failed: ${e}`);
+        }
+
+        // Format output
+        const output = [];
+        for (const insn of instructions) {
+            let line = "";
+
+            if (showPosition) {
+                // Format address as hex with 0x prefix
+                const addrHex = "0x" + insn.address.toString(16).padStart(8, "0");
+                line += addrHex + "  ";
+            }
+
+            if (showHex) {
+                // Format instruction bytes as hex
+                const bytesHex = insn.bytes.map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
+                line += bytesHex.padEnd(16, " ") + "  ";
+            }
+
+            line += insn.mnemonic;
+            if (insn.op_str) {
+                line += " " + insn.op_str;
+            }
+
+            output.push(line);
+        }
+
+        disassembler.close();
+
+        return output.join("\n");
+    }
+
+}
+
+export default DisassembleARM;

src/core/operations/ExtractAudioMetadata.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/**
+ * @author d0s1nt [d0s1nt@cyberchefaudio]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import Utils from "../Utils.mjs";
+import { makeEmptyReport, sniffContainer } from "../lib/AudioMetaSchema.mjs";
+import {
+    parseMp3, parseRiffWave, parseFlac, parseOgg,
+    parseMp4BestEffort, parseAiffBestEffort,
+    parseAacAdts, parseAc3, parseWmaAsf,
+} from "../lib/AudioParsers.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Extract Audio Metadata operation.
+ */
+class ExtractAudioMetadata extends Operation {
+    /** Creates the Extract Audio Metadata operation. */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "Extract Audio Metadata";
+        this.module = "Default";
+        this.description =
+            "Extract common audio metadata across MP3 (ID3v2/ID3v1/GEOB), WAV/BWF/BW64 (INFO/bext/iXML/axml), FLAC (Vorbis Comment/Picture), OGG (Vorbis/OpusTags), AAC (ADTS), AC3 (Dolby Digital), WMA (ASF), plus best-effort MP4/M4A and AIFF scanning. Outputs normalized JSON.";
+        this.infoURL = "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_file_format";
+        this.inputType = "ArrayBuffer";
+        this.outputType = "JSON";
+        this.presentType = "html";
+
+        this.args = [
+            { name: "Filename (optional)", type: "string", value: "" },
+            { name: "Max embedded text bytes (iXML/axml/etc)", type: "number", value: 1024 * 512 },
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {ArrayBuffer} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {Object}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        const filename = (args?.[0] || "").trim() || null;
+        const maxTextBytes = Number.isFinite(args?.[1]) ? Math.max(1024, args[1]) : 1024 * 512;
+
+        if (!(input instanceof ArrayBuffer) || input.byteLength === 0)
+            throw new OperationError("No input data. Load an audio file (drag/drop or use the open file button).");
+
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(input);
+        const container = sniffContainer(bytes);
+        const report = makeEmptyReport(filename, bytes.length, container);
+
+        try {
+            const parsers = {
+                mp3: () => parseMp3(bytes, report),
+                wav: () => parseRiffWave(bytes, report, maxTextBytes),
+                bw64: () => parseRiffWave(bytes, report, maxTextBytes),
+                flac: () => parseFlac(bytes, report, maxTextBytes),
+                ogg: () => parseOgg(bytes, report),
+                opus: () => parseOgg(bytes, report),
+                mp4: () => parseMp4BestEffort(bytes, report),
+                m4a: () => parseMp4BestEffort(bytes, report),
+                aiff: () => parseAiffBestEffort(bytes, report, maxTextBytes),
+                aac: () => parseAacAdts(bytes, report),
+                ac3: () => parseAc3(bytes, report),
+                wma: () => parseWmaAsf(bytes, report),
+            };
+            if (parsers[container.type]) {
+                parsers[container.type]();
+            } else {
+                report.errors.push({ stage: "sniff", message: "Unknown/unsupported container (best-effort scan not implemented)." });
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            report.errors.push({ stage: "parse", message: String(e?.message || e) });
+        }
+
+        return report;
+    }
+
+    /** Renders the extracted metadata as an HTML table. */
+    present(data) {
+        if (!data || typeof data !== "object") return JSON.stringify(data, null, 4);
+
+        const esc = Utils.escapeHtml;
+        const row = (k, v) => `<tr><td>${esc(String(k))}</td><td>${esc(String(v ?? ""))}</td></tr>\n`;
+        const section = (title) => `<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#e9ecef;text-align:center">${esc(title)}</th></tr>\n`;
+        const objRows = (obj, filter = (v) => v !== null) => {
+            for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+                if (filter(v)) html += row(k, v);
+            }
+        };
+        const objSection = (obj, title, filter) => {
+            if (!obj) return;
+            html += section(title);
+            objRows(obj, filter);
+        };
+        const listSection = (arr, title, fmt) => {
+            if (!arr?.length) return;
+            html += section(title);
+            for (const item of arr) html += fmt(item);
+        };
+
+        let html = `<table class="table table-hover table-sm table-bordered table-nonfluid">\n`;
+
+        html += section("Artifact");
+        html += row("Filename", data.artifact?.filename || "(none)");
+        html += row("Size", `${(data.artifact?.byte_length ?? 0).toLocaleString()} bytes`);
+        html += row("Container", data.artifact?.container?.type);
+        html += row("MIME", data.artifact?.container?.mime);
+        if (data.artifact?.container?.brand) html += row("Brand", data.artifact.container.brand);
+
+        html += section("Detections");
+        html += row("Metadata systems", (data.detections?.metadata_systems || []).join(", ") || "None");
+        html += row("Provenance systems", (data.detections?.provenance_systems || []).join(", ") || "None");
+
+        const common = data.tags?.common || {};
+        html += section("Common Tags");
+        if (Object.values(common).some((v) => v !== null)) {
+            for (const [key, val] of Object.entries(common)) {
+                if (val !== null) html += row(key.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + key.slice(1), val);
+            }
+        } else {
+            html += row("(none)", "No common tags found");
+        }
+
+        listSection(data.tags?.raw?.id3v2?.frames, "ID3v2 Frames", (f) => {
+            const val = typeof f.decoded === "object" ? JSON.stringify(f.decoded) : (f.decoded ?? `(${f.size} bytes)`);
+            return row(f.id + (f.description ? ` \u2014 ${f.description}` : ""), val);
+        });
+        objSection(data.tags?.raw?.id3v1, "ID3v1", (v) => !!v);
+        listSection(data.tags?.raw?.apev2?.items, "APEv2 Tags", (i) => row(i.key, i.value));
+
+        if (data.tags?.raw?.vorbis_comments?.comments?.length) {
+            html += section("Vorbis Comments");
+            html += row("Vendor", data.tags.raw.vorbis_comments.vendor);
+            for (const c of data.tags.raw.vorbis_comments.comments) html += row(c.key, c.value);
+        }
+
+        objSection(data.tags?.raw?.riff?.info, "RIFF INFO", () => true);
+        objSection(data.tags?.raw?.riff?.bext, "BWF bext");
+        listSection(data.tags?.raw?.riff?.chunks, "RIFF Chunks", (c) => row(c.id, `${c.size} bytes @ offset ${c.offset}`));
+        listSection(data.tags?.raw?.flac?.blocks, "FLAC Metadata Blocks", (b) => row(b.type, `${b.length} bytes`));
+
+        if (data.tags?.raw?.mp4?.top_level_atoms?.length) {
+            html += section("MP4 Top-Level Atoms");
+            const atoms = data.tags.raw.mp4.top_level_atoms;
+            for (const a of atoms.slice(0, 50)) html += row(a.type, `${a.size} bytes @ offset ${a.offset}`);
+            if (atoms.length > 50) html += row("...", `${atoms.length - 50} more atoms`);
+        }
+
+        listSection(data.tags?.raw?.aiff?.chunks, "AIFF Chunks", (c) => row(c.id, c.value));
+        objSection(data.tags?.raw?.aac, "AAC ADTS");
+        objSection(data.tags?.raw?.ac3, "AC3 (Dolby Digital)");
+        objSection(data.tags?.raw?.asf?.content_description, "ASF Content Description", (v) => !!v);
+        listSection(data.tags?.raw?.asf?.extended_content, "ASF Extended Content", (d) => row(d.name, d.value));
+        listSection(data.embedded, "Embedded Objects", (e) => row(e.id, `${e.content_type || "unknown"} \u2014 ${(e.byte_length ?? 0).toLocaleString()} bytes`));
+
+        if (data.provenance?.c2pa?.present) {
+            html += section("C2PA Provenance");
+            html += row("Present", "Yes");
+            for (const emb of (data.provenance.c2pa.embedding || []))
+                html += row("Carrier", `${emb.carrier} \u2014 ${(emb.byte_length ?? 0).toLocaleString()} bytes`);
+        }
+
+        listSection(data.errors, "Errors", (e) => row(e.stage, e.message));
+
+        html += "</table>";
+        return html;
+    }
+}
+
+export default ExtractAudioMetadata;

src/core/operations/FlaskSessionDecode.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/**
+ * @author ThePlayer372-FR []
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import { fromBase64 } from "../lib/Base64.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Flask Session Decode operation
+ */
+class FlaskSessionDecode extends Operation {
+    /**
+     * FlaskSessionDecode constructor
+    */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "Flask Session Decode";
+        this.module = "Crypto";
+        this.description = "Decodes the payload of a Flask session cookie (itsdangerous) into JSON.";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "JSON";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                name: "View TimeStamp",
+                type: "boolean",
+                value: false
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {Object[]}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        input = input.trim();
+        const parts = input.split(".");
+        if (parts.length !== 3) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid Flask token format. Expected payload.timestamp.signature");
+        }
+
+        const payloadB64 = parts[0];
+        const time = parts[1];
+
+        const timeB64 = time.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
+        const binary = fromBase64(timeB64);
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(4);
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            bytes[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i);
+        }
+        const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer);
+        const timestamp = view.getInt32(0, false);
+
+        const base64 = payloadB64.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
+        const padded = base64.padEnd(Math.ceil(base64.length / 4) * 4, "=");
+        let payloadJson;
+        try {
+            payloadJson = fromBase64(padded);
+        } catch (e) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid Base64 payload");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            let data = JSON.parse(payloadJson);
+
+            if (args[0]) {
+                data = {payload: data, timestamp: timestamp};
+            }
+            return data;
+        } catch (e) {
+            throw new OperationError("Unable to decode JSON payload: " + e.message);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export default FlaskSessionDecode;

