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<h2><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',4,'1-');">1Ch 4</a> through <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',8,'1-');">8</a> - The Tribes of Israel and their Descendents</h2>
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<p><i>"How barren to us is this register, both of incident and interest! And yet, as barren rocks and sandy deserts make integral and necessary parts of the globe; so do these genealogical tables make necessary parts of the history of providence and grace in the maintenance of truth, and the establishment of the church of Christ. Therefore, no one that fears God will either despise or lightly esteem them."</i> (Adam Clarke)</p>
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<p><i>"Here tribes, and individual men, are seen as gaining importance and value in proportion as they co-operated in the purpose of God."</i> (G. Campbell Morgan)</p>
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<p><span>A. The tribes comprising the later Kingdom of Judah.</span></p>
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<p class="c1"><span>1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',4,'1-23');">4:1-23</a>) The descendents of Judah.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Judah <i>were</i> Perez, Hezron, Carmi, Hur, and Shobal. And Reaiah the son of Shobal begot Jahath, and Jahath begot Ahumai and Lahad. These <i>were</i> the families of the Zorathites. These <i>were</i> the sons <i>of the father</i> of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash; and the name of their sister <i>was</i> Hazelelponi; and Penuel <i>was</i> the father of Gedor, and Ezer <i>was the</i> father of Hushah. These <i>were</i> the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah the father of Bethlehem. And Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. Naarah bore him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These <i>were</i> the sons of Naarah. The sons of Helah <i>were</i> Zereth, Zohar, and Ethnan; and Koz begot Anub, Zobebah, and the families of Aharhel the son of Harum. Now Jabez was more honorable than his brothers, and his mother called his name Jabez, saying, "Because I bore <i>him</i> in pain." And Jabez called on the God of Israel saying, "Oh, that You would bless me indeed, and enlarge my territory, that Your hand would be with me, and that You would keep <i>me</i> from evil, that I may not cause pain!" So God granted him what he requested. Chelub the brother of Shuhah begot Mehir, who <i>was</i> the father of Eshton. And Eshton begot Beth-Rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Ir-Nahash. These <i>were</i> the men of Rechah. The sons of Kenaz <i>were</i> Othniel and Seraiah. The sons of Othniel <i>were</i> Hathath, and Meonothai <i>who</i> begot Ophrah. Seraiah begot Joab the father of Ge Harashim, for they were craftsmen. The sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh <i>were</i> Iru, Elah, and Naam. The son of Elah <i>was</i> Kenaz. The sons of Jehallelel <i>were</i> Ziph, Ziphah, Tiria, and Asarel. The sons of Ezrah <i>were</i> Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. And <i>Mered's wife bore</i> Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. (His wife Jehudijah bore Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Sochoh, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah.) And these were the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, whom Mered took. The sons of Hodiah's wife, the sister of Naham, <i>were</i> the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and of Eshtemoa the Maachathite. And the sons of Shimon <i>were</i> Amnon, Rinnah, Ben-Hanan, and Tilon. And the sons of Ishi <i>were</i> Zoheth and Ben-Zoheth. The sons of Shelah the son of Judah <i>were</i> Er the father of Lecah, Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of the linen workers of the house of Ashbea; also Jokim, the men of Chozeba, and Joash; Saraph, who ruled in Moab, and Jashubi-Lehem. Now the records are ancient. These <i>were</i> the potters and those who dwell at Netaim and Gederah; there they dwelt with the king for his work.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">The sons of Judah were</span></b></span>: Since the focus of these genealogies is the dynastic line of David, it makes sense that the tribe of <b><span class="c3">Judah</span></b> is listed first.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "Ezra expected his readers to recognize (from <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',2,5);">2:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',2,18);">2:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',2,50);">2:50</a>) that the five <i>descendants</i> of Judah, from Perez to Shobal, were not brothers but successive generations. 'Carmi' must therefore be a scribal error for Caleb." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Now Jabez was more honorable than his brothers</span></b>: This man <b><span class="c3">Jabez</span></b> is one of the more interesting briefly-mentioned people of the Old Testament. We only know of him from this text, and from the town of scribes that may have been named after him or associated with him (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',2,55);">1Ch 2:55</a>).</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "While through these genealogies, and indeed through all the history, we are occupied with those connected with government and the procession of events leading to universal issues, it is refreshing to be halted by the story of one man who took his need directly to God and obtained the answer of God's grace." (Morgan)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "On these accounts he was <i>more honourable than his brethren</i>. He was of the same stock and the same lineage; he had neither nobility of birth, nor was distinguished by earthly titles; in all these respects he was on a level with his brethren: but God tells us that he was <i>more honourable than them all</i>; and why? because he <i>prayed</i>, because he <i>served his Maker</i>, and because he <i>lived to do good among men</i>; therefore he received the honour that cometh from God." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">His mother called his name Jabez</span></b>: This name is associated with pain or sorrow. For some reason, probably surrounding the circumstances of his birth, his mother named him this. Because of the strong importance of the idea of a <i>name</i> in ancient Hebrew culture, this idea of <i>pain</i> was heavy with and upon Jabez - perhaps especially in his growing up.</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">And Jabez called on the God of Israel</span></b>: Jabez was honored, and we know little more of him than that he was a man of prayer and that his prayer was answered. One way to gain honor in the Kingdom of God is through prayer, instead of through ambition and achievement. Jabez had four basic requests in his prayer.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. First, Jabez prayed to be blessed <b><span class="c3">indeed</span></b>. There are many who are blessed, but they are not <b><span class="c3">blessed indeed</span></b>. That is, they have something that is in one sense a blessings (such as family, salvation, wealth, fame, health, security), but yet because of fundamental dissatisfaction in their life, they are not <b><span class="c3">blessed indeed</span></b>.</p>
