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83 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Song of Songs';
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NextBook = 'Jeremiah';
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 34';
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<p id="Chapter34" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br >CHAPTER 34
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<p id="Isa34_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',34,'1-17');">Isa 34:1-17</a>. JUDGMENT ON IDUMEA.
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<p>The thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth chapters form one prophecy, the former part of which denounces God's judgment against His people's enemies, of whom Edom is the representative; the second part, of the flourishing state of the Church consequent on those judgments. This forms the termination of the prophecies of the first part of Isaiah (the thirty-sixth through thirty-ninth chapters being historical) and is a kind of summary of what went before, setting forth the one main truth, <i>Israel shall be delivered from all its foes, and happier times shall succeed under Messiah.</i>
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<p><b>1.</b> All creation is summoned to hear God's judgments (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',6,3);">Eze 6:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,1);">Deu 32:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',50,4);">Psa 50:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',6,1,2);">Mic 6:1-2</a>), for they set forth His glory, which is the end of creation (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',15,3);">Rev 15:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',4,11);">4:11</a>).
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<br><br><b>that come forth of it</b>—answering to "all that is therein"; or <i>Hebrew,</i> "all whatever fills it," <i>Margin.</i>
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<p id="Isa34_2"><b>2. utterly destroyed</b>—rather, "doomed them to an utter curse" [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>delivered</b>—rather, "appointed."
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<p id="Isa34_3"><b>3. cast out</b>—unburied (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,19);">Isa 14:19</a>).
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<br><br><b>melted</b>—washed away as with a descending torrent.
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<p id="Isa34_4"><b>4.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,26);">Psa 102:26</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Joe',2,31);">Joe 2:31</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Joe',3,15);">3:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mat',24,29);">Mat 24:29</a>).
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<br><br><b>dissolved</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('2Pe',3,'10-12');">2Pe 3:10-12</a>) Violent convulsions of nature are in Scripture made the <i>images</i> of great changes in the human world (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',24,'19-21');">Isa 24:19-21</a>), and shall <i>literally</i> accompany them at the winding up of the present dispensation.
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<br><br><b>scroll</b>—Books were in those days sheets of parchment rolled together (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',6,14);">Rev 6:14</a>).
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<br><br><b>fail down</b>—The stars shall fall when the heavens in which they are fixed pass away.
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<br><br><b>fig tree</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',6,13);">Rev 6:13</a>).
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<p id="Isa34_5"><b>5. sword</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',46,10);">Jer 46:10</a>). Or else, <i>knife</i> for sacrifice for God does not here appear as a warrior with His sword, but as one about to sacrifice victims doomed to slaughter [VITRINGA], (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',39,17);">Eze 39:17</a>).
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<br><br><b>bathed</b>—rather "intoxicated," namely, with anger (so <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,42);">Deu 32:42</a>). "In heaven" implies the place where God's <i>purpose</i> of wrath is formed in antithesis to its "coming down" in the next clause.
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<br><br><b>Idumea</b>—originally extending from the Dead Sea to the Red Sea; afterwards they obtained possession of the country east of Moab, of which Bozrah was capital. Petra or Selah, called Joktheel (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',14,7);">2Ki 14:7</a>), was capital of South Edom (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa016.html#Isa16_1">Isa 16:1</a>). David subjugated Edom (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',8,13,14);">2Sa 8:13-14</a>). Under Jehoram they regained independence (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',21,8);">2Ch 21:8</a>). Under Amaziah they were again subdued, and Selah taken (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',14,7);">2Ki 14:7</a>). When Judah was captive in Babylon, Edom, in every way, insulted over her fallen mistress, killed many of those Jews whom the Chaldeans had left, and hence was held guilty of fratricide by God (Esau, their ancestor, having been brother to Jacob): this was the cause of the denunciations of the prophets against Edom <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,1);">Isa 63:1</a>, etc. <a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,7);">Jer 49:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',25,'12-14');">Eze 25:12-14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',35,'3-15');">35:3-15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Joe',3,19);">Joe 3:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Amo',1,11,12);">Amo 1:11-12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Oba',1,8,10,'12-18');">Oba 1:8, 10,'12-18'</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mal',1,3,4);">Mal 1:3-4</a>). Nebuchadnezzar humbled Idumea accordingly (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',25,'15-21');">Jer 25:15-21</a>).