src/core/operations/FlaskSessionSign.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * @author ThePlayer372-FR []
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import CryptoApi from "crypto-api/src/crypto-api.mjs";
+import Utils from "../Utils.mjs";
+import { toBase64 } from "../lib/Base64.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Flask Session Sign operation
+ */
+class FlaskSessionSign extends Operation {
+    /**
+     * FlaskSessionSign constructor
+    */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "Flask Session Sign";
+        this.module = "Crypto";
+        this.description = "Signs a JSON payload to produce a Flask session cookie (itsdangerous HMAC).";
+        this.inputType = "JSON";
+        this.outputType = "string";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                name: "Key",
+                type: "toggleString",
+                value: "",
+                toggleValues: ["Hex", "Decimal", "Binary", "Base64", "UTF8", "Latin1"]
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Salt",
+                type: "toggleString",
+                value: "cookie-session",
+                toggleValues: ["UTF8", "Hex", "Decimal", "Binary", "Base64", "Latin1"]
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Algorithm",
+                type: "option",
+                value: ["sha1", "sha256"],
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        if (!args[0].string) {
+            throw new OperationError("Secret key required");
+        }
+        const key = Utils.convertToByteString(args[0].string, args[0].option);
+        const salt = Utils.convertToByteString(args[1].string || "cookie-session", args[1].option);
+        const algorithm = args[2] || "sha1";
+
+        const payloadB64 = toBase64(Utils.strToByteArray(JSON.stringify(input)));
+        const payload = payloadB64.replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=/g, "");
+
+        const derivedKey = CryptoApi.getHmac(key, CryptoApi.getHasher(algorithm));
+        derivedKey.update(salt);
+
+        const currentTimeStamp = Math.ceil(Date.now() / 1000);
+        const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(4);
+        const view = new DataView(buffer);
+        view.setInt32(0, currentTimeStamp, false);
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(buffer);
+        let binary = "";
+        bytes.forEach(b => binary += String.fromCharCode(b));
+        const timeB64 = toBase64(Utils.strToByteArray(binary));
+        const time = timeB64.replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=/g, "");
+
+        const data = Utils.convertToByteString(payload + "." + time, "utf8");
+        const sign = CryptoApi.getHmac(derivedKey.finalize(), CryptoApi.getHasher(algorithm));
+        sign.update(data);
+
+        const signB64 = toBase64(sign.finalize());
+        const sign64 = signB64.replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=/g, "");
+
+        return payload + "." + time + "." + sign64;
+    }
+}
+
+
+export default FlaskSessionSign;

src/core/operations/FlaskSessionVerify.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/**
+ * @author ThePlayer372-FR []
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import CryptoApi from "crypto-api/src/crypto-api.mjs";
+import Utils from "../Utils.mjs";
+import { toBase64, fromBase64 } from "../lib/Base64.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Flask Session Verify operation
+ */
+class FlaskSessionVerify extends Operation {
+    /**
+     * FlaskSessionVerify constructor
+    */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "Flask Session Verify";
+        this.module = "Crypto";
+        this.description = "Verifies the HMAC signature of a Flask session cookie (itsdangerous) generated.";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "JSON";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                name: "Key",
+                type: "toggleString",
+                value: "",
+                toggleValues: ["Hex", "Decimal", "Binary", "Base64", "UTF8", "Latin1"]
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Salt",
+                type: "toggleString",
+                value: "cookie-session",
+                toggleValues: ["UTF8", "Hex", "Decimal", "Binary", "Base64", "Latin1"]
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Algorithm",
+                type: "option",
+                value: ["sha1", "sha256"],
+            },
+            {
+                name: "View TimeStamp",
+                type: "boolean",
+                value: true
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+
+        if (!args[0].string) {
+            throw new OperationError("Secret key required");
+        }
+
+        const key = Utils.convertToByteString(args[0].string, args[0].option);
+        const salt = Utils.convertToByteString(args[1].string || "cookie-session", args[1].option);
+        const algorithm = args[2] || "sha1";
+
+        input = input.trim();
+
+        const parts = input.split(".");
+
+        if (parts.length !== 3) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid Flask token format. Expected payload.timestamp.signature");
+        }
+
+        const data = Utils.convertToByteString(parts[0] + "." + parts[1], "utf8");
+
+
+        const derivedKey = CryptoApi.getHmac(key, CryptoApi.getHasher(algorithm));
+        derivedKey.update(salt);
+
+        const sign = CryptoApi.getHmac(derivedKey.finalize(), CryptoApi.getHasher(algorithm));
+        sign.update(data);
+
+        const payloadB64 = parts[0];
+        const base64 = payloadB64.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
+        const padded = base64.padEnd(Math.ceil(base64.length / 4) * 4, "=");
+
+        const time = parts[1];
+
+        const timeB64 = time.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
+        const binary = fromBase64(timeB64);
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(4);
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            bytes[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i);
+        }
+        const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer);
+        const timestamp = view.getInt32(0, false);
+
+        let payloadJson;
+        try {
+            payloadJson = fromBase64(padded);
+        } catch (e) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid Base64 payload");
+        }
+
+        const signB64 = toBase64(sign.finalize());
+        const sign64 = signB64.replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=/g, "");
+
+        if (sign64 !== parts[2]) {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid signature!");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            const decoded = JSON.parse(payloadJson);
+            if (!args[3]) {
+                return {
+                    valid: true,
+                    payload: decoded,
+                };
+            } else {
+                return {
+                    valid: true,
+                    payload: decoded,
+                    timestamp: timestamp
+                };
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            throw new OperationError("Unable to decode JSON payload: " + e.message);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+export default FlaskSessionVerify;

src/core/operations/Jq.mjs

@@ -30,7 +30,12 @@ class Jq extends Operation {
                 name: "Query",
                 type: "string",
                 value: ""
-            }
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Raw",
+                type: "boolean",
+                value: false
+            },
         ];
     }
 
@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ class Jq extends Operation {
      * @returns {string}
      */
     run(input, args) {
-        const [query] = args;
+        const [query, raw] = args;
         let result;
 
         try {
@@ -48,9 +53,12 @@ class Jq extends Operation {
         } catch (err) {
             throw new OperationError(`Invalid jq expression: ${err.message}`);
         }
-
+        if (raw && typeof result === "string") {
+            return result;
+        } else {
             return JSON.stringify(result);
         }
+    }
 
 }
 

src/core/operations/OffsetChecker.mjs

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class OffsetChecker extends Operation {
             }
         }
 
-        return outputs.join(sampleDelim);
+        return outputs.join(Utils.escapeHtml(sampleDelim));
     }
 
 }

src/core/operations/ParseEthernetFrame.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/**
+ * @author tedk [tedk@ted.do]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2024
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import Utils from "../Utils.mjs";
+import {fromHex, toHex} from "../lib/Hex.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * Parse Ethernet frame operation
+ */
+class ParseEthernetFrame extends Operation {
+
+    /**
+     * ParseEthernetFrame constructor
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "Parse Ethernet frame";
+        this.module = "Default";
+        this.description = "Parses an Ethernet frame and either shows the deduced values (Source and destination MAC, VLANs) or returns the packet data.<br /><br />Good for use in conjunction with the Parse IPv4, and Parse TCP/UDP recipes.";
+        this.infoURL = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame#Frame_%E2%80%93_data_link_layer";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "html";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                name: "Input type",
+                type: "option",
+                value: [
+                    "Raw", "Hex"
+                ],
+                defaultIndex: 0,
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Return type",
+                type: "option",
+                value: [
+                    "Text output", "Packet data", "Packet data (hex)",
+                ],
+                defaultIndex: 0,
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {html}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        const format = args[0];
+        const outputFormat = args[1];
+
+        if (format === "Hex") {
+            input = fromHex(input);
+        } else if (format === "Raw") {
+            input = new Uint8Array(Utils.strToArrayBuffer(input));
+        } else {
+            throw new OperationError("Invalid input format selected.");
+        }
+
+        const destinationMac = input.slice(0, 6);
+        const sourceMac = input.slice(6, 12);
+
+        let offset = 12;
+        const vlans = [];
+
+        while (offset < input.length) {
+            const ethType = Utils.byteArrayToChars(input.slice(offset, offset+2));
+            offset += 2;
+
+            if (ethType === "\x81\x00" || ethType === "\x88\xA8") {
+                // Parse the VLAN tag:
+                // [0000] 0000 0000 0000
+                //  ^^^ PRIO  - Ignored
+                //     ^ DEI  - Ignored
+                //        ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ VLAN ID
+                const vlanTag = input.slice(offset, offset+2);
+                vlans.push(((vlanTag[0] & 0b00001111) << 8) | vlanTag[1]);
+
+                offset += 2;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const packetData = input.slice(offset);
+
+        if (outputFormat === "Packet data") {
+            return Utils.byteArrayToChars(packetData);
+        } else if (outputFormat === "Packet data (hex)") {
+            return toHex(packetData);
+        } else if (outputFormat === "Text output") {
+            let retval = `Source MAC: ${toHex(sourceMac, ":")}\nDestination MAC: ${toHex(destinationMac, ":")}\n`;
+            if (vlans.length > 0) {
+                retval += `VLAN: ${vlans.join(", ")}\n`;
+            }
+            retval += `Data:\n${toHex(packetData)}`;
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+export default ParseEthernetFrame;

src/core/operations/ParseIPv4Header.mjs

@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ class ParseIPv4Header extends Operation {
                 "name": "Input format",
                 "type": "option",
                 "value": ["Hex", "Raw"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Output format",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["Table", "Data (hex)", "Data (raw)"],
+                defaultIndex: 0,
             }
         ];
     }
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ class ParseIPv4Header extends Operation {
      */
     run(input, args) {
         const format = args[0];
+        const outputFormat = args[1];
+
         let output;
 
         if (format === "Hex") {
@@ -98,6 +106,9 @@ class ParseIPv4Header extends Operation {
             checksumResult = givenChecksum + " (incorrect, should be " + correctChecksum + ")";
         }
 