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<ul class="c6">
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<li>Even worse, sometimes blessings turn out to be a curse to us in that we make an idol of the blessing. In this, we see the great wisdom of Jabez's prayer.</li>
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<li>In the same way, many things that are outwardly curses end up being blessings <b><span class="c3">indeed</span></b> to us.</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="c5">ii. Jabez prayed for enlarged <b><span class="c3">territory</span></b>. Virtually all older commentators agree with Matthew Poole that Jabez <b><span class="c3">called on the God of Israel</span></b> "when he was undertaking some great and dangerous service," in particular the conquest of the land of Canaan. Therefore, when he prayed "<b><span class="c3">enlarge my territory</span></b>," it was to "drive out these wicked and cursed Canaanties, whom thou hast commanded us to root out, and therefore I justly beg and expect thy blessing in the execution of thy command." (Poole)</p>
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<ul class="c6">
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<li>Adam Clarke quotes a Chaldean translation of this prayer, with the line: <i>and enlarge my borders with disciples</i>. This, together with the scribal city associated with his name, indicates (but does not prove) that Jabez's desire for more territory was not only to displace the wicked, but also to advance the cause of godliness through the multiplication of disciples.</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="c5">iii. Jabez asked that the <b><span class="c3">hand</span></b> of God would be <b><span class="c3">with</span></b> him. "The 'hand of the Lord' is a biblical term for God's power and presence in the lives of His people (see <a onclick="return mV('Jos',4,24);">Jos 4:24</a> and <a onclick="return mV('Isa',59,1);">Isa 59:1</a>)." (Wilkinson)</p>
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<ul class="c6">
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<li>The phrase <i>the hand of the <span class="c7">Lord</span></i> is used many times in the Old Testament, and often in a negative sense - that is, in the sense of God's hand being <i>against</i> someone in judgment. Here Jabez prayed that the <b><span class="c3">hand</span></b> of the <span class="c7">Lord</span> would be <b><span class="c3">with</span></b> him.</li>
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<li>In <a onclick="return mV('Psa',77,10);">Psa 77:10</a>, the Psalmist wrote: <i>I will remember the years of the right hand of the Most High.</i> Here Jabez prayed in advance for something to remember later - to see the <b><span class="c3">hand</span></b> of God <b><span class="c3">with</span></b> him now.</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="c5">iv. Jabez asked to be kept from <b><span class="c3">evil</span></b> and that he would <b><span class="c3">not cause pain</span></b>. Some other translations render this with the idea that <b><span class="c3">pain</span></b> Jabez did not want to cause was his own. "He used this expression in allusion to his name, which signifies <i>grief</i>; Lord, let me not have that grief which my name implies, and which my sin deserves." (Poole)</p>
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<ul class="c6">
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<li>In this Jabez recognized the evil in this world, no doubt because he had lived through much pain in his life.</li>
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<li>In this Jabez recognized that he needed God to keep him from evil.</li>
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<li>In this Jabez recognized that the hand of God to bless us can transform the evil and pain of life.</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">So God granted him what he requested</span></b>: This, of course, is the measure of effective prayer - that it is answered from heaven (allowing that "No" or "Wait" can also be an answer). Yet when we are close to the heart of God and pray for the things important to Him and His kingdom, we expect that our prayers will be <b><span class="c3">granted</span></b> (<a onclick="return mV('1Jo',5,14);">1Jo 5:14</a>).</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "If we take up the character and conduct of Jabez in the view given by the <i>Chaldee</i>, we shall not only see him as a <i>pious</i> and <i>careful</i> man, deeply interested in behalf of <i>himself</i> and his <i>family</i>, but we shall see him as a <i>benevolent</i> man, labouring for the welfare of others, and especially for the religious instruction of <i>youth</i>. He founded <i>schools</i>, in which the young and rising generation were taught useful knowledge, and especially the knowledge of God. He had <i>disciples</i>, which were divided into <i>three classes</i>, who distinguished themselves by their <i>fervour</i> in the <i>worship of God</i>, by their <i>docility</i> in obediently hearing and treasuring up the advices and instructions of their teachers, and by their deep piety to God in bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit. The <i>spirit of prophecy</i>, that is, of <i>prayer</i> and <i>supplication</i>, <i>rested upon them</i>." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "Reader, imitate the conduct of this worthy Israelite that thou mayest be a partaker of his blessings." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">f. <b><span class="c3">And these were the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, whom Mered took</span></b>: "The wife of Mered here intended is Bithiah (v. 18). Her identification as a daughter of Pharaoh would locate this event during the early part of Israel's sojourn in Egypt (before 1800 <span class="c7">b.c.</span>), the union probably being made possible because of Joseph's prominence." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c4">g. <b><span class="c3">These were the potters and those who dwell at Netaim and Gederah; there they dwelt with the king for his work</span></b>: Since the broad focus of these chapters is to point to the tribe of Judah and especially to the family of David, these receive special mention because they worked for the king and lived with the king. Charles Spurgeon preached a wonderful sermon on this verse, with four points under the title <i>With the King for His Work!</i></p>
