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135 lines
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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<p id="Chapter10" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 10
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<p id="Isa10_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,'1-4');">Isa 10:1-4</a>. Fourth strophe.
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<p><b>1. them that decree</b>—namely, unrighteous judges.
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<br><br><b>write grievousness,</b> etc.—not the scribes, but the magistrates <i>who caused unjust decisions</i> (literally, "injustice" or "grievousness") <i>to be recorded</i> by them (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,6);">Isa 65:6</a>) [MAURER], (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',1,10,23);">Isa 1:10, 23</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_2"><b>2. To turn aside,</b> etc.—The effect of their conduct is to pervert the cause of the needy [HORSLEY]. In <i>English Version</i> "from judgment" means "from <i>obtaining justice.</i>"
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<br><br><b>take away the right</b>—"make plunder of the right" (rightful claim) [HORSLEY].
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<p id="Isa10_3"><b>3. what will ye do</b>—what way of escape will there be for you?
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<br><br><b>visitation</b>—of God's wrath (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,14);">Isa 26:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Job',35,15);">Job 35:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',9,7);">Hsa 9:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>from far</b>—from Assyria.
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<br><br><b>leave...glory</b>—rather, "deposit (for safekeeping) your <i>wealth</i>" [LOWTH]. So <a onclick="return mV('Psa',49,17);">Psa 49:17</a>.
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<p id="Isa10_4"><b>4. Without me</b>—not having Me to "flee to" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,3);">Isa 10:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>bow down</b>—Bereft of strength they shall fall; or else, they shall lie down fettered.
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<br><br><b>under...under</b>—rather, "among" (literally, "in the place of") [HORSLEY]. The "under" may be, however, explained, "trodden <i>under the</i> (feet of the) <i>prisoners</i> going into captivity," and "overwhelmed <i>under</i> the heaps of <i>slain</i> on the battlefield" [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_5"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,'5-32');">Isa 10:5-32</a>. DESTRUCTION OF THE ASSYRIANS; COMING OF MESSIAH; HYMN OF PRAISE.
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<p><a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,9,11);">Isa 10:9, 11</a> show that Samaria was destroyed before this prophecy. It was written when Assyria proposed (a design which it soon after tried to carry out under Sennacherib) to destroy Judah and Jerusalem, as it had destroyed Samaria. This is the first part of Isaiah's prophecies under Hezekiah. Probably between 722 and 715 B.C. (see <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,27);">Isa 10:27</a>).
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<p><b>5. O Assyrian,</b> etc.—rather, "What, ho (but MAURER, <i>Woe to the</i>) Assyrian! He is the rod and staff of Mine anger (<i>My instrument in punishing,</i> <a onclick="return mV('Jer',51,20);">Jer 51:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',17,13);">Psa 17:13</a>). In their hands is Mine indignation" [HORSLEY, after JEROME]. I have put into the Assyrians' hands the execution of Mine indignation against My people.
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<p id="Isa10_6"><b>6. send him</b>—"Kings' hearts are in the hand of the Lord" (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',21,1);">Pro 21:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>hypocritical</b>—polluted [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>nation</b>—Judah, against whom Sennacherib was forming designs.
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<br><br><b>of my wrath</b>—objects of My wrath.
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<br><br><b>give...charge</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',34,22);">Jer 34:22</a>).
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<br><br><b>and to tread,</b> etc.—HORSLEY translates: "And then to make <i>him</i> (the Assyrian) a trampling under foot like the mire of the streets" (so <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,12);">Isa 10:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,1);">Isa 33:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',10,5);">Zec 10:5</a>). But see <a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,26);">Isa 37:26</a>.
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<p id="Isa10_7"><b>7. meaneth not so</b>—He is only thinking of his own schemes, while God is overruling them to <i>His</i> purposes.
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<br><br><b>think</b>—intend. Sinners plans are no less culpable, though they by them unconsciously fulfil God's designs (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',76,10);">Psa 76:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',4,12);">Mic 4:12</a>). So Joseph's brethren (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',50,20);">Gen 50:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',16,4);">Pro 16:4</a>). The <i>sinner's motive,</i> not the <i>result</i> (which depends on God), will be the test in judgment.