+        const data = input.slice(ihl * 4);
+
+        if (outputFormat === "Table") {
             output = `<table class='table table-hover table-sm table-bordered table-nonfluid'><tr><th>Field</th><th>Value</th></tr>
 <tr><td>Version</td><td>${version}</td></tr>
 <tr><td>Internet Header Length (IHL)</td><td>${ihl} (${ihl * 4} bytes)</td></tr>
@@ -116,13 +127,19 @@ class ParseIPv4Header extends Operation {
 <tr><td>Protocol</td><td>${protocol}, ${protocolInfo.protocol} (${protocolInfo.keyword})</td></tr>
 <tr><td>Header checksum</td><td>${checksumResult}</td></tr>
 <tr><td>Source IP address</td><td>${ipv4ToStr(srcIP)}</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Destination IP address</td><td>${ipv4ToStr(dstIP)}</td></tr>`;
+<tr><td>Destination IP address</td><td>${ipv4ToStr(dstIP)}</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Data (hex)</td><td>${toHex(data)}</td></tr>`;
 
             if (ihl > 5) {
                 output += `<tr><td>Options</td><td>${toHex(options)}</td></tr>`;
             }
 
             return output + "</table>";
+        } else if (outputFormat === "Data (hex)") {
+            return toHex(data);
+        } else if (outputFormat === "Data (raw)") {
+            return Utils.byteArrayToChars(data);
+        }
     }
 
 }

src/core/operations/RC6Decrypt.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/**
+ * @author Medjedtxm
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2026
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import Utils from "../Utils.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import { toHex } from "../lib/Hex.mjs";
+import { decryptRC6, getBlockSize, getDefaultRounds } from "../lib/RC6.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * RC6 Decrypt operation
+ */
+class RC6Decrypt extends Operation {
+
+    /**
+     * RC6Decrypt constructor
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "RC6 Decrypt";
+        this.module = "Ciphers";
+        this.description = "RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin to meet the requirements of the AES competition, and was one of the five finalists.<br><br>RC6 is parameterised as RC6-w/r/b where w is word size in bits (any multiple of 8 from 8-256), r is the number of rounds (1-255), and b is the key length in bytes. The standard AES submission uses w=32, r=20. Common word sizes: 8, 16, 32 (standard), 64, 128.<br><br><b>IV:</b> The Initialisation Vector should be 4*w/8 bytes (e.g. 16 bytes for w=32). If not entered, it will default to null bytes.<br><br><b>Padding:</b> In CBC and ECB mode, the PKCS#7 padding scheme is used.";
+        this.infoURL = "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/RC6";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "string";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                "name": "Key",
+                "type": "toggleString",
+                "value": "",
+                "toggleValues": ["Hex", "UTF8", "Latin1", "Base64"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "IV",
+                "type": "toggleString",
+                "value": "",
+                "toggleValues": ["Hex", "UTF8", "Latin1", "Base64"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Mode",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["CBC", "CFB", "OFB", "CTR", "ECB"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Input",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["Hex", "Raw"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Output",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["Raw", "Hex"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Padding",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["PKCS5", "NO", "ZERO", "RANDOM", "BIT"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Word Size",
+                "type": "number",
+                "value": 32,
+                "min": 8,
+                "max": 256,
+                "step": 8
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Rounds",
+                "type": "number",
+                "value": 20,
+                "min": 1,
+                "max": 255
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        const key = Utils.convertToByteArray(args[0].string, args[0].option),
+            iv = Utils.convertToByteArray(args[1].string, args[1].option),
+            [,, mode, inputType, outputType, padding, wordSize, rounds] = args;
+
+        // Validate word size
+        if (!Number.isInteger(wordSize) || wordSize < 8 || wordSize > 256 || wordSize % 8 !== 0)
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid word size: ${wordSize}. Must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and 256.`);
+
+        const blockSize = getBlockSize(wordSize);
+        const defaultRounds = getDefaultRounds(wordSize);
+
+        if (iv.length !== blockSize && iv.length !== 0 && mode !== "ECB")
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid IV length: ${iv.length} bytes
+
+RC6-${wordSize} uses an IV length of ${blockSize} bytes (${blockSize * 8} bits).
+Make sure you have specified the type correctly (e.g. Hex vs UTF8).`);
+
+        if (!Number.isInteger(rounds) || rounds < 1 || rounds > 255)
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid number of rounds: ${rounds}
+
+Rounds must be an integer between 1 and 255. Standard for w=${wordSize} is ${defaultRounds}.`);
+
+        // Default IV to null bytes if empty (like AES)
+        const actualIv = iv.length === 0 ? new Array(blockSize).fill(0) : iv;
+
+        input = Utils.convertToByteArray(input, inputType);
+        const output = decryptRC6(input, key, actualIv, mode, padding, rounds, wordSize);
+        return outputType === "Hex" ? toHex(output, "") : Utils.byteArrayToUtf8(output);
+    }
+
+}
+
+export default RC6Decrypt;

src/core/operations/RC6Encrypt.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/**
+ * @author Medjedtxm
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2026
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import Utils from "../Utils.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+import { toHex } from "../lib/Hex.mjs";
+import { encryptRC6, getBlockSize, getDefaultRounds } from "../lib/RC6.mjs";
+
+/**
+ * RC6 Encrypt operation
+ */
+class RC6Encrypt extends Operation {
+
+    /**
+     * RC6Encrypt constructor
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.name = "RC6 Encrypt";
+        this.module = "Ciphers";
+        this.description = "RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin to meet the requirements of the AES competition, and was one of the five finalists.<br><br>RC6 is parameterised as RC6-w/r/b where w is word size in bits (any multiple of 8 from 8-256), r is the number of rounds (1-255), and b is the key length in bytes. The standard AES submission uses w=32, r=20. Common word sizes: 8, 16, 32 (standard), 64, 128.<br><br><b>IV:</b> The Initialisation Vector should be 4*w/8 bytes (e.g. 16 bytes for w=32). If not entered, it will default to null bytes.<br><br><b>Padding:</b> In CBC and ECB mode, the PKCS#7 padding scheme is used.";
+        this.infoURL = "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/RC6";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "string";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                "name": "Key",
+                "type": "toggleString",
+                "value": "",
+                "toggleValues": ["Hex", "UTF8", "Latin1", "Base64"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "IV",
+                "type": "toggleString",
+                "value": "",
+                "toggleValues": ["Hex", "UTF8", "Latin1", "Base64"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Mode",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["CBC", "CFB", "OFB", "CTR", "ECB"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Input",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["Raw", "Hex"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Output",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["Hex", "Raw"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Padding",
+                "type": "option",
+                "value": ["PKCS5", "NO", "ZERO", "RANDOM", "BIT"]
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Word Size",
+                "type": "number",
+                "value": 32,
+                "min": 8,
+                "max": 256,
+                "step": 8
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Rounds",
+                "type": "number",
+                "value": 20,
+                "min": 1,
+                "max": 255
+            }
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        const key = Utils.convertToByteArray(args[0].string, args[0].option),
+            iv = Utils.convertToByteArray(args[1].string, args[1].option),
+            [,, mode, inputType, outputType, padding, wordSize, rounds] = args;
+
+        // Validate word size
+        if (!Number.isInteger(wordSize) || wordSize < 8 || wordSize > 256 || wordSize % 8 !== 0)
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid word size: ${wordSize}. Must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and 256.`);
+
+        const blockSize = getBlockSize(wordSize);
+        const defaultRounds = getDefaultRounds(wordSize);
+
+        if (iv.length !== blockSize && iv.length !== 0 && mode !== "ECB")
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid IV length: ${iv.length} bytes
+
+RC6-${wordSize} uses an IV length of ${blockSize} bytes (${blockSize * 8} bits).
+Make sure you have specified the type correctly (e.g. Hex vs UTF8).`);
+
+        if (!Number.isInteger(rounds) || rounds < 1 || rounds > 255)
+            throw new OperationError(`Invalid number of rounds: ${rounds}
+
+Rounds must be an integer between 1 and 255. Standard for w=${wordSize} is ${defaultRounds}.`);
+
+        // Default IV to null bytes if empty (like AES)
+        const actualIv = iv.length === 0 ? new Array(blockSize).fill(0) : iv;
+
+        input = Utils.convertToByteArray(input, inputType);
+        const output = encryptRC6(input, key, actualIv, mode, padding, rounds, wordSize);
+        return outputType === "Hex" ? toHex(output, "") : Utils.byteArrayToUtf8(output);
+    }
+
+}
+
+export default RC6Encrypt;