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<p class="c5">i. <i>Our King has many kinds of servants</i>. He has soldiers, watchmen, heralds, scribes, musicians, house servants, gardeners, servants for the children. We should therefore value the different servants and understand and value our own place of service.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. <i>All who live with our King must work</i>. <span>"They did not live on the king's bounty and dwell on the king's country estates to do nothing, but they dwelt there for his work. I do not know whether all that call my Master 'Lord' have caught this idea. I have thought that some of our church members imagine that the cause of Christ was a coach, and that they were to ride on it, and that they would prefer the box seat." (Spurgeon)</span></p>
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<p class="c5">iii. <i>Those that work for the King ought to live with Him</i>. "<span>Now, those that live with Jesus Christ have a sort of secret alphabet between themselves and him. Oftentimes when a Christian man does the right thing . . . Do you know why he had that knack? He lived with his Master, so he knew what you knew not. He knew the meaning of his Master's eye, and it guided him." (Spurgeon)</span></p>
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<p class="c5">iv. <i>We are working for the King</i>. "<span>And after you have received Christ then you shall go forth and serve him. Put out an empty hand and receive Christ into it by a little faith, and then go and serve him, and the Lord bless you henceforth and for ever." (Spurgeon)</span></p>
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<p class="c1"><span>2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',4,'24-43');">4:24-43</a>) The descendents of Simeon.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Simeon <i>were</i> Nemuel, Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, <i>and</i> Shaul, Shallum his son, Mibsam his son, and Mishma his son. And the sons of Mishma <i>were</i> Hamuel his son, Zacchur his son, and Shimei his son. Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters; but his brothers did not have many children, nor did any of their families multiply as much as the children of Judah. They dwelt at Beersheba, Moladah, Hazar Shual, Bilhah, Ezem, Tolad, Bethuel, Hormah, Ziklag, Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susim, Beth Biri, and at Shaaraim. These <i>were</i> their cities until the reign of David. And their villages <i>were</i> Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Tochen, and Ashan; five cities; and all the villages that <i>were</i> around these cities as far as Baal. These <i>were</i> their dwelling places, and they maintained their genealogy: Meshobab, Jamlech, and Joshah the son of Amaziah; Joel, and Jehu the son of Joshibiah, the son of Seraiah, the son of Asiel; Elioenai, Jaakobah, Jeshohaiah, Asaiah, Adiel, Jesimiel, and Benaiah; Ziza the son of Shiphi, the son of Allon, the son of Jedaiah, the son of Shimri, the son of Shemaiah; these mentioned by name <i>were</i> leaders in their families, and their father's house increased greatly. So they went to the entrance of Gedor, as far as the east side of the valley, to seek pasture for their flocks. And they found rich, good pasture, and the land <i>was</i> broad, quiet, and peaceful; for some Hamites formerly lived there. These recorded by name came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah; and they attacked their tents and the Meunites who were found there, and utterly destroyed them, as it is to this day. So they dwelt in their place, because <i>there was</i> pasture for their flocks there. Now <i>some</i> of them, five hundred men of the sons of Simeon, went to Mount Seir, having as their captains Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi. And they defeated the rest of the Amalekites who had escaped. They have dwelt there to this day.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">The sons of Simeon . . . these were the dwelling places</span></b></span>: Simeon and Levi, two of the sons of Jacob, massacred the men of the city of Shechem (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',34,'24-30');">Gen 34:24-30</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Gen',49,'5-7');">49:5-7</a>) and were therefore cursed to be scattered. Therefore, the tribe of Simeon did not have a province to call their own, only these cities, villages, and <b><span class="c3">dwelling places</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "Simeon was granted lands in Palestine only within the arid southwestern portions of Judah (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',19,'1-9');">Jos 19:1-9</a>; cf. <a onclick="return mV('Jos',15,26);">15:26</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Jos',15,'28-32');">28-32</a>); and it campaigned cooperatively with Judah in their conquest (<a onclick="return mV('Jdg',1,3);">Jdg 1:3</a>)." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "For after the division of Solomon's kingdom in 930 <span class="c7">b.c.</span>, elements of Simeon either moved to the north or at least adopted its religious practices (cf. the inclusion of Beersheba along with the shrines of Ephraim that are condemned in <a onclick="return mV('Amo',5,5);">Amo 5:5</a>) . . . Other Simeonites carried on in a seminomadic life in isolated areas that they could occupy, such as those noted at the close of this chapter." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. "This genealogy is very different from that given in <a onclick="return mV('Gen',46,10);">Gen 46:10</a>, and <a onclick="return mV('Num',26,12);">Num 26:12</a>. This may be occasioned by the same person having several names, one <i>list</i> taking one name, another list some other, and so on: to reconcile is impossible; to attempt it, useless." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">But his brothers did not have many children, nor did any of their families multiply as much as the children of Judah</span></b>: The census data both at the beginning and the end of the Book of Numbers indicates that the population of the tribe of Simeon decreased radically during the wilderness years of the exodus. They were among the largest tribes at the beginning and among the smallest tribes at the end.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "Of this tribe was that shameless fornicator, Zimri (<a onclick="return mV('Num',35,'1-');">Num 35</a>), as also Judas Iscariot, as Jerome affirmeth." (Trapp)</p>
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<p><span>B. The tribes of Israel settling east of the Jordan River.</span></p>
