83 lines
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83 lines
14 KiB
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Daniel';
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PriorBookURL = './Comm/jfb/Dan/Dan000.html';
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PriorChapter = 'Hosea 9';
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NextBook = 'Joel';
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NextChapter = 'Hosea 11';
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Title = 'The Book of Hosea';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 10';
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Author = ' Jamieson, Fausset & Brown';
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authorCite = 'Robert Jamieson; A.R. Fausset; and David Brown';
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<p id="Chapter10" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 10
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<p id="Ho10_1"><a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,'1-15');">Hsa 10:1-15</a>. ISRAEL'S IDOLATRY, THE SOURCE OF PERJURIES AND UNLAWFUL LEAGUES, SOON DESTINED TO BE THE RUIN OF THE STATE, THEIR KING AND THEIR IMAGES BEING ABOUT TO BE CARRIED OFF; A JUST CHASTISEMENT, THE REAPING CORRESPONDING TO THE SOWING.
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<p>The prophecy was uttered between Shalmaneser's first and second invasions of Israel. Compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,14);">Hsa 10:14</a>; also <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,6);">Hsa 10:6</a>, referring to Hoshea's calling So of Egypt to his aid; also <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,4);">Hsa 10:4, 13</a>.
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<p><b>1. empty</b>—stripped of its fruits [CALVIN], (<a onclick="return mV('Nah',2,2);">Nah 2:2</a>); compelled to pay tribute to Pul (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',15,20);">2Ki 15:20</a>). MAURER translates, "A <i>widespreading</i> vine"; so the <i>Septuagint.</i> Compare <a onclick="return mV('Gen',49,22);">Gen 49:22</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',80,'9-11');">Psa 80:9-11</a>; <a href= "#" onclick="return mV('Eze',17,6);">Eze 17:6</a>.
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<br><br><b>bringeth forth fruit unto himself</b>—not unto ME.
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<br><br><b>according to...multitude of...fruit ...increased...altars</b>—In proportion to the abundance of their prosperity, which called for fruit unto God (compare <a onclick="return mV('Rom',6,22);">Rom 6:22</a>), was the abundance of their idolatry (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,4);">Hsa 8:4, 11</a>).
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<p id="Ho10_2"><b>2. heart...divided</b>— (<a href= "#" onclick="return mV('1Ki',18,21);">1Ki 18:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mat',6,24);">Mat 6:24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jam',4,8);">Jam 4:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>now</b>—that is soon.
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<br><br><b>he</b>—Jehovah.
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<br><br><b>break down</b>—"cut off," namely the heads of the victims. Those altars, which were the scene of <i>cutting off</i> the victims' heads, shall be themselves cut off.
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<p id="Ho10_3"><b>3. now,</b> etc.—Soon they, deprived of their king, shall be reduced to say, We have no king (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,7,15);">Hsa 10:7,15</a>), for Jehovah deprived us of him, because of our not fearing God. What then (seeing God is against us) should a king be able to do for us, if we had one? As they rejected the heavenly King, they were deprived of their earthly king.
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<p id="Ho10_4"><b>4. words</b>—mere empty words.
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<br><br><b>swearing falsely in making a covenant</b>—breaking their engagement to Shalmaneser (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',17,4);">2Ki 17:4</a>), and making a covenant with So, though covenants with foreigners were forbidden.
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<br><br><b>judgment...as hemlock</b>—that is, divine judgment shall spring up as rank, and as deadly, as hemlock in the furrows (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',29,18);">Deu 29:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Amo',5,7);">Amo 5:7</a> 6:12). GESENIUS translates, "poppy." GROTIUS, "darnel."
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<p id="Ho10_5"><b>5. fear because of the calves</b>—that is, shall fear <i>for</i> them.
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<br><br><b>Beth-aven</b>—substituted for Beth-el in contempt (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',4,15);">Hsa 4:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>it</b>—<i>singular,</i> the <i>one</i> in Beth-el; after the pattern of which the other "calves" (<i>plural</i>) were made. "Calves" in the <i>Hebrew</i> is <i>feminine,</i> to express contempt.
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<br><br><b>priests</b>—The <i>Hebrew</i> is only used of <i>idolatrous priests</i> (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',23,5);">2Ki 23:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zep',1,4);">Zep 1:4</a>), from a root meaning either "the black garment" in which they were attired; or, "to resound," referring to their howling cries in their sacred rites [CALVIN].