src/core/operations/TextIntegerConverter.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/**
+ * @author p-leriche [philip.leriche@cantab.net]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
+
+/* ---------- helper functions ---------- */
+
+/**
+ * Convert text to BigInt (big-endian byte interpretation)
+ */
+function textToBigInt(text) {
+    if (text.length === 0) return 0n;
+
+    let result = 0n;
+    for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+        const charCode = BigInt(text.charCodeAt(i));
+        if (charCode > 255n) {
+            throw new OperationError(
+                `Character at position ${i} exceeds Latin-1 range (0-255).\n` +
+                "Only ASCII and Latin-1 characters are supported.");
+        }
+        result = (result << 8n) | charCode;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert BigInt to text (big-endian byte interpretation)
+ */
+function bigIntToText(value) {
+    if (value === 0n) return "";
+
+    const bytes = [];
+    let num = value;
+
+    while (num > 0n) {
+        bytes.unshift(Number(num & 0xFFn));
+        num >>= 8n;
+    }
+
+    return String.fromCharCode(...bytes);
+}
+
+/* ---------- operation class ---------- */
+
+/**
+ * Text/Integer Converter operation
+ */
+class TextIntegerConverter extends Operation {
+    /**
+     * TextIntegerConverter constructor
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+
+        this.description =
+            "Converts between text strings and large integers (decimal or hexadecimal).<br><br>" +
+            "Text is interpreted as a big-endian sequence of character codes. For example:<br>" +
+            "ABC is 0x414243 (hex) is 4276803 (decimal)<br>" +
+            "<b>Input format detection:</b><br>" +
+            "Decimal: digits 0-9 only<br>" +
+            "Hexadecimal: 0x... prefix<br>" +
+            "Quoted or unquoted text: treated as string<br><br>" +
+            "<b>Character limitations:</b><br>" +
+            "Text input may only contain ASCII and Latin-1 characters (code point < 256).<br>" +
+            "Multi-byte Unicode characters will generate an error.<br><br>." ;
+        this.infoURL = "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness";
+        this.inputType = "string";
+        this.outputType = "string";
+        this.args = [
+            {
+                name: "Output format",
+                type: "option",
+                value: ["String", "Decimal", "Hexadecimal"]
+            }
+        ];
+        this.name = "Text-Integer Conversion";
+        this.module = "Default";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} input
+     * @param {Object[]} args
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    run(input, args) {
+        const outputFormat = args[0];
+        const trimmed = input.trim();
+
+        let bigIntValue;
+
+        if (!trimmed) {
+            // Null input - treat as zero
+            bigIntValue = 0;
+        } else if (/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/i.test(trimmed) ||
+            /^[+-]?[0-9]+$/.test(trimmed)) {
+            // Hex or decimal integer
+            bigIntValue = BigInt(trimmed);
+        } else if (/^["'].*["']$/.test(trimmed)) {
+            // Quoted string: Remove quotes and convert text to BigInt
+            const text = trimmed.slice(1, -1);
+            bigIntValue = textToBigInt(text);
+        } else {
+            // Assume it's unquoted text
+            bigIntValue = textToBigInt(trimmed);
+        }
+
+        // Convert to output format
+        if (outputFormat === "String") {
+            return bigIntToText(bigIntValue);
+        } else if (outputFormat === "Decimal") {
+            return bigIntValue.toString();
+        } else { // Hexadecimal
+            return "0x" + bigIntValue.toString(16);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export default TextIntegerConverter;

src/web/Manager.mjs

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ class Manager {
         // Controls
         document.getElementById("bake").addEventListener("click", this.controls.bakeClick.bind(this.controls));
         document.getElementById("auto-bake").addEventListener("change", this.controls.autoBakeChange.bind(this.controls));
+        document.getElementById("auto-bake").addEventListener("keydown", this.controls.autoBakeKeyboardHandler.bind(this.controls));
         document.getElementById("step").addEventListener("click", this.controls.stepClick.bind(this.controls));
         document.getElementById("clr-recipe").addEventListener("click", this.controls.clearRecipeClick.bind(this.controls));
         document.getElementById("save").addEventListener("click", this.controls.saveClick.bind(this.controls));

src/web/html/index.html

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
         <button type="button" aria-label="Edit Favourites" class="btn btn-warning bmd-btn-icon" id="edit-favourites" data-toggle="tooltip" title="Edit favourites">
             <i class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true">star</i>
         </button>
-        <div id="content-wrapper">
+        <div tabindex="0" id="content-wrapper">
             <div id="banner" class="row">
                 <div class="col" style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;">
                     <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#download-modal" data-help-title="Downloading CyberChef" data-help="<p>CyberChef can be downloaded to run locally or hosted within your own network. It has no server-side component so all that is required is that the ZIP file is uncompressed and the files are accessible.</p><p>As a user, it is worth noting that unofficial versions of CyberChef could have been modified to introduce Input and/or Recipe exfiltration. We recommend always using the official, open source, up-to-date version of CyberChef hosted at <a href='https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef'>https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef</a> if accessible.</p><p>The Network tab in your browser's Developer console (F12) can be used to inspect the network requests made by a website. This can confirm that no data is uploaded when a CyberChef recipe is baked.</p>">Download CyberChef <i class="material-icons">file_download</i></a>
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
                         Operations
                         <span class="op-count"></span>
                     </div>
-                    <input id="search" type="search" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..." autocomplete="off" tabindex="2" data-help-title="Searching for operations" data-help="<p>Use the search box to find useful operations.</p><p>Both operation names and descriptions are queried using a fuzzy matching algorithm.</p>">
+                    <input id="search" type="search" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..." autocomplete="off" tabindex="0" data-help-title="Searching for operations" data-help="<p>Use the search box to find useful operations.</p><p>Both operation names and descriptions are queried using a fuzzy matching algorithm.</p>">
                     <ul id="search-results" class="op-list"></ul>
                     <div id="categories" class="panel-group no-select"></div>
                 </div>
@@ -584,22 +584,22 @@
 
                         <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">
                             <li class="nav-item" role="presentation">
-                                <a class="nav-link active" href="#faqs" aria-controls="profile" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
+                                <a id="tab-1" class="nav-link active" href="#faqs" aria-controls="profile" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
                                     FAQs
                                 </a>
                             </li>
                             <li class="nav-item" role="presentation">
-                                <a class="nav-link" href="#report-bug" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
+                                <a id="tab-2" class="nav-link" href="#report-bug" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
                                     Report a bug
                                 </a>
                             </li>
                             <li class="nav-item" role="presentation">
-                                <a class="nav-link" href="#about" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
+                                <a id="tab-3" class="nav-link" href="#about" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
                                     About
                                 </a>
                             </li>
                             <li class="nav-item" role="presentation">
-                                <a class="nav-link" href="#keybindings" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
+                                <a id="tab-4" class="nav-link" href="#keybindings" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">
                                     Keybindings
                                 </a>
                             </li>

src/web/stylesheets/layout/_banner.css

@@ -26,6 +26,36 @@
     color: var(--banner-url-colour);
 }
 
+#options:focus {
+    background-color: #eef3ec;
+    border: solid black 2px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+#support:focus {
+    background-color: #eef3ec;
+    border: solid black 2px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+#notice:focus {
+    background-color: #eef3ec;
+    border: solid black 2px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+#banner .col a:focus {
+    background-color: #eef3ec;
+    border: solid black 2px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+#notice-wrapper #notice:focus {
+    background-color: #eef3ec;
+    border: solid black 2px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
 #notice-wrapper {
     text-align: center;
     overflow: hidden;

src/web/stylesheets/layout/_modals.css

@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@
     border-left: 2px solid var(--primary-border-colour);
 }
 
+p a:focus {
+    color: #0a6ebd;
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
 .checkbox label input[type=checkbox]+.checkbox-decorator .check,
 .checkbox label input[type=checkbox]+.checkbox-decorator .check::before {
     border-color: var(--input-border-colour);

src/web/stylesheets/utils/_overrides.css

@@ -249,6 +249,13 @@ optgroup {
 }
 
 
+/* Bootstrap form inside CodeMirror editor */
+
+.cm-panel > .bmd-form-group {
+    padding-top: 0;
+}
+
+
 /* CodeMirror */
 
 .ͼ2 .cm-specialChar,

src/web/waiters/ControlsWaiter.mjs

@@ -57,6 +57,18 @@ class ControlsWaiter {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Checks or unchecks the Auto Bake checkbox with "Enter"
+     * @param {Event} ev
+     */
+    autoBakeKeyboardHandler(ev) {
+        const checkBox = document.getElementById("auto-bake");
+        ev.preventDefault();
+        if (ev.key === "Enter" || ev.key === " ") {
+            checkBox.checked = !checkBox.checked;
+        }
+    }
+
 
     /**
      * Handler to trigger baking.
@@ -387,6 +399,18 @@ class ControlsWaiter {
      */
     supportButtonClick(e) {
         e.preventDefault();
+        const faqs = document.getElementById("faqs");
+        const faqsAElement = faqs.getElementsByTagName("a");
+        for (let i = 0; i < faqsAElement.length; i++) {
+            faqsAElement[i].setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
+            faqsAElement[i].addEventListener("keydown", this.navigateFAQList, false);
+        }
+
+        const tabs = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tab"]');
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < tabs.length; i++) {
+            tabs[i].addEventListener("keydown", this.changeTabs, false);
+        }
 
         const reportBugInfo = document.getElementById("report-bug-info");
         const saveLink = this.generateStateUrl(true, true, null, null, "https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/");
@@ -403,6 +427,64 @@ ${navigator.userAgent}
     }
 
