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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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<p id="Chapter33" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 33
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<p id="Isa33_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,'1-24');">Isa 33:1-24</a>. THE LAST OF ISAIAH'S PROPHECIES AS TO SENNACHERIB'S OVERTHROW.
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<p><a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,1,8,9);">Isa 33:1, 8-9</a>, describe the Assyrian spoiler; strong as he is, he shall fall before Jehovah who is stronger (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,'2-6','10-12');">Isa 33:2-6, 10-12</a>). The time is the autumn of 713 B.C.
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<p><b>1. and thou</b>—that is, though thou wast not spoiled—though thou wast not dealt treacherously with (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa024.html#Isa24_16">Isa 24:16</a>), thy spoiling and treachery are therefore without excuse, being unprovoked.
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<br><br><b>cease</b>—When God has let thee do thy worst, in execution of His plans, thine own turn shall come (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,12);">Isa 10:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,2);">14:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hab',2,8);">Hab 2:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,10);">Rev 13:10</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_2"><b>2. us; we...their...our</b>—He speaks interceding for His people, separating himself in thought for a moment from them, and immediately returns to his natural identification with them in the word "our."
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<br><br><b>every morning</b>—each day as it dawns, especially during our danger, as the parallel "time of trouble" shows.
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<p id="Isa33_3"><b>3. the tumult</b>—the approach of Jehovah is likened to an advancing thunderstorm (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',29,6);">Isa 29:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,27);">30:27</a>), which is His voice (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',1,15);">Rev 1:15</a>), causing the people to "flee."
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<br><br><b>nation</b>—the Assyrian levies.
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<p id="Isa33_4"><b>4.</b> The invaders' "spoil" shall be left behind by them in their flight, and the Jews shall gather it.
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<br><br><b>caterpillar</b>—rather, "the wingless locust"; as it gathers; the <i>Hebrew</i> word for "gathers" is properly used of the gathering of the fruits of harvest (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',32,10);">Isa 32:10</a>).
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<br><br><b>running to and fro</b>—namely, in gathering harvest fruits.
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<br><br><b>he</b>—rather, "they."
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<br><br><b>them</b>—rather, "it," that is, the prey.
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<p id="Isa33_6"><b>6. wisdom</b>—sacred; that is, piety.
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<br><br><b>thy</b>—Hezekiah's; or rather, "Judea's." "His" refers to the same; such changes from the pronoun possessive of the second person to that of the third are common in <i>Hebrew poetry.</i>
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<br><br><b>treasure</b>—Not so much material wealth as piety shall constitute the riches of the nation (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',10,22);">Pro 10:22</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',15,16);">15:16</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_7"><b>7-9.</b> From the vision of future glory Isaiah returns to the disastrous present; the grief of "the valiant ones" (parallel to, and identical with, "the ambassadors of peace"), men of rank, sent with presents to sue for peace, but standing "without" the enemy's camp, their suit being rejected (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,14,18,37);">2Ki 18:14, 18, 37</a>). The highways deserted through fear, the cities insulted, the lands devastated.
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<br><br><b>cry</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',15,4);">Isa 15:4</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_8"><b>8. broken...covenant</b>—When Sennacherib invaded Judea, Hezekiah paid him a large sum to leave the land; Sennacherib received the money and yet sent his army against Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,14,17);">2Ki 18:14, 17</a>).
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<br><br><b>despised</b>—make slight of as unable to resist him (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,9);">Isa 10:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',36,19);">36:19</a>); easily captures them.
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<p id="Isa33_9"><b>9.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',24,4);">Isa 24:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>Lebanon</b>—personified; the allusion may be to the Assyrian cutting down its choice trees (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,8);">Isa 14:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,24);">37:24</a>).
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<br><br><b>Sharon</b>—south of Carmel, along the Mediterranean, proverbial for fertility (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',35,2);">Isa 35:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>Bashan</b>—afterwards called Batanea (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,13);">Isa 2:13</a>).
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<br><br><b>fruits</b>—rather, understand "leaves"; they lie as desolate as in winter.
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<p id="Isa33_10"><b>10.</b> The sight of His people's misery arouses Jehovah; He has let the enemy go far enough.
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<br><br><b>I</b>—emphatic; God Himself will do what man could not.
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<p id="Isa33_11"><b>11. Ye</b>—the enemy.