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<br><br><b><i>that</i> rejoiced on it</b>—because it was a source of gain to them. MAURER translates, "Shall leap in trepidation on account of it"; as Baal's priests did (<a onclick="return mV('1Ki',18,26);">1Ki 18:26</a> ).
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<br><br><b>the glory thereof</b>—the magnificence of its ornaments and its worship.
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<p id="Ho10_6"><b>6. It...also</b>—The calf, so far from saving its worshippers from deportation, itself shall be carried off; hence "Israel shall be ashamed" of it.
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<br><br><b>Jareb</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Hsa/Hsa005.html#Ho5_13">Ho 5:13</a>). "A present to the king (whom they looked to as) their <i>defender,</i>" or else <i>avenger,</i> whose wrath they wished to appease, namely, Shalmaneser. The minor states applied this title to the Great King, as the avenging Protector.
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<br><br><b>his own counsel</b>—the calves, which Jeroboam set up as a stroke of policy to detach Israel from Judah. Their severance from Judah and Jehovah proved now to be not politic, but fatal to them.
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<p id="Ho10_7"><b>7.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,3,15);">Hsa 10:3,15</a>).
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<br><br><b>foam</b>—denoting short-lived existence and speedy dissolution. As the foam, though seeming to be eminent raised on the top of the water, yet has no solidity, such is the throne of Samaria. MAURER translates, "a chip" or <i>broken branch</i> that cannot resist the current.
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<p id="Ho10_8"><b>8. Aven</b>—that is, Beth-aven.
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<br><br><b>the sin</b>—that is, the occasion of sin (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',9,21);">Deu 9:21</a>; <a href= "#" onclick="return mV('1Ki',12,30);">1Ki 12:30</a>).
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<br><br><b>they shall say to...mountains, Cover us</b>—So terrible shall be the calamity, that men shall prefer death to life (<a onclick="return mV('Luk',23,30);">Luk 23:30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',6,16);">Rev 6:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',9,6);">9:6</a>). Those very hills on which were their idolatrous altars (one source of their confidence, as their "king," <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,7);">Hsa 10:7</a>, was the other), so far from helping them, shall be called on by them to overwhelm them.
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<p id="Ho10_9"><b>9. Gibeah</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',9,9);">Hsa 9:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jdg',19,'1-');">Jdg 19:1 - 20:48</a>). They are singled out as a specimen of the whole nation.
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<br><br><b>there they stood</b>—The Israelites have, as there and then, so ever since, <i>persisted</i> in their sin [CALVIN]. Or, better, "they stood their ground," that is, did not perish then [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>the battle...did not overtake them</b>—Though God spared you then, He will not do so now; nay, the battle whereby God punished the Gibeonite "children of iniquity," shall the more heavily visit you for your continued impenitence. Though "they stood" then, it shall not be so now. The change from "thou" to "they" marks God's alienation from them; they are, by the use of the third person, put to a greater distance from God.
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<p id="Ho10_10"><b>10. my desire...chastise</b>—expressing God's <i>strong inclination</i> to vindicate His justice against sin, as being the infinitely holy God (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',28,63);">Deu 28:63</a>).
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<br><br><b>the people</b>—<i>Foreign invaders</i> "shall be gathered against them."
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<br><br><b>when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows</b>—image from two oxen ploughing together side by side, in two contiguous furrows: so the Israelites shall join themselves, to unite their powers against all dangers, but it will not save them from My destroying them [CALVIN]. Their "two furrows" may refer to their <i>two places of setting up the calves,</i> their ground of confidence, Dan and Beth-el; or, the two divisions of the nation, <i>Israel and Judah,</i> "in their two furrows," that is, in their respective two places of habitation; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,11);">Hsa 10:11</a>, which specifies the two, favors this view. HENDERSON prefers the <i>Keri</i> (<i>Hebrew Margin</i>) "for their two <i>iniquities</i>"; and translates, "when they are bound" in captivity. <i>English Version</i> is best, as the image is carried out in <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,11);">Hsa 10:11</a>; only it is perhaps better to translate, "the people (the invaders) <i>binding them,</i>" that is, making them captives; and so <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,11);">Hsa 10:11</a> alludes to the yoke being put on the neck of Ephraim and Judah.