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<br><br><b>of my curse</b>—that is, doomed to it.
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<br><br><b>to judgment</b>—that is, to execute it.
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<p id="Isa34_6"><b>6. filled</b>—glutted. The image of a sacrifice is continued.
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<br><br><b>blood...fat</b>—the parts especially devoted to God in a sacrifice (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',1,22);">2Sa 1:22</a>).
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<br><br><b>lambs...goats</b>—<i>sacrificial</i> animals: the Idumeans, of all classes, doomed to slaughter, are meant (<a onclick="return mV('Zep',1,7);">Zep 1:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>Bozrah</b>—called <i>Bostra</i> by the Romans, etc., assigned in <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,24);">Jer 48:24</a> to Moab, so that it seems to have been at one time in the dominion of Edom, and at another in that of Moab (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,1);">Isa 63:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,13,20,22);">Jer 49:13, 20, 22</a>); it was strictly not in Edom, but the capital of Auranitis (the <i>Houran</i>). Edom seems to have extended its dominion so as to include it (compare <a onclick="return mV('Lam',4,21);">Lam 4:21</a>).
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<p id="Isa34_7"><b>7. unicorns</b>—<i>Hebrew, reem:</i> conveying the idea of loftiness, power, and pre-eminence (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Job/Job039.html#Job39_9">Job 39:9</a>), in the Bible. At one time the image in the term answers to a reality in nature; at another it symbolizes an abstraction. The rhinoceros was the original type. The Arab <i>rim</i> is two-horned: it was the oryx (the <i>leucoryx,</i> antelope, bold and pugnacious); but when accident or artifice deprived it of one horn, the notion of the unicorn arose. Here is meant the portion of the Edomites which was strong and warlike.
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<br><br><b>come down</b>—rather, "fall down," slain [LOWTH].
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<br><br><b>with them</b>—with the "lambs and goats," the less powerful Edomites (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',34,6);">Isa 34:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>bullocks...bulls</b>—the young and old Edomites: <i>all</i> classes.
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<br><br><b>dust</b>—ground.
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<p id="Isa34_8"><b>8. recompenses for the controversy of Zion</b>—that is, the year when God will retaliate on those who have contended with Zion. Her controversy is <i>His.</i> Edom had thought to extend its borders by laying hold of its neighbor's lands and has instigated Babylon to cruelty towards fallen Judah (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',137,7);">Psa 137:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',36,5);">Eze 36:5</a>); therefore Edom shall suffer the same herself (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',4,21,22);">Lam 4:21-22</a>). The final winding up of the controversy between God and all enemies of Him and His people is also foreshadowed (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',61,2);">Isa 61:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,4);">63:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,'14-16');">66:14-16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mal',4,1,3);">Mal 4:1, 3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Th',1,7,8,9);">2Th 1:7-9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',11,18);">Rev 11:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',18,20);">18:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,2);">19:2</a>).
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<p id="Isa34_9"><b>9.</b> Images from the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',19,'24-28');">Gen 19:24-28</a>; so <a onclick="return mV('Deu',29,23);">Deu 29:23</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,17,18);">Jer 49:17-18</a>).
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<p id="Isa34_10"><b>10. It</b>—The burning pitch, etc. (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',34,9);">Isa 34:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>smoke...for ever</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',14,11);">Rev 14:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',18,18);">18:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,3);">19:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>generation to generation</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Mal',1,4);">Mal 1:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>none...pass through</b>—Edom's original offense was: they would not let Israel <i>pass through</i> their land in peace to Canaan: God <i>recompenses</i> them in kind, no traveller shall <i>pass through</i> Edom. VOLNEY, the infidel, was forced to confirm the truth of this prophecy: "From the reports of the Arabs, southeast of the Dead Sea, <i>within three days' journey</i> are upwards of thirty ruined towns, <i>absolutely deserted.</i>"
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<p id="Isa34_11"><b>11. cormorant</b>—The <i>Hebrew</i> is rendered, in <a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,6);">Psa 102:6</a>, "pelican," which is a seafowl, and cannot be meant here: some waterfowl (<i>katta,</i> according to BURCKHARDT) that tenants desert places is intended.
