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<h2><a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'all');">Deu 31</a> - Some Final Instructions from Moses</h2>
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<p>A. Moses charges the people, Joshua, and the priests.</p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'1-2');">1-2</a>) Moses at one hundred and twenty.</p>
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<p class="c2">Then Moses went and spoke these words to all Israel. And he said to them: "I <i>am </i>one hundred and twenty years old today. I can no longer go out and come in. Also the <span class="c6">Lord</span> has said to me, 'You shall not cross over this Jordan.'"</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">I am one hundred and twenty years old today</span></b>: Moses, at 120 years, was not limited by his physical condition (in a short time he will climb to the top of a mountain). Instead, he could <b><span class="c3">no longer go out and come in</span></b> because he was limited by God's command - the decree that Moses would not enter the Promised Land (<a onclick="return mV('Num',20,'7-12');">Num 20:7-12</a>).</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">You shall not cross over this Jordan</span></b>: These specific words of God to Moses are not recorded in the <a onclick="return mV('Num',20,'all');">Num 20</a> account; this must be a further elaboration of the decree <i>you shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Num',20,12);">Num 20:12</a>).</p>
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<p class="c5">i. There is a difference between <i>you shall not bring this congregation into the land</i> and <b><span class="c3">you shall not cross over this Jordan</span></b>. By the first statement, it is allowable that Moses could go into the Promised Land, but not as the leader of the nation, having passed the torch of leadership to Joshua. But God made it even more clear to Moses: <b><span class="c3">you shall not cross over this Jordan</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. God's correction of Moses was hard; not only will he not lead Israel into the Promised Land, he will not even go there. That which he had dreamed of, and felt called to, as a child in the palaces of Egypt - to deliver God's people - will not be completed. Another will finish the job, and Moses' feet will never touch the soil of the land that God had promised to the covenant descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Why was it such a severe punishment? What did Moses do?</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. Essentially, at Meribah (<a onclick="return mV('Num',20,'7-12');">Num 20:7-12</a>), when Israel complained and cried out for water, Moses misrepresented God. He misrepresented God by lecturing the nation harshly and unnecessarily. Moses misrepresented God by acting as if God <i>needed</i> him to provide water for the people. And Moses both misrepresented and disobeyed God by angrily striking the rock twice, instead of just speaking to the rock as God had told him to.</p>
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<p class="c5">iv. This may seem an excessively harsh punishment for Moses; after all, with only one slip-up, he now must die short of the Promised Land? But Moses was being judged by a stricter standard because of his leadership position with the nation, and because he had a uniquely close relationship with God. It is right for teachers and leaders to be judged by a stricter standard (<a onclick="return mV('Jam',3,1);">Jam 3:1</a>); though it is unrighteous to hold teachers and leaders to a perfect standard. It is true the people's conduct was worse than Moses' but it is irrelevant.</p>
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<p class="c5">v. Worst of all, Moses defaced a beautiful picture of Jesus' redemptive work through the rock which provided water in the wilderness. The New Testament makes it clear this water-providing, life-giving rock was a picture of Jesus (<a onclick="return mV('1Cr',10,4);">1Cr 10:4</a>). Jesus, being struck once, provided life for all who would drink of Him (<a onclick="return mV('Jhn',7,37);">Jhn 7:37</a>). But was unnecessary - and unrighteous - that Jesus would be struck again, much less again twice, because the Son of God needed only to suffer once (<a onclick="return mV('Hbr',10,'10-12');">Hbr 10:10-12</a>). Jesus can now be come to with words of faith (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',10,'8-10');">Rom 10:8-10</a>), as Moses should have only used words of faith to bring life-giving water to the nation of Israel. Moses "ruined" this picture of the work of Jesus God intended.</p>
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<p class="c5">vi. So now, Moses must face his destiny. Not only <i>you shall not bring this congregation into the land</i> but also, <b><span class="c3">you shall not cross over this Jordan</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'3-6');">3-6</a>) The charge to the children of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c2">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God Himself crosses over before you; He will destroy these nations from before you, and you shall dispossess them. Joshua himself crosses over before you, just as the <span class="c6">Lord</span> has said. And the <span class="c6">Lord</span> will do to them as He did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites and their land, when He destroyed them. The <span class="c6">Lord</span> will give them over to you, that you may do to them according to every commandment which I have commanded you. Be strong and of good courage, do not fear nor be afraid of them; for the <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God, He <i>is </i>the One who goes with you. He will not leave you nor forsake you.