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<br><br><b>heart to destroy...not a few</b>—Sennacherib's ambition was not confined to Juries. His plan was also to conquer Egypt and Ethiopia (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',20,'1-6');">Isa 20:1-6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',1,15);">Zec 1:15</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_8"><b>8-11.</b> Vauntings of the Assyrians. Illustrated by the self-laudatory inscriptions of Assyria deciphered by HINCKS.
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<br><br><b>princes...kings</b>—Eastern satraps and governors of provinces often had the title and diadem of kings. Hence the title, "King of kings," implying the greatness of Him who was <i>over</i> them (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',26,7);">Eze 26:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Ezr',7,12);">Ezr 7:12</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_9"><b>9. Is not...as</b>—Was there any one of these cities able to withstand me? Not one. So Rab-shakeh vaunts (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',36,19);">Isa 36:19</a>).
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<br><br><b>Calno</b>—Calneh, built by Nimrod (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',10,10);">Gen 10:10</a>), once his capital, on the Tigris.
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<br><br><b>Carchemish</b>—Circesium, on the Euphrates. Taken afterwards by Necho, king of Egypt; and retaken by Nebuchadnezzar: by the Euphrates (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',46,2);">Jer 46:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>Hamath</b>—in Syria, north of Canaan (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',10,18);">Gen 10:18</a>). Taken by Assyria about 753 B.C. From it colonists were planted by Assyria in Samaria.
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<br><br><b>Arpad</b>—near Hamath.
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<br><br><b>Samaria</b>—now overthrown.
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<br><br><b>Damascus</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,1,3);">Isa 17:1, 3</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_10"><b>10, 11. found</b>—unable to resist me: <i>hath overcome</i> (so <a onclick="return mV('Psa',21,8);">Psa 21:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>and whose</b>—rather, "and their." This clause, down to "Samaria," is parenthetical.
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<br><br><b>excel</b>—were more powerful. He regards Jerusalem as idolatrous, an opinion which it often had given too much ground for: Jehovah was in his view the mere <i>local</i> god of Judea, as Baal of the countries where it was adored, nay, inferior in power to some national gods (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',36,19,20);">Isa 36:19-20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,12);">37:12</a>). See in opposition, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,20);">Isa 37:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',46,1);">46:1</a>.
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<br><br><b>As my hand...shall I not, as I have</b>—a double protasis. Agitation makes one accumulate sentences.
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<p id="Isa10_12"><b>12. whole work</b>—His entire plan is regard to the <i>punishment</i> of the Jews (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,'5-7');">Isa 10:5-7</a>).
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<br><br><b>Zion</b>—the royal residence, the court, princes and nobles; as distinguished from "Jerusalem," the <i>people</i> in general.
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<br><br><b>fruit</b>—the result of, that is, the plants emanating from.
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<br><br><b>stout</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "greatness of," that is, pride of.
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<br><br><b>glory</b>—haughtiness.
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<p id="Isa10_13"><b>13. I am prudent</b>—He ascribes his success to his own prudence, not to God's providence.
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<br><br><b>removed the bounds</b>—set aside old, and substituted new boundaries of kingdoms at will. A criminal act, as Jehovah Himself had appointed the boundaries of the nations (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,8);">Deu 32:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>treasures</b>—"hoarded treasures" [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>put down...inhabitants like,</b> etc.—rather, "as a valiant man, I have brought down (<i>from their seats</i>) those <i>seated</i>" (namely, "on thrones"; as in <a onclick="return mV('Psa',2,4);">Psa 2:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',29,10);">29:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',55,19);">55:19</a>. The <i>Hebrew</i> for "He that abideth," is <i>He that sitteth on a throne</i>); otherwise, "I have <i>brought down</i> (as <i>captives into Assyria,</i> which lay <i>lower</i> than Judea; therefore 'brought <i>down,</i>' compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',36,1,10);">Isa 36:1, 10</a>), <i>the inhabitants</i>" [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_14"><b>14. nest</b>—implying the ease with which he carried off all before him.
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<br><br><b>left</b>—by the parent bird.
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<br><br><b>none...moved...wing</b>—image from an angry bird resisting the robbery of its "nest."