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<p class="c1"><span>1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',5,'1-10');">5:1-10</a>) The descendents of Reuben.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; he <i>was</i> indeed the firstborn, but because he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph, the son of Israel, so that the genealogy is not listed according to the birthright; yet Judah prevailed over his brothers, and from him <i>came</i> a ruler, although the birthright was Joseph's; the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. The sons of Joel <i>were</i> Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son, and Beerah his son, whom Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria carried into captivity. He <i>was</i> leader of the Reubenites. And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was registered: the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah, and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal Meon. Eastward they settled as far as the entrance of the wilderness this side of the River Euphrates, because their cattle had multiplied in the land of Gilead. Now in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagrites, who fell by their hand; and they dwelt in their tents throughout the entire <i>area</i> east of Gilead.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a.</span> <b><span class="c3">Reuben the firstborn of Israel; he was indeed the firstborn, but because he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given</span></b>: This answers the question, "If Reuben was the first-born son, why is he not listed first?" It was because of the sin described in this verse, which disqualified Reuben from being first among the sons of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Now in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagrites</span></b>: "The <i>Hagarites</i> were tribes of <i>Nomade</i>, or <i>Scenite</i>, Arabs; people who lived in <i>tents</i>, without any fixed dwellings, and whose property consisted in <i>cattle</i>. The descendants of Reuben extirpated these Hagarites, seized on their property and their tents, and dwelt in their place." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',5,'11-22');">5:11-22</a>) The descendents of Gad.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">And the children of Gad dwelt next to them in the land of Bashan as far as Salcah: Joel <i>was</i> the chief, Shapham the next, then Jaanai and Shaphat in Bashan, and their brethren of their father's house: Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jachan, Zia, and Eber; seven <i>in all</i><span>.</span> These <i>were</i> the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz; Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, <i>was</i> chief of their father's house. And <i>the Gadites</i> dwelt in Gilead, in Bashan and in its villages, and in all the common-lands of Sharon within their borders. All these were registered by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. The sons of Reuben, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh <i>had</i> forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty valiant men, men able to bear shield and sword, to shoot with the bow, and skillful in war, who went to war. They made war with the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab. And they were helped against them, and the Hagrites were delivered into their hand, and all who <i>were</i> with them, for they cried out to God in the battle. He heeded their prayer, because they put their trust in Him. Then they took away their livestock; fifty thousand of their camels, two hundred and fifty thousand of their sheep, and two thousand of their donkeys; also one hundred thousand of their men; for many fell dead, because the war <i>was</i> God's. And they dwelt in their place until the captivity.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">For they cried out to God in the battle</span></b></span>: As these men of Gad did what God called them to do, they trusted in Him in the midst of the <b><span class="c3">battle</span></b>. Because <b><span class="c3">they put their trust in Him</span></b>, God delivered them in the battle.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Trapp on <b><span class="c3">for they cried to God in the battle</span></b>: "So did Jabez (chapter 4); Jehoshaphat (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',20,'1-');">2Ch 20</a>); the thundering legion; the late king of Sweden, whose prayer before the great battle of Lutzen - where he fell, - was, 'Jesus vouchsafe this day to be my strong helper; and give me courage to fight for the honour of thy name.' Prayer alone he held the surest piece of his whole armour."</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>b.</span> <b><span class="c3">Also one hundred thousand of their men; for many fell dead, because the war was God's</span></b>: This describes the unique wars of judgment God called Israel to bring against the Canaanites when they came into the Promised Land.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "This was a war of extermination as to the political state of the people, which nothing could justify but a special direction of God; and this he could never give against any, unless the cup of their iniquity had been full. The Hagrites were full of idolatry: see <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',5,25);">1Ch 5:25</a>." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>3. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',5,'23-26');">5:23-26</a>) The descendents of the eastern tribe of Manasseh.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">So the children of the half-tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land. Their <i>Num</i> increased from Bashan to Baal Hermon, that is, to Senir, or Mount Hermon. These <i>were</i> the heads of their fathers' houses: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel. They were mighty men of valor, famous men, <i>and</i> heads of their fathers' houses. And they were unfaithful to the God of their fathers, and played the harlot after the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them. So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, that is, Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria. He carried the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh into captivity. He took them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river of Gozan to this day.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a.</span> <b><span class="c3">They were mighty men of valor, famous men, and heads of their fathers' houses</span></b>: These original settlers of the eastern tribe of Manasseh were godly and bold men. Their desire to settle east of the Jordan River did not reflect an ungodly desire on <i>their</i> part.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">And they were unfaithful to the God of their fathers, and played the harlot after the gods of the peoples of the land</span></b>: Despite the good start for the eastern tribe of Manasseh, this is how they ended up. Their distance from the people of Israel in general and the spiritual life of the nation in particular seemed to weaken their devotion to God and strengthen their attraction to <b><span class="c3">the gods of the peoples of the land</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "The remaining verses of chapter 5 describe an early, joint military campaign (vv. 18-22, elaborating v. 10) - in which God rewarded their faith and their prayers with a great victory over the Ishmaelites - and their later deportation to Assyria (vv. 25-26), as the result of collective apostasy." (Payne)</p>