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<br><br><b>conceive chaff</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,18);">Isa 26:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',59,4);">59:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>your breath</b>—rather, <i>your own spirit</i> of anger and ambition [MAURER], (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,28);">Isa 30:28</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_12"><b>12.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,19);">Isa 9:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Amo',2,1);">Amo 2:1</a>). Perhaps alluding to their being about to be burnt on the funeral pyre (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,33);">Isa 30:33</a>).
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<br><br><b>thorns</b>—the wicked (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',23,6,7);">2Sa 23:6-7</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_13"><b>13. far off</b>—distant nations.
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<br><br><b>near</b>—the Jews and adjoining peoples (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,1);">Isa 49:1</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_14"><b>14. sinners in Zion</b>—false professors of religion among the elect people (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',22,12);">Mat 22:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>hypocrites</b>—rather, "the profane"; "the abandoned" [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>who,</b> etc.—If Jehovah's wrath could thus consume such a host in one night, who could abide it, if continued for ever (<a onclick="return mV('Mar',9,'46-48');">Mar 9:46-48</a>)? Fire is a common image for the divine judgments (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',29,6);">Isa 29:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,30);">30:30</a>).
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<br><br><b>among us</b>—If such awful judgments have fallen on those who knew not the true God, how infinitely worse shall fall on <i>us</i> who, amid religious privileges and profession, sin against God, (<a onclick="return mV('Luk',12,47,48);">Luk 12:47-48</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jam',4,17);">Jam 4:17</a>)?
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<p id="Isa33_15"><b>15.</b> In contrast to the trembling "sinners in Zion" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,14);">Isa 33:14</a>), the righteous shall be secure amid all judgments; they are described according to the Old Testament standpoint of righteousness (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',15,2);">Psa 15:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',24,4);">24:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>stoppeth...ears...eyes</b>—"Rejoiceth not in iniquity" (<a onclick="return mV('1Cr',13,6);">1Cr 13:6</a>; contrast <a onclick="return mV('Isa',29,20);">Isa 29:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',10,3);">Psa 10:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',1,32);">Rom 1:32</a>). The senses are avenues for the entrance of sin (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',119,37);">Psa 119:37</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_16"><b>16. on high</b>—heights inaccessible to the foe (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,1);">Isa 26:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>bread...waters</b>—image from the expected siege by Sennacherib; however besieged by trials without, the godly shall have literal and spiritual food, as God sees good for them (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',41,17);">Isa 41:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',37,25);">Psa 37:25</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',34,10);">34:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',132,15);">132:15</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_17"><b>17. Thine</b>—the saints'.
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<br><br><b>king in...beauty</b>—not as now, Hezekiah in sackcloth, oppressed by the enemy, but King Messiah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',32,1);">Isa 32:1</a>) "in His beauty" (<a onclick="return mV('Sgs',5,10,16);">Sgs 5:10, 16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',4,3);">Rev 4:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>land...very far off</b>—rather, "the land in its remotest extent" (no longer pent up as Hezekiah was with the siege); see <i>Margin.</i> For Jerusalem is made the scene of the king's glory (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,20);">Isa 33:20</a>, etc.), and it could not be said to be "very far off," unless the far-off land be <i>heaven,</i> the Jerusalem above, which is to follow the <i>earthly</i> reign of Messiah at literal Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,'17-19');">Isa 65:17-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,17);">Jer 3:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',21,1,2,10);">Rev 21:1-2, 10</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_18"><b>18. meditate</b>—on the "terror" caused by the enemy, but now past.
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<br><br><b>where,</b> etc.—the language of the Jews exulting over their escape from danger.
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<br><br><b>scribe</b>—who enrolled the army [MAURER]; or, who prescribed the tribute to be paid [ROSENMULLER]; or, who kept an account of the spoil. "The principal scribe of the host" (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',25,19);">2Ki 25:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',52,25);">Jer 52:25</a>). The Assyrian records are free from the exaggerations of Egyptian records. Two scribes are seen in every Assyrian bas-relief, writing down the various objects brought to them, the heads of the slain, prisoners, cattle, sheep, etc.
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<br><br><b>receiver</b>—"weigher," <i>Margin.</i> LAYARD mentions, among the Assyrian inscriptions, "a pair a scales for weighing the spoils."
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<br><br><b>counted...towers</b>—he whose duty it was to reconnoitre and report the strength of the city to be besieged.