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<br><br><b>peeped</b>—chirped even low (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,19);">Isa 8:19</a>). No resistance was offered me, of deed, or even <i>word.</i>
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<p id="Isa10_15"><b>15.</b> Shall the instrument boast against Him who uses it? Through <i>free</i> in a sense, and carrying out his own plans, the Assyrian was unconsciously carrying out <i>God's</i> purposes.
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<br><br><b>shaketh it</b>—moves it back and forward,
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<br><br><b>staff...lift...itself...no wood</b>—rather, "as if the staff (<i>man,</i> the instrument of God's judgments on his fellow man) should set aside (Him who is) not wood" (<i>not</i> a mere instrument, as <i>man</i>). On "no wood" compare <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,21);">Deu 32:21</a>, "that which is <i>not God;</i>" <a onclick="return mV('Isa',31,8);">Isa 31:8</a> shows that God is meant here by "not wood" [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_16"><b>16. fat ones</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,17);">Isa 5:17</a>). The robust and choice soldiers of Assyria (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',78,31);">Psa 78:31</a>, where "fattest" answers in the parallelism to "chosen," or "young men," <i>Margin</i>).
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<br><br><b>leanness</b>—carrying out the image on "fat ones." <i>Destruction</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',106,15);">Psa 106:15</a>). Fulfilled (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,36);">Isa 37:36</a>).
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<br><br><b>his glory</b>—Assyria's <i>nobles.</i> So in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,13);">Isa 5:13</a>, <i>Margin;</i> <a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,7);">Isa 8:7</a>.
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<br><br><b>kindle</b>—a new image from <i>fire</i> consuming quickly dry materials (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,6);">Zec 12:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_17"><b>17, 18. light of Israel</b>—carrying out the image in the end of <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,16);">Isa 10:16</a>. <i>Jehovah,</i> who is a <i>light</i> to <i>Israel,</i> shall be the "fire" (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',4,24);">Deu 4:24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',12,29);">Hbr 12:29</a>) that shall ignite the "thorns," (the Assyrians, like dry fuel, a ready prey to flame).
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<p id="Isa10_18"><b>18. glory of his forest</b>—The <i>common</i> soldiers, the <i>princes, officers,</i> etc., all alike <i>together,</i> shall be consumed (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa009.html#Isa9_18">Isa 9:18</a>).
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<br><br><b>in one day</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,36);">Isa 37:36</a>).
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<br><br><b>fruitful field</b>—literally, "Carmel," a rich mountain in the tribe of Asher. Figurative for Sennacherib's mighty army. Perhaps alluding to his own boasting words about to be uttered (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,24);">Isa 37:24</a>), "I will enter the forest of his Carmel."
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<br><br><b>soul and body</b>—proverbial for utterly; the <i>entire</i> man is made up of <i>soul and body.</i>
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<br><br><b>as when a standard bearer fainteth</b>—rather, "they shall be as when a <i>sick man</i>" (from a <i>Syriac</i> root) wastes away." Compare "leanness," that is, wasting destruction (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,16);">Isa 10:16</a>) [MAURER]. Or, "there shall be an entire <i>dissipation,</i> like a perfect <i>melting</i>" (namely, of the Assyrian army) [HORSLEY].
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<p id="Isa10_19"><b>19. rest</b>—those who shall survive the destruction of the host.
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<br><br><b>his forest</b>—same image as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,18);">Isa 10:18</a>, for the once dense army.
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<br><br><b>child...write</b>—so few that a child might count them.
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<p id="Isa10_20"><b>20-22.</b> The effect on the "remnant" (contrasted with the Assyrian remnant, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,19);">Isa 10:19</a>); namely, those who shall be left after the invasion of Sennacherib, will be a return from dependence on external idolatrous nations, as Assyria and Egypt (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,21);">2Ki 18:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Ki',16,'7-9');">16:7-9</a>), to the God of the theocracy; fulfilled in part in the pious Hezekiah's days; but from the <i>future</i> aspect under which Paul, in <a onclick="return mV('Rom',9,27,28);">Rom 9:27-28</a> (compare "short work" with "whole work," <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,12);">Isa 10:12</a>, here), regards the whole prophecy, the "remnant," "who stay upon the Lord," probably will receive their fullest realization in the portion of Jews left after that Antichrist shall have been overthrown, who shall "return" unto the Lord (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',6,13);">Isa 6:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',7,3);">7:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,9,10);">Zec 12:9-10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,2,3);">14:2-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zep',3,12);">Zep 3:12</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_21"><b>21. mighty God</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,6);">Isa 9:6</a>) the God who shall have evinced such <i>might</i> in destroying Israel's enemies. As the Assyrians in Sennacherib's reign did not carry off <i>Judah</i> captive, the returning "remnant" cannot <i>mainly</i> refer to this time.