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<p><span>C. The tribe of Levi.</span></p>
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<p class="c1"><span>1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',6,'1-30');">6:1-30</a>) The descendents of Levi.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Levi <i>were</i> Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. The sons of Kohath <i>were</i> Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. The children of Amram <i>were</i> Aaron, Moses, and Miriam. And the sons of Aaron <i>were</i> Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. Eleazar begot Phinehas, <i>and</i> Phinehas begot Abishua; Abishua begot Bukki, and Bukki begot Uzzi; Uzzi begot Zerahiah, and Zerahiah begot Meraioth; Meraioth begot Amariah, and Amariah begot Ahitub; Ahitub begot Zadok, and Zadok begot Ahimaaz; Ahimaaz begot Azariah, and Azariah begot Johanan; Johanan begot Azariah (it was he who ministered as priest in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem); Azariah begot Amariah, and Amariah begot Ahitub; Ahitub begot Zadok, and Zadok begot Shallum; Shallum begot Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begot Azariah; Azariah begot Seraiah, and Seraiah begot Jehozadak. Jehozadak went <i>into captivity</i> when the <span class="c7">Lord</span> carried Judah and Jerusalem into captivity by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. The sons of Levi <i>were</i> Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. These are the names of the sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei. The sons of Kohath <i>were</i> Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. The sons of Merari <i>were</i> Mahli and Mushi. Now these <i>are</i> the families of the Levites according to their fathers: Of Gershon <i>were</i> Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, <i>and</i> Jeatherai his son. The sons of Kohath <i>were</i> Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, Elkanah his son, Ebiasaph his son, Assir his son, Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son. The sons of Elkanah <i>were</i> Amasai and Ahimoth. <i>As for</i> Elkanah, the sons of Elkanah <i>were</i> Zophai his son, Nahath his son, Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, <i>and</i> Elkanah his son. The sons of Samuel <i>were Joel</i> the firstborn, and Abijah the second. The sons of Merari <i>were</i> Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzzah his son, Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, <i>and</i> Asaiah his son.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">The sons of Levi were</span></b></span>: This chapter describes the descendants of <b><span class="c3">Levi</span></b> and of <b><span class="c3">Aaron</span></b>. The entire tribe of Levi had a special place in Israel, given over to the service of God generally. Within the tribe of Levi was a special priestly family descended from <b><span class="c3">Aaron</span></b>. All priests were therefore Levites, but not all Levites were priests.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "It has been well remarked that the genealogy of <i>Levi</i> is given here more ample and correct than that of any of the others. And this is perhaps an additional proof that the author was a <i>priest</i>, felt much for the priesthood, and took care to give the genealogy of the Levitical and sacerdotal families, from the most correct tables; for with such tables we may presume he was intimately acquainted." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. As previously seen, Simeon and Levi were both cursed to be scattered because of their massacre of the men of Shechem (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',34,'24-30');">Gen 34:24-30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gen',49,'5-7');">49:5-7</a>). God did in fact both divide the tribes of Simeon and Levi and scatter them among Israel. Yet the way it happened for each tribe was different. The tribe of Simeon, because of their lack of faithfulness, was effectively dissolved as a tribe, and the tribe of Simeon was absorbed into the tribal area of Judah. The tribe of Levi was also scattered, but because of the faithfulness of this tribe during the rebellion of the golden calf (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',32,'26-28');">Exd 32:26-28</a>), the tribe was scattered as a blessing throughout the whole nation of Israel. Both were scattered, but one as a blessing and the other as curse.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">In the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem</span></b>: "So called to distinguish it from the second temple, which was built or in building when these books were written." (Poole)</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">When the <span class="c7">Lord</span> carried Judah and Jerusalem into captivity by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar</span></b>: According to pattern, the inspired historian saw the hand of God even in the great tragedy that still afflicted Judah at the time of writing Chronicles. It was not the Babylonian Empire that <b><span class="c3">carried Judah and Jerusalem into captivity</span></b>, but it was the <span class="c7">Lord</span>.</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',6,'31-48');">6:31-48</a>) The musicians for the House of the <span class="c7">Lord</span>.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">Now these are the men whom David appointed over the service of song in the house of the <span class="c7">Lord</span>, after the ark came to rest. They were ministering with music before the dwelling place of the tabernacle of meeting, until Solomon had built the house of the <span class="c7">Lord</span> in Jerusalem, and they served in their office according to their order. And these <i>are</i> the ones who ministered with their sons: Of the sons of the Kohathites <i>were</i> Heman the singer, the son of Joel, the son of Samuel, the son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah, the son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, the son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah, the son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel. And his brother Asaph, who stood at his right hand, <i>was</i> Asaph the son of Berachiah, the son of Shimea, the son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchijah, the son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei, the son of Jahath, the son of Gershon, the son of Levi. Their brethren, the sons of Merari, on the left hand, <i>were</i> Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, the son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shamer, the son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. And their brethren, the Levites, <i>were</i> appointed to every kind of service of the tabernacle of the house of God.