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<p id="Isa33_19"><b>19. fierce people</b>—The Assyrians shall not be allowed to enter Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',19,32);">2Ki 19:32</a>). Or, thou shalt not any longer see fierce enemies threatening thee as previously; such as the Assyrians, Romans, and the last Antichristian host that is yet to assail Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',28,49,50);">Deu 28:49-50</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',5,15);">Jer 5:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,2);">Zec 14:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>stammering</b>—barbarous; so "deeper," etc., that is, unintelligible. The Assyrian tongue differed only in dialect from the <i>Hebrew,</i> but in the Assyrian levies were many of non-Semitic race and language, as the Medes, Elamites, etc. (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa028.html#Isa28_11">Isa 28:11</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_20"><b>20. solemnities</b>—solemn assemblies at the great feasts (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa030.html#Isa30_29">Isa 30:29</a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Psa/Psa042.html#Ps42_4">Psa 42:4></a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Psa/Psa048.html#Ps48_12">Psa 48:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>not...taken down...removed</b>—image from captives "removed" from their land (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',36,17);">Isa 36:17</a>). There shall be no more "taking away" to an enemy's land. Or else, from nomads living in shifting tents. The saints, who sojourned once in tabernacles as pilgrims, shall have a "building of God—eternal in the heavens" (<a onclick="return mV('2Cr',5,1);">2Cr 5:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',11,9,10);">Hbr 11:9-10</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,2);">Isa 54:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>stakes</b>—driven into the ground; to these the "cords" were fastened. Christ's Church shall never fall (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',16,18);">Mat 16:18</a>). So individual believers (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',3,12);">Rev 3:12</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_21"><b>21. there</b>—namely, in Jerusalem.
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<br><br><b>will be...rivers</b>—Jehovah will be as a broad river surrounding our city (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',19,6);">Isa 19:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Nah',3,8);">Nah 3:8</a>), and this, too, a river of such a kind as no ship of war can pass (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,1);">Isa 26:1</a>). Jerusalem had not the advantage of a river; Jehovah will be as one to it, affording all the advantages, without any of the disadvantages of one.
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<br><br><b>galley with oars</b>—war vessels of a long shape, and propelled by oars; merchant vessels were broader and carried sail.
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<br><br><b>gallant</b>—same <i>Hebrew</i> word as for "glorious," previously; "mighty" will suit both places; a ship of war is meant. No "mighty vessel" will dare to pass where the "mighty Lord" stands as our defense.
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<p id="Isa33_22"><b>22. Lord</b>—thrice repeated, as often: the Trinity (<a onclick="return mV('Num',6,'24-26');">Num 6:24-26</a>).
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<br><br><b>judge...lawgiver...king</b>—perfect ideal of the theocracy, to be realized under Messiah alone; the judicial, legislative, and administrative functions as king to be exercised by Him in person (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,4);">Isa 11:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',32,1);">32:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jam',4,12);">Jam 4:12</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_23"><b>23. tacklings</b>—Continuing the allegory in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,21);">Isa 33:21</a>, he compares the enemies' host to a war galley which is deprived of the tacklings or cords by which the mast is sustained and the sail is spread; and which therefore is sure to be wrecked on "the broad river" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,21);">Isa 33:21</a>), and become the prey of Israel.
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<br><br><b>they</b>—the tacklings, "hold not firm the base of the mast."
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<br><br><b>then</b>—when the Assyrian host shall have been discomfited. Hezekiah had given Sennacherib three hundred talents of silver, and thirty of gold (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,'14-16');">2Ki 18:14-16</a>), and had stripped the temple of its gold to give it to him; this treasure was probably part of the prey found in the foe's camp. After the invasion, Hezekiah had so much wealth that he made an improper display of it (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',20,'13-15');">2Ki 20:13-15</a>); this wealth, probably, was in part got from the Assyrian.
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<br><br><b>the lame</b>—Even the most feeble shall spoil the Assyrian camp (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',35,6);">Isa 35:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',5,6);">2Sa 5:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa33_24"><b>24. sick</b>—SMITH thinks the allusion is to the beginning of the pestilence by which the Assyrians were destroyed, and which, while sparing the righteous, affected some within the city ("sinners in Zion"); it may have been the sickness that visited Hezekiah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',38,'1-22');">Isa 38:1-22</a>). In the Jerusalem to come there shall be no "sickness," because there will be no "iniquity," it being forgiven (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',103,3);">Psa 103:3</a>). The latter clause of the verse contains the cause of the former (<a onclick="return mV('Mar',2,'5-9');">Mar 2:5-9</a>).
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