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<p id="Isa10_22"><b>22. yet</b>—rather in the sense in which Paul quotes it (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',9,27);">Rom 9:27</a>), "Though Israel be now numerous as the sand, a remnant <i>only</i> of them shall return"—the great majority shall perish. The reason is added, Because "the consumption (fully completed destruction) <i>is</i> decreed (literally, <i>decided on, brought to an issue</i>), it overfloweth (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,28);">Isa 30:28</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,8);">8:8</a>) with <i>justice</i>"; that is, the infliction of just punishment (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,16);">Isa 5:16</a>) [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_23"><b>23. even determined</b>—"A consumption, <i>and whatever is determined,</i>" or <i>decreed</i> [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>midst</b>—Zion, the central point of the earth as to Jehovah's presence.
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<br><br><b>land</b>—Israel. But the <i>Septuagint,</i> "in the whole <i>habitable world.</i>" So <i>English Version</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',9,28);">Rom 9:28</a>), "upon the <i>earth.</i>"
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<p id="Isa10_24"><b>24. Therefore</b>—Return to the main proposition, Assyria's ultimate punishment, though employed as God's "rod" to chastise Judea for a time.
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<br><br><b>O my people</b>—God's tenderness towards His elect nation.
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<br><br><b>after the manner of Egypt</b>—as Egypt and Pharaoh oppressed thee. Implying, too, as Israel was nevertheless <i>delivered</i> from them, so now it would be from the Assyrian Sennacherib. The antithesis in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,26);">Isa 10:26</a> requires this interpretation [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_25"><b>25. For</b>—Be not afraid (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,24);">Isa 10:24</a>), <i>for</i>
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<br><br><b>indignation...cease</b>—The punishments of God against Israel shall be consummated and ended (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,20);">Isa 26:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,36);">Dan 11:36</a>). "Till the indignation be accomplished," etc.
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<br><br><b>mine anger</b>—shall turn to their (the Assyrians') destruction.
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<p id="Isa10_26"><b>26. slaughter of</b>—"stroke upon."
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<br><br><b>Midian</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,4);">Isa 9:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jdg',7,25);">Jdg 7:25</a>).
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<br><br><b>as his rod was upon the sea</b>—rather, understanding "stroke" from the previous clause, "according to the stroke of His rod upon the Red Sea" (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',14,16, 26);">Exd 14:16, 26</a>). His "rod" on the Assyrian (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,24,26);">Isa 10:24, 26</a>) stands in bold contrast to the Assyrian used as a "rod" to strike others (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,5);">Isa 10:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>after the manner of Egypt</b>—as He lifted it up against Egypt at the Red Sea.
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<p id="Isa10_27"><b>27. his burden</b>—the Assyrians oppression (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,3);">Isa 9:3</a>). Judah was still tributary to Assyria; Hezekiah had not yet revolted, as he did in the beginning of Sennacherib's reign.
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<br><br><b>because of</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,15);">Hsa 10:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>the anointing</b>—namely, "Messiah" (<a onclick="return mV('Dan',9,24);">Dan 9:24</a>). Just as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,'4-6');">Isa 9:4-6</a>, the "breaking of the yoke of" the enemies' "burden and staff" is attributed to <i>Messiah,</i> "<i>For</i> unto us a child is born," etc., so it is here. MAURER not so well translates, "Because of the fatness"; an image of the Assyrians fierce and wanton pride drawn from a well-fed bull tossing off the yoke (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,15);">Deu 32:15</a>). So <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,16);">Isa 10:16</a> above, and <a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,17);">Isa 5:17</a>, "<i>fat</i> ones."