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a.</span> <b><span class="c3">Whom David appointed over the service of song in the house of the <span class="c7">Lord</span>, after the ark came to rest</span></b>: The dramatic entry of the ark of the covenant into Jerusalem is described in both <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',6,'1-');">2Sa 6</a> and <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',15,'1-16');">1Ch 15-16</a>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. The fact that David <b><span class="c3">appointed</span></b> these men over the <b><span class="c3">service of song</span></b> shows that the musical worship of God is <i>important</i>, it is <i>worthy of attention</i>, and <i>should be organized</i>. In fact, it is specifically said <b><span class="c3">they served in their office according to their order</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. It could perhaps be said that the artistic temperament resists organization, and it is certainly possible to be too ordered and too rigid, refusing to allow a proper flexibility in the Holy Spirit. Nevertheless, organization and order remain part of a good music ministry.</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. <b><span class="c3">They were ministering with music</span></b>: Their <i>ministry</i> was <i>music</i>. It was sacred service before the <span class="c7">Lord</span>, worthy of their dedication and hard work.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>b. <b><span class="c3">Heman the singer</span></b></span>: This man is mentioned several times in connection with temple worship in the days of David and Solomon (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',15,'17-19');">1Ch 15:17-19</a>, <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',16,'41-42');">16:41-42</a>, <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',25,'1-7');">25:1-7</a>, <a onclick="return mV('2Ch',5,'12-13');">2Ch 5:12-13</a>). He was an important part of the ceremonies connected with bringing the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem and the dedication of the temple.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. <a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,'1-');">Psa 88</a> is attributed to Heman: <i>A Song. A Psalm of the sons of Korah. To the Chief Musician. Set to "Mahalath Leannoth." A Contemplation</i> [Maschil] <i>of Heman the Ezrahite</i>.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. <a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,'1-');">Psa 88</a> shows us a man well acquainted with sorrow and trouble: <i>For my soul is full of troubles</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,3);">88:3</a>) . . . <i>I am like a man who has no strength</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,4);">88:4</a>) . . . <i>Your wrath lies heavy upon me</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,7);">88:7</a>). Some of the sweetest songs come from the heaviest sorrow.</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. <a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,'1-');">Psa 88</a> also shows us a man who could take his grief to the <span class="c7">Lord</span>: <i>But to You I have cried out, O <span class="c7">Lord</span>, and in the morning my prayer comes before You</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,13);">88:13</a>). It is not a confident or triumphant psalm, but the undercurrent of trust and refuge in God runs through the song of sorrow.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">And his brother Asaph, who stood at his right hand</span></b>: Partnered with <b><span class="c3">Heman the singer</span></b> was <b><span class="c3">Asaph</span></b>, making for one of the great worship-leading combinations in history.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. This is the first mention of Asaph in the Bible; the Asaph listed in <a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,18);">2Ki 18:18</a> and <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',18,37);">18:37</a> is a different man. Asaph was a man of wide and long-lasting influence among God's people.</p>
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<ul class="c6">
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<li><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',15,'17-19');">1Ch 15:17-19</a> mentions Asaph as a fellow singer with Heman and Ethan.</li>
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<li><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',16,5);">1Ch 16:5</a> describes Asaph as <i>the chief</i> at the ceremony bringing the ark of the covenant into Jerusalem.</li>
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<li><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',16,7);">1Ch 16:7</a> says that David delivered a psalm to Asaph and his brethren at that ceremony. Apparently, David wrote the psalm and Asaph and his brethren performed it.</li>
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<li><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',16,17);">1Ch 16:17</a> says that Asaph was left with the responsibility to daily minister before the ark of the covenant when it was brought into the Jerusalem in David's time.</li>
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<li><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',25,6);">1Ch 25:6</a> says that Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman served in music under the authority of King David.</li>
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<li><a onclick="return mV('2Ch',20,14);">2Ch 20:14</a> and <a onclick="return mV('2Ch',29,13);">29:13</a> indicate that the influence of Asaph lasted far beyond his death, in that future worship leaders and musicians were known as the <i>sons of Asaph</i>, even to the days of Ezra (<a onclick="return mV('Ezr',2,41);">Ezr 2:41</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Ezr',3,10);">3:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Neh',7,44);">Neh 7:44</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Neh',11,17);">11:17</a> and <a onclick="return mV('Neh',11,22);">22</a>).</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="c5">ii. 12 Psalms are attributed to Asaph (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',50,'1-');">Psa 50</a> and <a onclick="return mV('Psa',73,'1-');">Psas 73</a> through <a onclick="return mV('Psa',83,'1-');">83</a>).</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>d.