76 lines
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76 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Song of Songs';
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 54';
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<p id="Chapter54" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 54
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<p id="Isa54_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,'1-17');">Isa 54:1-17</a>. THE FRUIT OF MESSIAH'S SUFFERINGS, AND OF ISRAEL'S FINAL PENITENCE AT HER PAST UNBELIEF (ISAIAH 53:6): HER JOYFUL RESTORATION AND ENLARGEMENT BY JEHOVAH, WHOSE WRATH WAS MOMENTARY, BUT HIS KINDNESS EVERLASTING.
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<p>Israel converted is compared to a wife (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,5);">Isa 54:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,5);">Isa 62:5</a>) put away for unfaithfulness, but now forgiven and taken home again. The converted Gentiles are represented as a new progeny of the long-forsaken but now restored wife. The pre-eminence of the Hebrew Church as the mother Church of Christendom is the leading idea; the conversion of the Gentiles is mentioned only as part of her felicity [HORSLEY].
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<p><b>1. Sing</b>—for joy (<a onclick="return mV('Zep',3,14);">Zep 3:14</a>).
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<br><br><b>barren</b>—the Jewish Church once forsaken by God, and therefore during that time destitute of spiritual children (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,6);">Isa 54:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>didst not bear</b>—during the Babylonian exile primarily. Secondarily, and chiefly, during Israel's present dispersion.
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<br><br><b>the children</b>—the Gentiles adopted by special grace into the original Church (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,3);">Isa 54:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,20,21);">Isa 49:20-21</a>).
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<br><br><b>than...married wife</b>—than were her spiritual children, when Israel was still a married wife (under the law, before the Babylonian exile), before God put her away [MAURER]. So Paul contrasts the universal Church of the New Testament with the Church of the Old Testament legal dispensation, quoting this very passage (<a onclick="return mV('Gal',4,27);">Gal 4:27</a>). But the full accomplishment of it is yet future.
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<p id="Isa54_2"><b>2.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,19,20);">Isa 49:19-20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',31,'31-36',38,39);">Jer 31:31-36, 38-39</a>). Thy children shall be so many that thy borders must be extended to contain them.
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<br><br><b>curtains</b>—the cloth forming the covering of the tent.
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<br><br><b>spare not</b>—give abundantly the means for the enlargement of the Church (<a onclick="return mV('2Cr',9,'5-7');">2Cr 9:5-7</a>).
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<br><br><b>cords...stakes</b>—The more the tent is enlarged by lengthening the cords by which the cloth covering is fastened to the ground, the more the stakes supporting the tent need to be strengthened; the Church is not merely to seek new converts, but to strengthen those she has in the faith. The image is appropriate, as the tabernacle was the symbol of the old Israelitish Church (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa033.html#Isa33_20">Isa 33:20</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_3"><b>3. break forth</b>—rather, "burst forth" with increase; thy offspring shall grow, answering to "thy seed" in the parallel clause.
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<br><br><b>thy seed</b>—Israel and her children, as distinguished from "the Gentiles."
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<br><br><b>desolate cities</b>—of Israel (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',44,26);">Isa 44:26</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_4"><b>4.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',41,10,14);">Isa 41:10, 14</a>).
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<br><br><b>shame of thy youth</b>—Israel's <i>unfaithfulness</i> as wife of Jehovah, almost from her <i>earliest</i> history.
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<br><br><b>reproach of widowhood</b>—Israel's punishment in her consequent dismissal from God and barrenness of spiritual children in Babylon and her present dispersion (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,1);">Isa 54:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,21);">Isa 49:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,24,25);">Jer 3:24-25</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer', 331 19);">31:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',2,'2-5');">Hsa 2:2-5</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_5"><b>5.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,5);">Isa 62:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,14);">Jer 3:14</a>). That God was Israel's "Maker," both as individuals and as the theocratic kingdom, is the pledge of assurance that He will be her Redeemer (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',43,'1-3');">Isa 43:1-3</a>). <i>Hebrew,</i> "<i>makers...husbands</i>"; <i>plural</i> for <i>singular,</i> to denote excellency.
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<br><br><b>of Israel...whole earth</b>—Not until He manifests Himself as God <i>of Israel</i> shall He appear as God <i>of the whole earth</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,13,15,16);">Psa 102:13, 15-16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,5,9);">Zec 14:5, 9</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_6"><b>6. called</b>—that is, recalled: the prophetic past for the future.
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<br><br><b>forsaken</b>—that <i>had been</i> forsaken.
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<br><br><b>when thou</b>—or, "when she was rejected"; one who had been a wife of youth (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',16,8,22,60);">Eze 16:8, 22, 60</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',2,2);">Jer 2:2</a>) at the time when (<i>thou,</i> or) she was rejected for infidelity [MAURER]. "A wife of youth <i>but afterwards</i> rejected" [LOWTH].
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<p id="Isa54_7"><b>7. small moment</b>—as compared with Israel's coming long prosperity (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,20);">Isa 26:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,10);">60:10</a>). So the spiritual Israel (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',30,5);">Psa 30:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Cr',4,17);">2Cr 4:17</a>).
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<br><br><b>gather thee</b>—to Myself from thy dispersions.