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<br><br><b>bittern</b>—rather, "the hedgehog," or "porcupine" [GESENIUS] (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,23);">Isa 14:23</a>).
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<br><br><b>owl</b>—from its being enumerated among water birds in <a onclick="return mV('Lev',11,17);">Lev 11:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',14,16);">Deu 14:16</a>. MAURER thinks rather the heron or crane is meant; from a <i>Hebrew</i> root, "to blow," as it utters a sound like the blowing of a horn (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',18,2);">Rev 18:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>confusion</b>—devastation.
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<br><br><b>line...stones</b>—metaphor from an architect with line and <i>plummet-stone</i> (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa018.html#Isa18_2">Isa 18:2</a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa028.html#Isa28_17">Isa 28:17</a>); God will render to it the <i>exact measure of justice</i> without mercy (<a onclick="return mV('Jam',2,13);">Jam 2:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Ki',21,13);">2Ki 21:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,8);">Lam 2:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Amo',7,7,8);">Amo 7:7-8</a>).
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<br><br><b>emptiness</b>—desolation. Edom is now a waste of "stones."
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<p id="Isa34_12"><b>12.</b> Rather, "As to her nobles, there shall be none there who shall declare a kingdom," that is, a king [MAURER]; Or else, "There shall be no one there whom they shall call to the kingdom" [ROSENMULLER] (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,6);">Isa 3:6</a>, etc.). Idumea was at first governed by dukes (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',36,15);">Gen 36:15</a>); out of them the king wan chosen when the constitution became a monarchy.
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<p id="Isa34_13"><b>13. dragons</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa013.html#Isa13_21">Isa 13:21</a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa013.html#Isa13_22">22</a>).
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<br><br><b>court for owls</b>—rather, "a dwelling for ostriches."
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<p id="Isa34_14"><b>14. wild beasts of the desert...island</b>—rather, "wild cats...jackals" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',13,21);">Isa 13:21</a>).
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<br><br><b>screech owl</b>—rather, "the night specter"; in Jewish superstition a female, elegantly dressed, that carried off children by night. The text does not assert the <i>existence</i> of such objects of superstition, but describes the place as one which superstition would people with such beings.
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<p id="Isa34_15"><b>15. great owl</b>—rather, "the arrow snake," so called from its darting on its prey [GESENIUS].
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<br><br><b>lay</b>—namely, eggs.
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<br><br><b>gather under her shadow</b>—rather, "cherishes" her young under, etc. (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',17,11);">Jer 17:11</a>).
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<p id="Isa34_16"><b>16. book of the Lord</b>—the volume in which the various prophecies and other parts of Scripture began henceforward to be collected together (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,8);">Isa 30:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',9,2);">Dan 9:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>Seek</b>—(so <a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,16,20);">Isa 8:16, 20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',5,39);">Jhn 5:39</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',7,52);">7:52</a>).
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<br><br><b>no one...fail</b>—of these prophecies (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',5,18);">Mat 5:18</a>).
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<br><br><b>none shall want...mate</b>—image from <i>pairing</i> of animals mentioned, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',34,15);">Isa 34:15</a> ("mate"); no prediction shall want a fulfilment as its companion. Or rather, "none of these wild animals (just spoken of) shall be wanting: none shall be without its mate" to pair and breed with, in desolate Idumea.
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<br><br><b>my...his</b>—Such changes of person are frequent in <i>Hebrew poetry.</i>
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<br><br><b>them</b>—the wild beasts.
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<p id="Isa34_17"><b>17. cast...lot</b>—As conquerors apportion lands by lot, so Jehovah has appointed and marked out ("divided") Edom for the wild beasts (<a onclick="return mV('Num',26,55,56);">Num 26:55-56</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jos',18,'4-6');">Jos 18:4-6</a>).
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