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God Himself crosses over before you</span></b>: Moses had led Israel for 40 years; he was the only leader most of these people had ever known. Yet the nation could be confident and Moses could go his way in peace because He knew God was with Israel. Israel, Moses, or Joshua did not have to be afraid. Instead, they could <b><span class="c3">Be strong and of good courage</span></b>, because <b><span class="c3">the <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God, He is the One who goes with you</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Moses was a great man; one of the greatest to ever walk this earth. But Moses was not irreplaceable. God being with them, Israel was in good hands, with or without Moses.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Be strong and of good courage</span></b>: It was now time for the nation to take courage in the <span class="c6">Lord</span> and <b><span class="c3">not fear nor be dismayed</span></b>. Moses passes from the scene, but God has not abandoned Israel.</p>
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<p class="c1">3. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'7-8');">7-8</a>) The charge to Joshua.</p>
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<p class="c2">Then Moses called Joshua and said to him in the sight of all Israel, "Be strong and of good courage, for you must go with this people to the land which the <span class="c6">Lord</span> has sworn to their fathers to give them, and you shall cause them to inherit it. And the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, He <i>is </i>the one who goes before you. He will be with you, He will not leave you nor forsake you; do not fear nor be dismayed."</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Then Moses called Joshua and said to him in the sight of all Israel</span></b>: Bringing the people into the Promised Land was God's work. He was going to do it. But God almost always does His work through men and women who make themselves available to Him.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Sometimes people wrongly say, "It is all the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, it's all the <span class="c6">Lord</span>." True, God does <i>His</i> work, but He does it <i>through</i> people.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Be strong and of good courage</span></b>: Since God was going to use Joshua, he must <b><span class="c3">be strong and of good courage</span></b>. But Moses knew Joshua, and knew that he would. So he confidently said, <b><span class="c3">you shall cause them to inherit it</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Men of encouragement like Moses are a blessing. Moses knew that Joshua might be wavering, so he encouraged him, and pushed him forward to be more than he perhaps thought he could be. God uses encouraging people to help us fulfill the destiny He has for us.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. Joshua was the man; but the work was the <span class="c6">Lord</span>'s: <b><span class="c3">He is the one who goes before you</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c1">4. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'9-13');">9-13</a>) The charge to the priests.</p>
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<p class="c2">So Moses wrote this law and delivered it to the priests, the sons of Levi, who bore the ark of the covenant of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, and to all the elders of Israel. And Moses commanded them, saying: "At the end of <i>every </i>seven years, at the appointed time in the year of release, at the Feast of Tabernacles, when all Israel comes to appear before the <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God in the place which He chooses, you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing. Gather the people together, men and women and little ones, and the stranger who <i>is </i>within your gates, that they may hear and that they may learn to fear the <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God and carefully observe all the words of this law, and <i>that </i>their children, who have not known it, may hear and learn to fear the <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God as long as you live in the land which you cross the Jordan to possess."</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Moses wrote this law</span></b>: Just as the kings of Israel were to write their own copy of God's law (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',17,18);">Deu 17:18</a>), so <b><span class="c3">Moses wrote this law</span></b>. He, as an uncrowned king over Israel, loved God's word and wanted to pass it on to the generation behind him.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">You shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing</span></b>: Part of the job of the Levites was to minister the word of God to the nation, as they were scattered throughout the nation. Every seven years they were to have a public reading and explanation of the law of God, as was modeled in <a onclick="return mV('Neh',8,'1-8');">Neh 8:1-8</a>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. The first we know of a public reading of the law is in <a onclick="return mV('Jos',8,30);">Jos 8:30</a>. The next we hear of it is during the reign of Jehoshaphat (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',17,7);">2Ch 17:7</a>), more than 500 years later. Then, in the reign of Josiah there was another public reading of the law (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',34,30);">2Ch 34:30</a>), more than 250 years after Jehoshaphat. Of course, there might have been public readings of the law as commanded here which are not recorded; but the fact that some are recorded probably means they were unusual, not typical. With this kind of neglect of God's word, no wonder Israel was so often in trouble!</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">And that their children...may hear and learn to fear the <span class="c6">Lord</span></span></b>: This seven-year national focus on God's word was especially important for the children among the people of Israel. Through His word, they could come to a personal relationship with the <span class="c6">Lord</span>.</p>