</span> <b><span class="c3">Appointed to every kind of service of the tabernacle of the house of God</span></b>: The Levites served God in almost every conceivable way, both practical and spiritual in appearance. <b><span class="c3">Every kind of service</span></b> is important and precious to God.</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>3. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',6,'49-53');">6:49-53</a>) The family of Aaron.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">But Aaron and his sons offered sacrifices on the altar of burnt offering and on the altar of incense, for all the work of the Most Holy <i>Place,</i> and to make atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. Now these <i>are</i> the sons of Aaron: Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, Zadok his son, <i>and</i> Ahimaaz his son.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a.</span> <b><span class="c3">But Aaron and his sons offered sacrifices on the altar</span></b>: The priesthood descended from Aaron and Aaron only. He, his sons, and their descendants were the only ones authorized to offer <b><span class="c3">sacrifices on the altar</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">And to make atonement for Israel</span></b>: Only an authorized priest could make atonement. Though Jesus was not descended from Aaron, He was nevertheless an authorized priest according to the order of Melchezidek, not Aaron (<a onclick="return mV('Hbr',7,'1-');">Hbr 7</a>).</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">Now these are the sons of Aaron</span></b>: <i>Not</i> listed are the two disobedient sons of Aaron (Nadab and Abihu) who were judged for bringing a strange fire of corrupt worship to the altar (<a onclick="return mV('Lev',10,'1-');">Lev 10</a>).</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>4. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',6,'54-81');">6:54-81</a>) The cities and common-lands of the Levites.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">Now these <i>are</i> their dwelling places throughout their settlements in their territory, for they were <i>given</i> by lot to the sons of Aaron, of the family of the Kohathites: They gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, with its surrounding common-lands. But the fields of the city and its villages they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. And to the sons of Aaron they gave <i>one of</i> the cities of refuge, Hebron; also Libnah with its common-lands, Jattir, Eshtemoa with its common-lands, Hilen with its common-lands, Debir with its common-lands, Ashan with its common-lands, and Beth Shemesh with its common-lands. And from the tribe of Benjamin: Geba with its common-lands, Alemeth with its common-lands, and Anathoth with its common-lands. All their cities among their families <i>were</i> thirteen. To the rest of the family of the tribe of the Kohathites <i>they gave</i> by lot ten cities from half the tribe of Manasseh. And to the sons of Gershon, throughout their families, <i>they gave</i> thirteen cities from the tribe of Issachar, from the tribe of Asher, from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan. To the sons of Merari, throughout their families, <i>they gave</i> twelve cities from the tribe of Reuben, from the tribe of Gad, and from the tribe of Zebulun. So the children of Israel gave <i>these</i> cities with their common-lands to the Levites. And they gave by lot from the tribe of the children of Judah, from the tribe of the children of Simeon, and from the tribe of the children of Benjamin these cities which are called by <i>their</i> names. Now some of the families of the sons of Kohath <i>were given</i> cities as their territory from the tribe of Ephraim. And they gave them <i>one of</i> the cities of refuge, Shechem with its common-lands, in the mountains of Ephraim, also Gezer with its common-lands, Jokmeam with its common-lands, Beth Horon with its common-lands, Aijalon with its common-lands, and Gath Rimmon with its common-lands. And from the half-tribe of Manasseh: Aner with its common-lands and Bileam with its common-lands, for the rest of the family of the sons of Kohath. From the family of the half-tribe of Manasseh the sons of Gershon <i>were given</i> Golan in Bashan with its common-lands and Ashtaroth with its common-lands. And from the tribe of Issachar: Kedesh with its common-lands, Daberath with its common-lands, Ramoth with its common-lands, and Anem with its common-lands. And from the tribe of Asher: Mashal with its common-lands, Abdon with its common-lands, Hukok with its common-lands, and Rehob with its common-lands. And from the tribe of Naphtali: Kedesh in Galilee with its common-lands, Hammon with its common-lands, and Kirjathaim with its common-lands. From the tribe of Zebulun the rest of the children of Merari <i>were given</i> Rimmon with its common-lands and Tabor with its common-lands. And on the other side of the Jordan, across from Jericho, on the east side of the Jordan, <i>they were given</i> from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer in the wilderness with its common-lands, Jahzah with its common-lands, Kedemoth with its common-lands, and Mephaath with its common-lands. And from the tribe of Gad: Ramoth in Gilead with its common-lands, Mahanaim with its common-lands, Heshbon with its common-lands, and Jazer with its common-lands.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a.</span> <b><span class="c3">Now these are their dwelling places throughout their settlements</span></b>: According to <a onclick="return mV('Num',18,'20-24');">Num 18:20-24</a>, the tribe of Levi had no province of land as the other tribes did. Their inheritance was the <span class="c7">Lord</span> Himself and the tithes that the people of God brought to them.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">They gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, with its surrounding common-lands</span></b>: After this pattern, the Levites were "sprinkled" throughout the land of Israel by giving them cities in the different tribal provinces, cities together with surrounding <b><span class="c3">common-lands</span></b> (<a onclick="return mV('Num',35,'1-8');">Num 35:1-8</a>).</p>
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<p><span>D. The other tribes of Israel.</span></p>