 
+    /**
+    * @param {Event} ev
+    */
+    changeTabs(ev) {
+        const tab = ev.target;
+        ev.preventDefault();
+        ev.stopPropagation();
+
+        if (ev.key === "ArrowRight") {
+            const nextTab = tab.parentElement;
+            if (nextTab.nextElementSibling === null) {
+                tab.parentElement.parentElement.firstElementChild.firstElementChild.focus();
+            } else {
+                nextTab.nextElementSibling.firstElementChild.focus();
+            }
+
+        } else if (ev.key === "ArrowLeft") {
+            const prevTab = tab.parentElement;
+
+            if (prevTab.previousElementSibling === null) {
+                tab.parentElement.parentElement.lastElementChild.firstElementChild.focus();
+            } else {
+                prevTab.previousElementSibling.firstElementChild.focus();
+            }
+        } else if (ev.key === "Tab" && !ev.shiftKey && ev.target === document.getElementById("tab-1")) {
+            document.getElementById("faqs").querySelector("[class='btn btn-primary']").focus();
+        } else if (ev.key === "Tab" && !ev.shiftKey && ev.target === document.getElementById("tab-2")) {
+            document.getElementById("report-bug").querySelector("[class='btn btn-primary']").focus();
+        } else if (ev.key === "Tab" && !ev.shiftKey && ev.target === document.getElementById("tab-3")) {
+            document.getElementById("about").querySelector("[href]").focus();
+        } else if (ev.key === "Tab" && !ev.shiftKey && ev.target === document.getElementById("tab-4")) {
+            const button = document.getElementById("support-modal").getElementsByClassName("modal-footer");
+            const close = button[0].firstElementChild;
+            close.focus();
+        } else if (ev.key === "Enter" || ev.key === "Space" || ev.key === " ") {
+            tab.click();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+   * @param {Event} ev
+   */
+    navigateFAQList(ev) {
+
+        const el = ev.target.nextElementSibling;
+        if (ev.key === "Enter" || ev.key === "Space" || ev.key === " ") {
+            ev.preventDefault();
+            const question = el.classList;
+            if (question !== undefined && question.value) {
+                if (!question.value.includes("show")) {
+                    question.add("show");
+                } else if (question.contains("show")) {
+                    question.remove("show");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Shows the stale indicator to show that the input or recipe has changed
      * since the last bake.

tests/browser/02_ops.js

@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ module.exports = {
         testOp(browser, "Analyse hash", "0123456789abcdef", /CRC-64/);
         testOp(browser, "Atbash Cipher", "test input", "gvhg rmkfg");
         // testOp(browser, "Avro to JSON", "test input", "test_output");
+        testOp(browser,
+            [
+                "From Hex", "Avro to JSON"
+            ],
+            "4f626a0104166176726f2e736368656d6196017b2274797065223a227265636f7264222c226e616d65223a22736d616c6c222c226669656c6473223a5b7b226e616d65223a226e616d65222c2274797065223a22737472696e67227d5d7d146176726f2e636f646563086e756c6c004e0247632e3702e5b75cdab9a62f1541020e0c6d796e616d654e0247632e3702e5b75cdab9a62f1541",
+            '{"name":"myname"}\n',
+            [[], [false]]
+        );
         testOp(browser, "BLAKE2b", "test input", "33ebdc8f38177f3f3f334eeb117a84e11f061bbca4db6b8923e5cec85103f59f415551a5d5a933fdb6305dc7bf84671c2540b463dbfa08ee1895cfaa5bd780b5", ["512", "Hex", { "option": "UTF8", "string": "pass" }]);
         testOp(browser, "BLAKE2s", "test input", "defe73d61dfa6e5807e4f9643e159a09ccda6be3c26dcd65f8a9bb38bfc973a7", ["256", "Hex", { "option": "UTF8", "string": "pass" }]);
         testOp(browser, "BSON deserialise", "\u0011\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0002a\u0000\u0005\u0000\u0000\u0000test\u0000\u0000", '{\u000A  "a": "test"\u000A}');
@@ -206,6 +214,7 @@ module.exports = {
         testOpHtml(browser, "Index of Coincidence", "test input", "", /Index of Coincidence: 0.08333333333333333/);
         testOpImage(browser, "Invert Image", "files/Hitchhikers_Guide.jpeg");
     // testOp(browser, "JPath expression", "test input", "test_output");
+        testOp(browser, "Jq", '{"a":{"b":1}}', '{"b":1}', [".a"]);
         testOpHtml(browser, "JSON Beautify", "{a:1}", ".json-dict .json-literal", "1");
         // testOp(browser, "JSON Minify", "test input", "test_output");
     // testOp(browser, "JSON to CSV", "test input", "test_output");
@@ -259,7 +268,7 @@ module.exports = {
         testOpHtml(browser, "Parse colour code", "#000", ".colorpicker-preview", "rgb(0, 0, 0)");
         testOpHtml(browser, "Parse DateTime", "01/12/2000 13:00:00", "", /Date: Friday 1st December 2000/);
         // testOp(browser, "Parse IP range", "test input", "test_output");
-        testOpHtml(browser, "Parse IPv4 header", "45 c0 00 c4 02 89 00 00 ff 11　1e 8c c0 a8 0c 01 c0 a8 0c 02", "tr:last-child td:last-child", "192.168.12.2");
+        testOpHtml(browser, "Parse IPv4 header", "45 c0 00 c4 02 89 00 00 ff 11　1e 8c c0 a8 0c 01 c0 a8 0c 02", "tr:nth-last-child(2) td:last-child", "192.168.12.2");
         // testOp(browser, "Parse IPv6 address", "test input", "test_output");
     // testOp(browser, "Parse ObjectID timestamp", "test input", "test_output");
     // testOp(browser, "Parse QR Code", "test input", "test_output");
@@ -345,6 +354,7 @@ module.exports = {
         // testOp(browser, "Tail", "test input", "test_output");
         // testOp(browser, "Take bytes", "test input", "test_output");
         testOp(browser, "Tar", "test input", /^file\.txt\x00{92}/);
+        testOp(browser, "Template", "{\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2}", "1 2", ["{{ one }} {{ two }}"]);
         testOpHtml(browser, "Text Encoding Brute Force", "test input", "tr:nth-of-type(4) td:last-child", /t\u2400e\u2400s\u2400t\u2400/);
         // testOp(browser, "To BCD", "test input", "test_output");
         // testOp(browser, "To Base", "test input", "test_output");

tests/node/tests/lib/BigIntUtils.mjs

@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ TestRegister.addApiTests([
     it("BigIntUtils: egcd - coprime numbers", () => {
         const [g, x, y] = egcd(BigInt("3"), BigInt("11"));
         assert.strictEqual(g, BigInt("1"));
-        // Verify Bézout identity: a*x + b*y = gcd
+        // Verify Bézout identity: a*x + b*y = gcd
         assert.strictEqual(BigInt("3") * x + BigInt("11") * y, g);
     }),
 
     it("BigIntUtils: egcd - non-coprime numbers", () => {
         const [g, x, y] = egcd(BigInt("240"), BigInt("46"));
         assert.strictEqual(g, BigInt("2"));
-        // Verify Bézout identity
+        // Verify Bézout identity
         assert.strictEqual(BigInt("240") * x + BigInt("46") * y, g);
     }),
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ TestRegister.addApiTests([
     it("BigIntUtils: egcd - identical numbers", () => {
         const [g, x, y] = egcd(BigInt("42"), BigInt("42"));
         assert.strictEqual(g, BigInt("42"));
-        // Verify Bézout identity
+        // Verify Bézout identity
         assert.strictEqual(BigInt("42") * x + BigInt("42") * y, g);
     }),
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ TestRegister.addApiTests([
         const a = BigInt("123456789012345678901234567890");
         const b = BigInt("987654321098765432109876543210");
         const [g, x, y] = egcd(a, b);
-        // Verify Bézout identity
+        // Verify Bézout identity
         assert.strictEqual(a * x + b * y, g);
     }),
 

tests/operations/index.mjs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import { setLongTestFailure, logTestReport } from "../lib/utils.mjs";
 
 import TestRegister from "../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+import "./tests/A1Z26CipherDecode.mjs";
 import "./tests/AESKeyWrap.mjs";
 import "./tests/AlternatingCaps.mjs";
 import "./tests/AvroToJSON.mjs";
@@ -61,10 +62,12 @@ import "./tests/Crypt.mjs";
 import "./tests/CSV.mjs";
 import "./tests/DateTime.mjs";
 import "./tests/DefangIP.mjs";
+import "./tests/DisassembleARM.mjs";
 import "./tests/DropNthBytes.mjs";
 import "./tests/ECDSA.mjs";
 import "./tests/ELFInfo.mjs";
 import "./tests/Enigma.mjs";
+import "./tests/ExtractAudioMetadata.mjs";
 import "./tests/ExtractEmailAddresses.mjs";
 import "./tests/ExtractHashes.mjs";
 import "./tests/ExtractIPAddresses.mjs";
@@ -119,6 +122,7 @@ import "./tests/NetBIOS.mjs";
 import "./tests/NormaliseUnicode.mjs";
 import "./tests/NTLM.mjs";
 import "./tests/OTP.mjs";
+import "./tests/ParseEthernetFrame.mjs";
 import "./tests/ParseIPRange.mjs";
 import "./tests/ParseObjectIDTimestamp.mjs";
 import "./tests/ParseQRCode.mjs";
@@ -153,6 +157,7 @@ import "./tests/Shuffle.mjs";
 import "./tests/SIGABA.mjs";
 import "./tests/SM2.mjs";
 import "./tests/SM4.mjs";
+import "./tests/RC6.mjs";
 // import "./tests/SplitColourChannels.mjs"; // Cannot test operations that use the File type yet
 import "./tests/SQLBeautify.mjs";
 import "./tests/StrUtils.mjs";
@@ -165,6 +170,7 @@ import "./tests/SymmetricDifference.mjs";
 import "./tests/TakeNthBytes.mjs";
 import "./tests/Template.mjs";
 import "./tests/TextEncodingBruteForce.mjs";
+import "./tests/TextIntegerConverter.mjs";
 import "./tests/ToFromInsensitiveRegex.mjs";
 import "./tests/TranslateDateTimeFormat.mjs";
 import "./tests/Typex.mjs";