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<p>B. Moses insures his legacy.</p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'14-15');">14-15</a>) The preface to Joshua's inauguration as leader of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c2">Then the <span class="c6">Lord</span> said to Moses, "Behold, the days approach when you must die; call Joshua, and present yourselves in the tabernacle of meeting, that I may inaugurate him." So Moses and Joshua went and presented themselves in the tabernacle of meeting. Now the <span class="c6">Lord</span> appeared at the tabernacle in a pillar of cloud, and the pillar of cloud stood above the door of the tabernacle.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Present yourselves in the tabernacle of meeting</span></b>: Through the wilderness journey, we find Moses and Joshua together before the <span class="c6">Lord</span> often. <a onclick="return mV('Exd',33,11);">Exd 33:11</a> says, <i>his servant Joshua the son of Nun, a young man, did not depart from the tabernacle</i>. Joshua was qualified to serve because he was at home in the presence of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Now the <span class="c6">Lord</span> appeared</span></b>: This begins a solemn and important chapter in the history of God's people. This will be Moses' retirement ceremony and Joshua's inauguration ceremony.</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'16-22');">16-22</a>) A song of Moses to warn Israel in a time of future apostasy.</p>
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<p class="c2">And the <span class="c6">Lord</span> said to Moses: "Behold, you will rest with your fathers; and this people will rise and play the harlot with the gods of the foreigners of the land, where they go <i>to be </i>among them, and they will forsake Me and break My covenant which I have made with them. Then My anger shall be aroused against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide My face from them, and they shall be devoured. And many evils and troubles shall befall them, so that they will say in that day, 'Have not these evils come upon us because our God <i>is </i>not among us?' And I will surely hide My face in that day because of all the evil which they have done, in that they have turned to other gods. Now therefore, write down this song for yourselves, and teach it to the children of Israel; put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for Me against the children of Israel. When I have brought them to the land flowing with milk and honey, of which I swore to their fathers, and they have eaten and filled themselves and grown fat, then they will turn to other gods and serve them; and they will provoke Me and break My covenant. Then it shall be, when many evils and troubles have come upon them, that this song will testify against them as a witness; for it will not be forgotten in the mouths of their descendants, for I know the inclination of their behavior today, even before I have brought them to the land of which I swore <i>to give them</i><span>."<i> </i></span>Therefore Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught it to the children of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">This people will rise and play the harlot with the gods of the foreigners of the land</span></b>: Because of this future idolatry in Israel, God instructed Moses to compose sort of a national anthem for ancient Israel.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Therefore Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught it to the children of Israel</span></b>: Yet this was a strange national anthem, because the purpose of this anthem was to <b><span class="c3">testify against them as a witness</span></b>. God knew that words are more memorable when set to music, so He told Moses to compose the sermon in a song found in the following chapter, <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,'all');">Deu 32</a>.</p>
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<p class="c1">3. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,23);">23</a>) The inauguration of Joshua.</p>
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<p class="c2">Then He inaugurated Joshua the son of Nun, and said, "Be strong and of good courage; for you shall bring the children of Israel into the land of which I swore to them, and I will be with you."</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Be strong and of good courage</span></b>: It is remarkable how often this exhortation is directed towards Joshua. He hears it seven different times (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,6);">Deu 31:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,7);">31:7</a>, and <a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,23);">31:23</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jos',1,6);">Jos 1:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jos',1,7);">1:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jos',1,9);">1:9</a>, and <a onclick="return mV('Deu',1,18);">1:18</a>).</p>