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<p id="Isa54_8"><b>8. In a little wrath</b>—rather, "In the overflowing of wrath"; as <a onclick="return mV('Pro',27,4);">Pro 27:4</a>, <i>Margin,</i> [GESENIUS]. The wrath, though but "for a moment," was overflowing while it lasted.
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<br><br><b>hid...face</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,17);">Isa 8:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',30,7);">Psa 30:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>everlasting</b>—in contrast to "for a moment."
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<p id="Isa54_9"><b>9.</b> I am about to do the same in this instance as in Noah's flood. As I swore then that it should not return (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',8,21);">Gen 8:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gen',9,11);">9:11</a>), and I kept that promise, so I swear now to My people, and will perform My promise, that there shall be no return of the deluge of My wrath upon them. LOWTH, on insufficient authority, reads (the same will I do now as), "in the days of Noah."
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<p id="Isa54_10"><b>10.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,6);">Isa 51:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',89,33,34);">Psa 89:33-34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',11,29);">Rom 11:29</a>).
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<br><br><b>covenant of my peace</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',23,5);">2Sa 23:5</a>). The covenant whereby I have made thee at peace with Me.
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<p id="Isa54_11"><b>11. not comforted</b>—by anyone; none gave her help or comfort.
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<br><br><b>lay...with fair colours</b>—rather, "lay ...in cement of <i>vermilion</i>" [LOWTH]. The <i>Hebrew</i> for "fair colors" means <i>stibium,</i> the paint with which Eastern women painted their eyelids and eyelashes (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',9,30);">2Ki 9:30</a>). The very cement shall be of the most beautiful color (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',21,'18-21');">Rev 21:18-21</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_12"><b>12. windows</b>—rather, "battlements"; literally, "suns"; applied to battlements from their <i>radiated</i> appearance.
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<br><br><b>agates</b>—rather, "rubies."
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<br><br><b>carbuncles</b>—literally, "sparkling gems"; the carbuncle when held to the sun becomes like a burning coal.
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<br><br><b>all thy borders</b>—rather, "thy whole circuit," consisting of <i>precious stones.</i> The glory of the Church on earth, when the Hebrew Church, according to the original design, shall be the metropolis of Christendom.
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<p id="Isa54_13"><b>13.</b> Quoted by the Saviour (<a onclick="return mV('Jhn',6,45);">Jhn 6:45</a>), to prove that in order to come to Him, men must be "drawn" by the Father. So <a onclick="return mV('Jer',31,34);">Jer 31:34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',4,2);">Mic 4:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Cr',2,10);">1Cr 2:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',8,10);">Hbr 8:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',10,16);">10:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Jo',2,20);">1Jo 2:20</a>.
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<br><br><b>great...peace</b>—generally (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',119,165);">Psa 119:165</a>). Specially referring to the <i>peaceful prosperity</i> which shall prevail under Messiah in the latter days (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,4);">Isa 2:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,6);">9:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_14"><b>14. righteousness</b>—the characteristic of the reign of Messiah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,4,5);">Isa 11:4-5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',72,2,4);">Psa 72:2, 4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,11);">Rev 19:11</a>).
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<br><br><b>far from oppression,</b> etc.—far from <i>suffering oppression;</i> "for thou shall have nothing to fear."
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<p id="Isa54_15"><b>15. gather together,</b> etc.—that is, If it should happen that enemies "gather together" against thee (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',2,2);">Psa 2:2</a>), they will <i>not</i> have been sent <i>by Me</i> (compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,4);">Hsa 8:4</a>) as instruments of My wrath (nay, it <i>will</i> be with My disapproval); for "whosoever shall gather together," etc. (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',59,3);">Psa 59:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>fall for thy sake</b>—rather, "shall come over to thy side" [LOWTH]. Literally, "<i>fall</i> to thee" (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',21,9);">Jer 21:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',39,9);">39:9</a>). To be <i>fully</i> fulfilled to Jerusalem hereafter (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,16);">Zec 14:16</a>).
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<p id="Isa54_16"><b>16.</b> The workman that forms "weapons against thee" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,17);">Isa 54:17</a>) is wholly in My power, therefore thou needest not fear, having Me on thy side.
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<br><br><b>for his work</b>—rather, "by his labor [HORSLEY]. "According to the exigencies of his work" [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>waster to destroy</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,'5-7');">Isa 10:5-7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,26,27);">37:26-27</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',45,'1-6');">45:1-6</a>). Desolating conquerors who use the "instruments" framed by "the smith." The repetition of the "I" implies, however, something in the latter half of the verse contrasted with the former understand it, therefore, thus: "I have in My power both him who frames arms and him who destroys <i>them</i> (arms)" [ROSENMULLER].
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<p id="Isa54_17"><b>17. tongue...condemn</b>—image from a court of justice. Those who desire to "condemn" thee <i>thou</i> shalt "condemn" (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',11,7);">Exd 11:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jos',10,21);">Jos 10:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',64,8);">Psa 64:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',8,1,33);">Rom 8:1, 33</a>).
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<br><br><b>righteousness...of me</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',45,24);">Isa 45:24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',46,13);">46:13</a>). Rather, "(this is) their justification from Me." Their enemies would "condemn" them, but I justify and vindicate them, and so they condemn their enemies.
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