tests/operations/tests/A1Z26CipherDecode.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * A1Z26 Cipher Decode tests
+ *
+ * @author brick-pixel
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2026
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    {
+        "name": "A1Z26 Cipher Decode: basic decode",
+        "input": "8 5 12 12 15",
+        "expectedOutput": "hello",
+        "recipeConfig": [
+            {
+                "op": "A1Z26 Cipher Decode",
+                "args": ["Space"]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "A1Z26 Cipher Decode: empty input returns empty string",
+        "input": "",
+        "expectedOutput": "",
+        "recipeConfig": [
+            {
+                "op": "A1Z26 Cipher Decode",
+                "args": ["Space"]
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]);

tests/operations/tests/DisassembleARM.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/**
+ * Disassemble ARM tests.
+ *
+ * @author MedjedThomasXM
+ *
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2024
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    // ==================== ARM32 TESTS ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 NOP (mov r0, r0)",
+        input: "00 00 a0 e1",
+        expectedMatch: /mov\s+r0,\s*r0/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 bx lr",
+        input: "1e ff 2f e1",
+        expectedMatch: /bx\s+lr/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 push {fp, lr}",
+        input: "00 48 2d e9",
+        expectedMatch: /push\s+\{fp,\s*lr\}/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 add fp, sp, #4",
+        input: "04 b0 8d e2",
+        expectedMatch: /add\s+fp,\s*sp/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 ldr r0, [r1]",
+        input: "00 00 91 e5",
+        expectedMatch: /ldr\s+r0,\s*\[r1\]/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 str r0, [r1]",
+        input: "00 00 81 e5",
+        expectedMatch: /str\s+r0,\s*\[r1\]/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 bl (branch link)",
+        input: "00 00 00 eb",
+        expectedMatch: /bl\s+/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 mul r0, r1, r2",
+        input: "91 02 00 e0",
+        expectedMatch: /mul\s+r0,\s*r1,\s*r2/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+
+    // ==================== ARM32 THUMB TESTS ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: Thumb mov r0, r0",
+        input: "00 46",
+        expectedMatch: /mov\s+r0,\s*r0/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "Thumb", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: Thumb bx lr",
+        input: "70 47",
+        expectedMatch: /bx\s+lr/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "Thumb", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: Thumb push {r4, lr}",
+        input: "10 b5",
+        expectedMatch: /push\s+\{r4,\s*lr\}/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "Thumb", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: Thumb pop {r4, pc}",
+        input: "10 bd",
+        expectedMatch: /pop\s+\{r4,\s*pc\}/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "Thumb", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+
+    // ==================== ARM64 TESTS ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 ret",
+        input: "c0 03 5f d6",
+        expectedMatch: /ret/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 mov x0, #0",
+        input: "00 00 80 d2",
+        expectedMatch: /mov[z]?\s+x0,\s*#0/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!",
+        input: "fd 7b bf a9",
+        expectedMatch: /stp\s+x29,\s*x30,\s*\[sp/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16",
+        input: "fd 7b c1 a8",
+        expectedMatch: /ldp\s+x29,\s*x30,\s*\[sp\]/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 add x0, x1, x2",
+        input: "20 00 02 8b",
+        expectedMatch: /add\s+x0,\s*x1,\s*x2/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 sub x0, x1, x2",
+        input: "20 00 02 cb",
+        expectedMatch: /sub\s+x0,\s*x1,\s*x2/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 mul x0, x1, x2",
+        input: "20 7c 02 9b",
+        expectedMatch: /mul\s+x0,\s*x1,\s*x2/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 ldr x0, [x1]",
+        input: "20 00 40 f9",
+        expectedMatch: /ldr\s+x0,\s*\[x1\]/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 str x0, [x1]",
+        input: "20 00 00 f9",
+        expectedMatch: /str\s+x0,\s*\[x1\]/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 bl (branch link)",
+        input: "00 00 00 94",
+        expectedMatch: /bl\s+/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 cbz x0",
+        input: "00 00 00 b4",
+        expectedMatch: /cbz\s+x0/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 cbnz x0",
+        input: "00 00 00 b5",
+        expectedMatch: /cbnz\s+x0/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 sub sp, sp, #0x20",
+        input: "ff 83 00 d1",
+        expectedMatch: /sub\s+sp,\s*sp/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 add sp, sp, #0x20",
+        input: "ff 83 00 91",
+        expectedMatch: /add\s+sp,\s*sp/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+
+    // ==================== MULTI-INSTRUCTION TESTS ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 multiple instructions",
+        input: "00 48 2d e9 04 b0 8d e2 00 00 a0 e1 00 88 bd e8",
+        expectedMatch: /push.*\n.*add.*\n.*mov.*\n.*pop/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 function prologue/epilogue",
+        input: "fd 7b bf a9 fd 03 00 91 00 00 80 52 fd 7b c1 a8 c0 03 5f d6",
+        expectedMatch: /stp.*\n.*mov.*\n.*mov.*\n.*ldp.*\n.*ret/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+
+    // ==================== ADDRESS TESTS ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM64 with start address 0x1000",
+        input: "c0 03 5f d6",
+        expectedMatch: /0x00001000/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 4096, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 with start address 0x8000",
+        input: "00 00 a0 e1",
+        expectedMatch: /0x00008000/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 32768, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+
+    // ==================== ENDIANNESS TESTS ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: ARM32 Big Endian",
+        input: "e1 a0 00 00",
+        expectedMatch: /mov\s+r0,\s*r0/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM (32-bit)", "ARM", "Big Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+
+    // ==================== EDGE CASES ====================
+    {
+        name: "Disassemble ARM: Empty input",
+        input: "",
+        expectedOutput: "",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Disassemble ARM",
+                args: ["ARM64 (AArch64)", "ARM", "Little Endian", 0, true, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+]);

tests/operations/tests/ExtractAudioMetadata.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/**
+ * Extract Audio Metadata operation tests.
+ *
+ * @author d0s1nt
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+import {
+    MP3_HEX, WAV_HEX, FLAC_HEX, AAC_HEX,
+    AC3_HEX, OGG_HEX, OPUS_HEX, WMA_HEX,
+    M4A_HEX, AIFF_HEX
+} from "../../samples/Audio.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    // ---- MP3 ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: MP3 container and MIME",
+        input: MP3_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>mp3<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/mpeg<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.mp3", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: MP3 common tags (title, artist)",
+        input: MP3_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*Artist<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.mp3", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: MP3 ID3v2 frames (TIT2, TPE1, TSSE)",
+        input: MP3_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /ID3v2 Frames.*TIT2.*Galway.*TPE1.*Kevin MacLeod.*TSSE.*Lavf56\.40\.101/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.mp3", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: MP3 detections (id3v2)",
+        input: MP3_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Metadata systems<\/td><td>id3v2<\/td>/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.mp3", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- WAV ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WAV container and MIME",
+        input: WAV_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>wav<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/wav<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wav", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WAV RIFF chunks (fmt)",
+        input: WAV_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /RIFF Chunks.*fmt .*16 bytes @ offset 20/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wav", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- FLAC ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: FLAC container and common tags",
+        input: FLAC_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>flac<\/td>.*Title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*Artist<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.flac", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: FLAC metadata blocks (STREAMINFO, VORBIS_COMMENT)",
+        input: FLAC_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /FLAC Metadata Blocks.*STREAMINFO<\/td><td>34 bytes<\/td>.*VORBIS_COMMENT<\/td><td>86 bytes<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.flac", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: FLAC Vorbis comments (vendor, tags)",
+        input: FLAC_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Vorbis Comments.*Vendor<\/td><td>Lavf56\.40\.101<\/td>.*TITLE<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*ARTIST<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>.*ENCODER<\/td><td>Lavf56\.40\.101<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.flac", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: FLAC detections",
+        input: FLAC_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Metadata systems<\/td><td>flac_metablocks, vorbis_comments<\/td>/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.flac", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- AAC ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AAC container and MIME",
+        input: AAC_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>aac<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/aac<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.aac", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AAC ADTS technical fields",
+        input: AAC_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /AAC ADTS.*mpeg_version<\/td><td>MPEG-4<\/td>.*profile<\/td><td>LC<\/td>.*sample_rate<\/td><td>44100<\/td>.*channel_description<\/td><td>stereo<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.aac", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- AC3 ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AC3 container and MIME",
+        input: AC3_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>ac3<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/ac3<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.ac3", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AC3 technical fields (sample rate, bitrate, channels)",
+        input: AC3_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /AC3 \(Dolby Digital\).*sample_rate<\/td><td>44100<\/td>.*bitrate_kbps<\/td><td>192<\/td>.*channel_layout<\/td><td>2\.0 \(L R\)<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.ac3", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- OGG Vorbis ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: OGG container and common tags",
+        input: OGG_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>ogg<\/td>.*Title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*Artist<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.ogg", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: OGG Vorbis comments (vendor, encoder)",
+        input: OGG_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Vorbis Comments.*Vendor<\/td><td>Lavf56\.40\.101<\/td>.*ENCODER<\/td><td>Lavc56\.60\.100 libvorbis<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.ogg", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- Opus ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: Opus container and common tags",
+        input: OPUS_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>opus<\/td>.*Title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*Artist<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.opus", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: Opus Vorbis comments (vendor, encoder)",
+        input: OPUS_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Vorbis Comments.*Vendor<\/td><td>Lavf58\.19\.102<\/td>.*ENCODER<\/td><td>Lavc58\.34\.100 libopus<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.opus", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- WMA/ASF ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WMA container and MIME",
+        input: WMA_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>wma<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/x-ms-wma<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wma", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WMA common tags (title, artist)",
+        input: WMA_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*Artist<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wma", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WMA ASF Content Description",
+        input: WMA_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /ASF Content Description.*title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>.*author<\/td><td>Kevin MacLeod<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wma", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WMA ASF Extended Content (encoding settings)",
+        input: WMA_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /ASF Extended Content.*WM\/EncodingSettings<\/td><td>Lavf56\.40\.101<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wma", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: WMA detections",
+        input: WMA_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Metadata systems<\/td><td>asf_header, asf_content_desc, asf_ext_content_desc<\/td>/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.wma", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- M4A ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: M4A container, MIME and brand",
+        input: M4A_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>m4a<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/mp4<\/td>.*Brand<\/td><td>M4A <\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.m4a", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: M4A top-level atoms (ftyp, mdat)",
+        input: M4A_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /MP4 Top-Level Atoms.*ftyp<\/td>.*mdat<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.m4a", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ---- AIFF ----
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AIFF container, MIME and brand",
+        input: AIFF_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Container<\/td><td>aiff<\/td>.*MIME<\/td><td>audio\/aiff<\/td>.*Brand<\/td><td>AIFF<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.aiff", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AIFF common tag (title from NAME chunk)",
+        input: AIFF_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /Title<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>/,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.aiff", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Extract Audio Metadata: AIFF chunks (NAME)",
+        input: AIFF_HEX,
+        expectedMatch: /AIFF Chunks.*NAME<\/td><td>Galway<\/td>/s,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            { op: "From Hex", args: ["None"] },
+            { op: "Extract Audio Metadata", args: ["test.aiff", 524288] }
+        ]
+    },
+]);