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<p id="Ho10_11"><b>11. taught</b>—that is, accustomed.
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<br><br><b>loveth to tread out...corn</b>—a far easier and more self-indulgent work than ploughing. In treading corn, cattle were not bound together under a yoke, but either trod it singly with their feet, or drew a threshing sledge over it (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',28,27,28);">Isa 28:27-28</a>): they were free to eat some of the corn from time to time, as the law required they should be unmuzzled (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',25,4);">Deu 25:4</a>), so that they grew fat in this work. An image of Israel's freedom, prosperity, and self-indulgence heretofore. But now God will put the Assyrian yoke upon her, instead of freedom, putting her to servile work.
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<br><br><b>I passed over upon</b>—I put the yoke upon.
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<br><br><b>make...to ride</b>—as in <a href= "#" onclick="return mV('Job',30,22);">Job 30:22</a>; that is, <i>hurry</i> Ephraim <i>away</i> to a distant region [CALVIN]. LYRA translates, "I will make (the Assyrian) to ride upon Ephraim." MAURER, "I will make Ephraim to carry," namely, a charioteer.
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<br><br><b>his clods</b>—"the clods before him."
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<p id="Ho10_12"><b>12.</b> Continuation of the image in <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,11);">Hsa 10:11</a> (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',11,18);">Pro 11:18</a>). Act righteously and ye shall reap the reward; a reward not of debt, but of grace.
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<br><br><b>in mercy</b>—according to the measure of the divine "mercy," which over and above repays the <i>goodness</i> or "mercy" which we show to our fellow man (<a onclick="return mV('Luk',6,38);">Luk 6:38</a>).
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<br><br><b>break...fallow ground</b>—Remove your superstitions and vices, and be renewed.
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<br><br><b>seek...Lord, fill he come</b>—Though not answered immediately, persevere unceasingly "<i>till</i> He come."
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<br><br><b>rain</b>—send down as a copious shower.
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<br><br><b>righteousness</b>—the reward of righteousness, that is, <i>salvation,</i> temporal and spiritual (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',26,23);">1Sa 26:23</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Joe',2,23);">Joe 2:23</a>).
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<p id="Ho10_13"><b>13. reaped iniquity</b>—that is, the <i>fruit</i> of iniquity; as "righteousness" (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,12);">Hsa 10:12</a>) is "the <i>fruit</i> of righteousness" (<a onclick="return mV('Job',4,8);">Job 4:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',22,8);">Pro 22:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gal',6,7,8);">Gal 6:7-8</a>).
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<br><br><b>lies</b>—false and spurious worship.
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<br><br><b>trust in thy way</b>—thy perverse way (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',57,10);">Isa 57:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',2,23);">Jer 2:23</a>), thy worship of false gods. This was their internal safeguard, as their external was "the multitude of their mighty men."
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<p id="Ho10_14"><b>14. tumult</b>—a tumultuous war.
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<br><br><b>among thy people</b>—literally, "peoples": the war shall extend to the whole people of Israel, through all the tribes, and the peoples allied to her.
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<br><br><b>Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel</b>—that is, Shalmaneser, a compound name, in which the part common to it and the names of three other Assyrian kings, is omitted; Tiglath-pileser, Esar-haddon, Shar-ezer. So Jeconiah is abbreviated to Coniah. Arbel was situated in Naphtali in Galilee, on the border nearest Assyria. Against it Shalmaneser, at his first invasion of Israel (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',17,3);">2Ki 17:3</a>), vented his chief rage. God threatens Israel's fortresses with the same fate as Arbel suffered "in the day (on the occasion) of the battle" then well-known, though not mentioned elsewhere (compare <a href= "#" onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,34);">2Ki 18:34</a>). This event, close on the reign of Hezekiah, shows the inscription of Hosea (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',1,1);">Hsa 1:1</a>) to be correct.
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<p id="Ho10_15"><b>15. So shall Beth-el do unto you</b>—Your idolatrous calf at Beth-el shall be the cause of a like calamity befalling you.
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<br><br><b>your great wickedness</b>—literally, "the wickedness of your wickedness."
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<br><br><b>in a morning</b>—speedily as quickly as the dawn is put to flight by the rising sun (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',6,4);">Hsa 6:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',13,3);">13:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',30,5);">Psa 30:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>king</b>—Hoshea.
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