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<p id="Isa10_28"><b>28-32.</b> Onward gradual march of Sennacherib's army towards Jerusalem, and the panic of the inhabitants vividly pictured before the eyes.
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<br><br><b>come to</b>—<i>come upon</i> as a sudden invader (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',34,27);">Gen 34:27</a>).
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<br><br><b>Aiath</b>—same as Ai (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',7,2);">Jos 7:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Neh',7,32);">Neh 7:32</a>). In the north of Benjamin; so the other towns also; all on the line of march to Jerusalem.
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<br><br><b>Michmash</b>—nine miles northeast of Jerusalem.
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<br><br><b>laid up...carriages</b>—He has left his heavier <i>baggage</i> (so "carriages" for the <i>things carried,</i> <a onclick="return mV('Act',21,15);">Act 21:15</a>) at Michmash, so as to be more lightly equipped for the siege of Jerusalem. So <a onclick="return mV('1Sa',17,22);">1Sa 17:22</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Sa',25,13);">25:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Sa',30,24);">30:24</a> [JEROME and MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_29"><b>29. passage</b>—the jaws of the wady or defile at Michmash (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',13,23);">1Sa 13:23</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Sa',14,4,5);">14:4-5</a>).
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<br><br><b>lodging</b>—their quarters for the night, after having passed the defile which might have been easily guarded against them.
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<br><br><b>Ramah</b>—near Geba; seven miles from Jerusalem.
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<br><br><b>Gibeah of Saul</b>—his birthplace and residence, in Benjamin (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',11,4);">1Sa 11:4</a>), distinct from Gibeah <i>of Judah</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',15,57);">Jos 15:57</a>).
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<p id="Isa10_30"><b>30. daughter of Gallim</b>—<i>Gallim and her sons</i> (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa001.html#Isa1_8">Isa 1:8</a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/2Ki/2Ki019.html#a2Ki19_21">2Ki 19:21</a>). "Cry aloud in consternation."
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<br><br><b>Laish</b>—not the town in Dan (<a onclick="return mV('Jdg',18,7);">Jdg 18:7</a>), but one of the same name near Jerusalem (<u>1 Maccabees 9:9</u>).
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<br><br><b>Anathoth</b>—three miles from Jerusalem in Benjamin; the birthplace of Jeremiah. "Poor" is applied to it in pity, on account of the impending calamity. Others translate, Answer her, O Anathoth.
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<p id="Isa10_31"><b>31. Madmenah</b>—not the city in Simeon (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',15,31);">Jos 15:31</a>), but a village near Jerusalem.
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<br><br><b>removed</b>—fled from fear.
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<br><br><b>gather themselves to flee</b>—"put their goods in a place of safety" [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa10_32"><b>32. that day</b>—literally, "As yet <i>this</i> (one only) day (is allowed to the soldiers) for remaining (halting for rest) at Nob"; northeast of Jerusalem on Olivet; a town of the priests (<a onclick="return mV('Neh',11,32);">Neh 11:32</a>).
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<br><br><b>daughter</b>—rightly substituted for the <i>Chetib</i> reading, <i>house.</i> His "shaking his hand" in menace implies that he is now at Nob, <i>within sight of</i> Jerusalem.
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<p id="Isa10_33"><b>33. bough</b>—literally, the "beauty" of the tree; "the beautiful branch."
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<br><br><b>high ones of stature</b>—"the upright <i>stem,</i>" as distinguished from the previous "boughs" [HORSLEY].
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<p id="Isa10_34"><b>34.</b> This verse and <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,33);">Isa 10:33</a> describe the sudden arrest and overthrow of Sennacherib in the height of his success <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,18,19);">Isa 10:18-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',31,3,14);">Eze 31:3, 14</a>, etc., contain the same image; "Lebanon" and its forest are the Assyrian army; the "iron" axe that fells the forest refers to the stroke which destroyed the one hundred and eighty-five thousand Assyrians (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',19,35);">2Ki 19:35</a>). The "Mighty One" is Jehovah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,21);">Isa 10:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,6);">Isa 9:6</a>).
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