tests/operations/tests/FlaskSession.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/**
+ * Flask Session tests
+ *
+ * @author ThePlayer372-FR []
+ *
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+const validTokenSha1 = "eyJyb2xlIjoic3VwZXJ1c2VyIiwidXNlciI6ImFkbWluIn0.aZ-KEw.E_x6bOhA4GU9t72pMinJUjN-O3I";
+const validTokenSha256 = "eyJyb2xlIjoic3VwZXJ1c2VyIiwidXNlciI6ImFkbWluIn0.aab3Ew.Jsx2DOx_H9anZg0YcvhsASxQ11897EFHeQfS2oja4y8";
+
+const validKey = "mysecretkey";
+const wrongKey = "notTheKey";
+
+const outputObject = {
+    user: "admin",
+    role: "superuser",
+};
+
+const outputVerify = {
+    valid: true,
+    payload: outputObject,
+};
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Decode",
+        input: validTokenSha1,
+        expectedOutput: outputObject,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Decode",
+                args: [
+                    false
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Verify Sha1",
+        input: validTokenSha1,
+        expectedOutput: outputVerify,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha1",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Verify Sha256",
+        input: validTokenSha256,
+        expectedOutput: outputVerify,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha256",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Sign Sha1",
+        input: outputObject,
+        expectedOutput: outputVerify,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Sign",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha1"
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha1",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Sign Sha256",
+        input: outputObject,
+        expectedOutput: outputVerify,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Sign",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha256"
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha256",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Verify Sha1 Wrong Key",
+        input: validTokenSha1,
+        expectedOutput: "Invalid signature!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: wrongKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha1",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Verify Sha256 Wrong Key",
+        input: validTokenSha256,
+        expectedOutput: "Invalid signature!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: wrongKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "cookie-session",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha256",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Verify Sha1 Wrong Salt",
+        input: validTokenSha1,
+        expectedOutput: "Invalid signature!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "notTheSalt",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha1",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Flask Session: Verify Sha256 Wrong Salt",
+        input: validTokenSha256,
+        expectedOutput: "Invalid signature!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Flask Session Verify",
+                args: [
+                    {
+                        string: validKey,
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    {
+                        string: "notTheSalt",
+                        option: "UTF8"
+                    },
+                    "sha256",
+                    false,
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+]);

tests/operations/tests/Jq.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * Jq tests.
+ *
+ * @author  rtpt-romankarwacik [roman.karwacik@redteam-pentesting.de]
+ *
+ */
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    {
+        name: "Get raw JSON Property",
+        input: '{"data": "testString\\u0000"}',
+        expectedOutput: "testString\u0000",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Jq",
+                args: [".data", true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Get JSON Property",
+        input: '{"data": "testString\\u0000"}',
+        expectedOutput: "\"testString\\u0000\"",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Jq",
+                args: [".data", false],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+]);

tests/operations/tests/Modhex.mjs

@@ -147,4 +147,24 @@ dc;ii;hv;ig;hr;hf;dc;he;hj;hv;hv;ie;hg;du",
             }
         ]
     },
+    {
+        name: "Empty input through From Hex and To Modhex returns empty output",
+        input: "",
+        expectedOutput: "",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "From Hex",
+                "args": [
+                    "Auto"
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "To Modhex",
+                "args": [
+                    "Space",
+                    0
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
 ]);

tests/operations/tests/ParseEthernetFrame.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Parse Ethernet frame tests.
+ *
+ * @author tedk [tedk@ted.do]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2017
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    {
+        name: "Parse plain Ethernet frame",
+        input: "000000000000ffffffffffff08004500",
+        expectedOutput: "Source MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\nDestination MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:00\nData:\n45 00",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "Parse Ethernet frame",
+                "args": ["Hex", "Text output"]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    // Example PCAP data from: https://packetlife.net/captures/protocol/vlan/
+    {
+        name: "Parse Ethernet frame with one VLAN tag (802.1q)",
+        input: "01000ccdcdd00013c3dfae188100a0760165aaaa",
+        expectedOutput: "Source MAC: 00:13:c3:df:ae:18\nDestination MAC: 01:00:0c:cd:cd:d0\nVLAN: 118\nData:\naa aa",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "Parse Ethernet frame",
+                "args": ["Hex", "Text output"]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Parse Ethernet frame with two VLAN tags (802.1ad)",
+        input: "0019aa7de688002155c8f13c810000d18100001408004500",
+        expectedOutput: "Source MAC: 00:21:55:c8:f1:3c\nDestination MAC: 00:19:aa:7d:e6:88\nVLAN: 209, 20\nData:\n45 00",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "Parse Ethernet frame",
+                "args": ["Hex", "Text output"]
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]);

tests/operations/tests/RC6.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+/**
+ * RC6 cipher tests.
+ *
+ * Test vectors from the IETF draft:
+ * "Test Vectors for RC6 and RC5"
+ * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-krovetz-rc6-rc5-vectors-00
+ *
+ * @author Medjedtxm
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2026
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-8/12/4
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-8/12/4: IETF vector encrypt",
+        input: "00010203",
+        expectedOutput: "aefc4612",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00010203", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 8, 12
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-8/12/4: IETF vector decrypt",
+        input: "aefc4612",
+        expectedOutput: "00010203",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00010203", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 8, 12
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-16/16/8
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-16/16/8: IETF vector encrypt",
+        input: "0001020304050607",
+        expectedOutput: "2ff0b68eaeffad5b",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "0001020304050607", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 16, 16
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-16/16/8: IETF vector decrypt",
+        input: "2ff0b68eaeffad5b",
+        expectedOutput: "0001020304050607",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "0001020304050607", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 16, 16
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-32/20/16 (AES standard)
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32/20/16: IETF vector encrypt (AES standard)",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f",
+        expectedOutput: "3a96f9c7f6755cfe46f00e3dcd5d2a3c",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32/20/16: IETF vector decrypt (AES standard)",
+        input: "3a96f9c7f6755cfe46f00e3dcd5d2a3c",
+        expectedOutput: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-64/24/24
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-64/24/24: IETF vector encrypt",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f",
+        expectedOutput: "c002de050bd55e5d36864ab9853338e6dc4a1326c6bdaaeb1bc9e4fd67886617",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f1011121314151617", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 64, 24
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-64/24/24: IETF vector decrypt",
+        input: "c002de050bd55e5d36864ab9853338e6dc4a1326c6bdaaeb1bc9e4fd67886617",
+        expectedOutput: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f1011121314151617", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 64, 24
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-128/28/32
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-128/28/32: IETF vector encrypt",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f",
+        expectedOutput: "4ed87c64baffecd4303ee6a79aafaef575b351c024272be70a70b4a392cfc157dba52d529a79e83845bf43d67545383aed3dbf4f0d23640e44cbf6cdaa034dcb",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 128, 28
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-128/28/32: IETF vector decrypt",
+        input: "4ed87c64baffecd4303ee6a79aafaef575b351c024272be70a70b4a392cfc157dba52d529a79e83845bf43d67545383aed3dbf4f0d23640e44cbf6cdaa034dcb",
+        expectedOutput: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 128, 28
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-24/4/0 (non-power-of-2)
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-24/4/0: IETF non-standard vector encrypt (w=24, empty key)",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b",
+        expectedOutput: "0177982579be2ee3303269b9",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 24, 4
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-24/4/0: IETF non-standard vector decrypt (w=24, empty key)",
+        input: "0177982579be2ee3303269b9",
+        expectedOutput: "000102030405060708090a0b",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 24, 4
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // IETF TEST VECTORS - RC6-80/4/12 (non-power-of-2)
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-80/4/12: IETF non-standard vector encrypt (w=80)",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f2021222324252627",
+        expectedOutput: "26d9d6128601d06dec3817d401f1c0ff715473543875da417c2116d1e87c919a49311b00b4e17962",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 80, 4
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-80/4/12: IETF non-standard vector decrypt (w=80)",
+        input: "26d9d6128601d06dec3817d401f1c0ff715473543875da417c2116d1e87c919a49311b00b4e17962",
+        expectedOutput: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f2021222324252627",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 80, 4
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // ADDITIONAL KEY SIZE TESTS - RC6-32 (192-bit and 256-bit keys)
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32/20/24: 192-bit key encrypt",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f",
+        expectedOutput: "a68a14ff1342262a2bbd21f7966615eb",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f1011121314151617", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32/20/32: 256-bit key encrypt",
+        input: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f",
+        expectedOutput: "921c3ecd43d9426a90089334d67aea2e",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Hex", "NO", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // ROUND-TRIP TESTS - One per word size to verify encrypt/decrypt
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-8 Round-trip: CBC mode",
+        input: "Hello World!",
+        expectedOutput: "Hello World!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "mysecret", option: "UTF8" },
+                    { string: "abcd", option: "UTF8" },
+                    "CBC", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 8, 12
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "mysecret", option: "UTF8" },
+                    { string: "abcd", option: "UTF8" },
+                    "CBC", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 8, 12
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-16 Round-trip: CBC mode",
+        input: "The quick brown fox",
+        expectedOutput: "The quick brown fox",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "secretkey1234567", option: "UTF8" },
+                    { string: "initvec!", option: "UTF8" },
+                    "CBC", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 16, 16
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "secretkey1234567", option: "UTF8" },
+                    { string: "initvec!", option: "UTF8" },
+                    "CBC", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 16, 16
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32 Round-trip: CBC mode",
+        input: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
+        expectedOutput: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    "CBC", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 32, 20
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    "CBC", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-64 Round-trip: CBC mode",
+        input: "RC6 with 64-bit words is powerful!",
+        expectedOutput: "RC6 with 64-bit words is powerful!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    "CBC", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 64, 24
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    "CBC", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 64, 24
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "RC6-128 Round-trip: ECB mode",
+        input: "RC6 with 128-bit words provides massive block size for testing purposes!",
+        expectedOutput: "RC6 with 128-bit words provides massive block size for testing purposes!",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 128, 28
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 128, 28
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // STREAM MODES TEST - Verify CFB/OFB/CTR work correctly
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32 Round-trip: CTR mode",
+        input: "CTR mode test message",
+        expectedOutput: "CTR mode test message",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "00000000000000000000000000000001", option: "Hex" },
+                    "CTR", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 32, 20
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "00000000000000000000000000000001", option: "Hex" },
+                    "CTR", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // CUSTOM ROUNDS TEST - Verify non-standard round count works
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32 Round-trip: Custom 8 rounds",
+        input: "Testing custom rounds",
+        expectedOutput: "Testing custom rounds",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 32, 8
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 32, 8
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // EDGE CASE TEST - Padding boundary
+    // ============================================================
+    {
+        name: "RC6-32 Round-trip: Exact block size input",
+        input: "1234567890123456",
+        expectedOutput: "1234567890123456",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Encrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Raw", "Hex", "PKCS5", 32, 20
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "RC6 Decrypt",
+                args: [
+                    { string: "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff", option: "Hex" },
+                    { string: "", option: "Hex" },
+                    "ECB", "Hex", "Raw", "PKCS5", 32, 20
+                ]
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]);