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<p class="c5">i. This exposes Joshua's weakness; there was a <i>need</i> for such a command, because even a great leader like Joshua needed such encouragement.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. Most of us, God forgive us, are too big for God to use; we are too full of our own schemes and our own ways of doing things. Joshua needed to take strength and courage in the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, and was small enough to be big in God.</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. Wonderfully, the last time this phrase is used in connection with Joshua, <i>he</i> is encouraging <i>others</i> to <i>be strong and of good courage</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',10,25);">Jos 10:25</a>). He could encourage others with the encouragement the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, through others, had given him<i>.</i></p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Be strong and of good courage</span></b>: This was a manly way to speak to Joshua. God (and Moses) would not pander to Joshua's weak and timid nature. He didn't hear, "Oh Joshua, you're so wonderful." "Oh Joshua, you're so strong." "Oh Joshua, you're so courageous." Instead, he heard, "Now is the time. Step up to the challenge. <b><span class="c3">Be strong and of good courage</span></b>!"</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">You shall bring the children of Israel into the land</span></b>: Joshua, by nature weak and lacking courage, needed to hear this from Moses. He needed to hear, "You are going to do it. It is going to happen."</p>
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<p class="c1">4. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'24-27');">24-27</a>) Moses preserves the Law of God as a witness against Israel.</p>
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<p class="c2">So it was, when Moses had completed writing the words of this law in a book, when they were finished, that Moses commanded the Levites, who bore the ark of the covenant of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, saying: "Take this Book of the Law, and put it beside the ark of the covenant of the <span class="c6">Lord</span> your God, that it may be there as a witness against you; for I know your rebellion and your stiff neck. <i>If </i>today, while I am yet alive with you, you have been rebellious against the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, then how much more after my death?"</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">When Moses had completed writing the words of this law</span></b>: Moses finished the first five books of the Bible and gave this to Israel, and to all creation, as the inspired words of God.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Some raise objections at this point, wondering who wrote the last three chapters of Deuteronomy, because the text says that Moses finished here. No doubt, Joshua had the remainder of Moses' words and deeds recorded and added to the end of his magnificent work.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Put it beside the ark of the covenant</span></b>: The Ten Commandments were placed inside the ark of the covenant (<a onclick="return mV('Hbr',9,4);">Hbr 9:4</a>). But the whole book of the law - Genesis through Deuteronomy - was placed <b><span class="c3">beside the ark of the covenant</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">That it may be there as a witness against you</span></b>: Moses knew Israel would rebel. He knew this both from the promise of God (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'16-17');">Deu 31:16-17</a>), and from common sense (<b><span class="c3">If today, while I am yet alive with you, you have been rebellious against the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, how much more after my death?</span></b>). Therefore the law would stand as a <b><span class="c3">witness against</span></b> a rebellious Israel.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. We love to find refuge in God's word in our times of stress and trouble, but we don't often consider that God's word, if we reject Jesus and rebel against God, is no friend to us. It is a <b><span class="c3">witness against</span></b> us, a witness that rises up to testify against us.</p>
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<p class="c1">5. (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',31,'28-30');">28-30</a>) The elders and officers of Israel gather for the song of Moses.</p>
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<p class="c2">"Gather to me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their hearing and call heaven and earth to witness against them. For I know that after my death you will become utterly corrupt, and turn aside from the way which I have commanded you; and evil will befall you in the latter days, because you will do evil in the sight of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, to provoke Him to anger through the work of your hands." Then Moses spoke in the hearing of all the assembly of Israel the words of this song until they were ended:</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Then Moses spoke in the hearing of all the assembly of Israel the words of this song until they were ended</span></b>: "In fact, the song of chapter 32 is strongly reminiscent in its structure and content of a well-known secular political form, namely, the formulation of a complaint against a rebel vassal by his overlord with the threat of punishment. It is not impossible that some, at least, in Israel would have understood such a pattern and Moses would certainly have met it in the pharaoh's court." (Thompson)</p>
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