tests/operations/tests/TextIntegerConverter.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/**
+ * Text-Integer Conversion tests.
+ *
+ * @author p-leriche [philip.leriche@cantab.net]
+ *
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion quoted string to decimal",
+        input: "\"ABC\"",
+        expectedOutput: "4276803",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion quoted string to hexadecimal",
+        input: "\"ABC\"",
+        expectedOutput: "0x414243",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Hexadecimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion single quoted string to decimal",
+        input: "'Hello'",
+        expectedOutput: "310939249775",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion decimal to string",
+        input: "4276803",
+        expectedOutput: "ABC",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["String"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion hexadecimal to string",
+        input: "0x48656C6C6F",
+        expectedOutput: "Hello",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["String"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion round-trip string.decimal.string",
+        input: "\"Test\"",
+        expectedOutput: "Test",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["String"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion round-trip string.hex.string",
+        input: "\"CyberChef\"",
+        expectedOutput: "CyberChef",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Hexadecimal"],
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["String"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion implicit round trip string-string Latin-1",
+        input: "U+00FF",
+        expectedOutput: "U+00FF",  // U+00FF (Latin small letter y with diaeresis)
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Unescape Unicode Characters",
+                args: ["U+"],
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["String"],
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Escape Unicode Characters",
+                args: ["U+", false, 4, true],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion unquoted text to decimal",
+        input: "Hi",
+        expectedOutput: "18537",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion single character",
+        input: "\"A\"",
+        expectedOutput: "65",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion hex to decimal conversion",
+        input: "0xFF",
+        expectedOutput: "255",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion decimal to hex conversion",
+        input: "255",
+        expectedOutput: "0xff",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Hexadecimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion large number to string",
+        input: "113091951015816448506195587157728348242683688608116",
+        expectedOutput: "Mary had a little cat",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["String"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion whitespace handling (quoted)",
+        input: "\"  test  \"",
+        expectedOutput: "2314978187545944096",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        name: "Text-Integer Conversion non-Latin1 character in input",
+        input: "61 ce 93 61",
+        expectedOutput:
+`Character at position 1 exceeds Latin-1 range (0-255).
+Only ASCII and Latin-1 characters are supported.`,
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "From Hex",
+                "args": ["Auto"]
+            },
+            {
+                op: "Text-Integer Conversion",
+                args: ["Decimal"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+]);

tests/samples/Audio.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Audio file headers in various formats for use in tests.
+ *
+ * Each constant contains the minimal bytes needed for container
+ * detection and metadata extraction (trimmed from real audio files).
+ *
+ * @author d0s1nt [d0s1nt@cyberchefaudio]
+ * @copyright Crown Copyright 2025
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * MP3 with ID3v2.4 header — title: Galway, artist: Kevin MacLeod
+ * 78 bytes: ID3v2 header + TIT2 + TPE1 + TSSE frames
+ */
+export const MP3_HEX = "4944330400000000004e544954320000000800000347616c77617900545045310000000f0000034b6576696e204d61634c656f6400545353450000000f0000034c61766635362e34302e3130310000000000000000000000";
+
+/**
+ * WAV (RIFF/WAVE) header — 2 channels, 16-bit, 44100 Hz
+ * 48 bytes: RIFF header + fmt chunk + data chunk start
+ */
+export const WAV_HEX = "52494646e69d2a0057415645666d7420100000000100020044ac000010b102000400100064617461489d2a0000000100";
+
+/**
+ * FLAC with streaminfo + Vorbis comment block — title: Galway, artist: Kevin MacLeod
+ * 174 bytes: fLaC magic + STREAMINFO (34 bytes) + VORBIS_COMMENT block (86 bytes)
+ */
+export const FLAC_HEX = "664c6143000000221200120000052e00319f0ac442f0000aa752c925754a50e5f02e117eeb46467e7053040000560d0000004c61766635362e34302e313031030000000c0000007469746c653d47616c776179140000006172746973743d4b6576696e204d61634c656f6415000000656e636f6465723d4c61766635362e34302e313031";
+
+/**
+ * AAC ADTS frame header — MPEG-4, LC profile, 44100 Hz, stereo
+ * 32 bytes: ADTS sync + frame header fields
+ */
+export const AAC_HEX = "fff150800bbffcde02004c61766335382e33342e31303000423590002000001e";
+
+/**
+ * AC3 (Dolby Digital) sync frame header — 44100 Hz, 192 kbps, 2.0 stereo
+ * 32 bytes: AC3 sync word + BSI fields
+ */
+export const AC3_HEX = "0b773968544043e106f575f0d4da1c1ac159850953e549a125736e8d37359d3f";
+
+/**
+ * OGG Vorbis — two OGG pages with identification + comment headers
+ * title: Galway, artist: Kevin MacLeod, vendor: Lavf56.40.101
+ * 281 bytes
+ */
+export const OGG_HEX = "4f6767530002000000000000000027a7032a000000002acbc833011e01766f72626973000000000244ac00000000000080b5010000000000b8014f6767530000000000000000000027a7032a010000007e1abea41168ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0703766f726269730d0000004c61766635362e34302e313031030000001f000000656e636f6465723d4c61766335362e36302e313030206c6962766f726269730c0000007469746c653d47616c776179140000006172746973743d4b6576696e204d61634c656f64";
+
+/**
+ * Opus — two OGG pages with OpusHead + OpusTags headers
+ * title: Galway, artist: Kevin MacLeod, vendor: Lavf58.19.102
+ * 233 bytes
+ */
+export const OPUS_HEX = "4f67675300020000000000000000919a59f200000000f6117eb601134f707573486561640102380180bb00000000004f67675300000000000000000000919a59f201000000b047e56601664f707573546167730d0000004c61766635382e31392e313032030000001d000000656e636f6465723d4c61766335382e33342e313030206c69626f7075730c0000007469746c653d47616c776179140000006172746973743d4b6576696e204d61634c656f64";
+
+/**
+ * WMA/ASF — ASF header with Content Description + Extended Content
+ * title: Galway, author: Kevin MacLeod, encoder: Lavf56.40.101
+ * 700 bytes: ASF Header Object + all sub-objects
+ */
+export const WMA_HEX = "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";
+
+/**
+ * M4A (MPEG-4 Audio) — ftyp atom with brand "M4A ", plus mdat
+ * 512 bytes: ftyp + free + mdat start (moov not included in slice)
+ */
+export const M4A_HEX = "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";
+
+/**
+ * AIFF (FORM/AIFF) header with NAME chunk = "Galway", COMM and SSND chunks
+ * 36 bytes: FORM header + NAME chunk + COMM chunk start
+ */
+export const AIFF_HEX = "464f524d002a9d84414946464e414d450000000647616c776179434f4d4d00000012000200";