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<p class="c1"><span>1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,'1-5');">7:1-5</a>) The descendents of Issachar.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Issachar <i>were</i> Tola, Puah, Jashub, and Shimron; four <i>in all.</i> The sons of Tola <i>were</i> Uzzi, Rephaiah, Jeriel, Jahmai, Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father's house. <i>The sons</i> of Tola <i>were</i> mighty men of valor in their generations; their number in the days of David <i>was</i> twenty-two thousand six hundred. The son of Uzzi <i>was</i> Izrahiah, and the sons of Izrahiah <i>were</i> Michael, Obadiah, Joel, and Ishiah. All five of them <i>were</i> chief men. And with them, by their generations, according to their fathers' houses, <i>were</i> thirty-six thousand troops ready for war; for they had many wives and sons. Now their brethren among all the families of Issachar <i>were</i> mighty men of valor, listed by their genealogies, eighty-seven thousand in all.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Thirty-six thousand troops ready for war</span></b>: "For Israhiah and his four sons, even with 'many wives,' to have '36,000' warriors seems unlikely, as does the total (vv. 2-5) of 145,600 for just one tribe of the Twelve. This appears to be the first of nine passages in Chronicles where <i>elep</i> ('thosuand') might be better interpreted as <i>allup</i> ('chief')." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,'6-12');">7:6-12</a>) The descendents of Benjamin.</span></p>
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<p class="c2"><i>The sons</i> of Benjamin <i>were</i> Bela, Becher, and Jediael; three <i>in all.</i> The sons of Bela were Ezbon, Uzzi, Uzziel, Jerimoth, and Iri; five <i>in all.</i> They <i>were</i> heads of <i>their</i> fathers' houses, and they were listed by their genealogies, twenty-two thousand and thirty-four mighty men of valor. The sons of Becher <i>were</i> Zemirah, Joash, Eliezer, Elioenai, Omri, Jerimoth, Abijah, Anathoth, and Alemeth. All these <i>are</i> the sons of Becher. And they were recorded by genealogy according to their generations, heads of their fathers' houses, twenty thousand two hundred mighty men of valor. The son of Jediael <i>was</i> Bilhan, and the sons of Bilhan <i>were</i> Jeush, Benjamin, Ehud, Chenaanah, Zethan, Tharshish, and Ahishahar. All these sons of Jediael <i>were</i> heads of their fathers' houses; <i>there were</i> seventeen thousand two hundred mighty men of valor fit to go out for war <i>and</i> battle. Shuppim and Huppim <i>were</i> the sons of Ir, <i>and</i> Hushim <i>was</i> the son of Aher.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">Ehud</span></b></span>: This was the famous leader for Israel noted in <a onclick="return mV('Jdg',3,'12-30');">Jdg 3:12-30</a>.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">The son of Aher</span></b>: Many believe that is better rendered <i>the sons of Aher</i> and is a veiled reference to the tribe of Dan, who is not otherwise mentioned in this genealogy.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "<i>The sons of Aher</i>; but divers take the Hebrew word <i>aher</i> for a common, not proper name, and render the words this, <i>another son</i>, or <i>the son of another</i> family or tribe, to wit, of Dan, as may be gathered." (Poole)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. There are at least four things that support the idea that this is a veiled reference to the tribe of Dan:</p>
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<ul class="c6">
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<li>In <a onclick="return mV('Gen',46,23);">Gen 46:23</a> <b><span class="c3">Hushim</span></b> is mentioned as the son of Dan.</li>
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<li>The next verse in 1 Chronicles (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,13);">7:13</a>) mentions <b><span class="c3">the sons of Bilhah</span></b>, who was mother to both Dan and <b><span class="c3">Naphtali</span></b>, also mentioned in that verse.</li>
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<li>Otherwise the genealogy of Dan is left out.</li>
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<li>Hebrew writers sometimes used the word <i>another</i> (aher) to describe "an abominable thing which the writer disdained to mention; whence they call a swine, which to them was a very unclean and loathsome creature, <i>another thing</i>."</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="c5">iii. "And it must be remembered that the tribe of Dan had made themselves and their memory infamous and detestable by that gross idolatry, which began first and continued longest in that tribe, <a onclick="return mV('Jdg',18,'1-');">Jdg 18</a>." (Poole)</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>3. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,13);">7:13</a>) The descendents of Naphtali.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Naphtali <i>were</i> Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shallum, the sons of Bilhah.</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>4. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,'14-19');">7:14-19</a>) The descendents of the Western Tribe of Manasseh.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The descendants of Manasseh: his Syrian concubine bore him Machir the father of Gilead, the father of Asriel. Machir took as his wife <i>the sister</i> of Huppim and Shuppim, whose name <i>was</i> Maachah. The name of <i>Gilead's</i> grandson <i>was</i> Zelophehad, but Zelophehad begot only daughters. (Maachah the wife of Machir bore a son, and she called his name Peresh. The name of his brother <i>was</i> Sheresh, and his sons <i>were</i> Ulam and Rakem. The son of Ulam <i>was</i> Bedan.) These <i>were</i> the descendants of Gilead the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh. His sister Hammoleketh bore Ishhod, Abiezer, and Mahlah. And the sons of Shemida were Ahian, Shechem, Likhi, and Aniam.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">But Zelophehad begot only daughters</span></b></span>: Zelophehad is one mentioned in <a onclick="return mV('Num',26,33);">Num 26:33</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Num',27,'1-11');">27:1-11</a> and <a onclick="return mV('Num',36,'1-12');">36:1-12</a> when the question came to Moses about female inheritance rights.</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>5. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,'20-29');">7:20-29</a>) The descendents of Ephraim.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Ephraim <i>were</i> Shuthelah, Bered his son, Tahath his son, Eladah his son, Tahath his son, Zabad his son, Shuthelah his son, and Ezer and Elead. The men of Gath who were born in <i>that</i> land killed <i>them</i> because they came down to take away their cattle. Then Ephraim their father mourned many days, and his brethren came to comfort him. And when he went in to his wife, she conceived and bore a son; and he called his name Beriah, because tragedy had come upon his house. Now his daughter <i>was</i> Sheerah, who built Lower and Upper Beth Horon and Uzzen Sheerah; and Rephah <i>was</i> his son, <i>as well</i> as Resheph, and Telah his son, Tahan his son, Laadan his son, Ammihud his son, Elishama his son, Nun his son, and Joshua his son. Now their possessions and dwelling places <i>were</i> Bethel and its towns: to the east Naaran, to the west Gezer and its towns, and Shechem and its towns, as far as Ayyah and its towns; and by the borders of the children of Manasseh <i>were</i> Beth Shean and its towns, Taanach and its towns, Megiddo and its towns, Dor and its towns. In these dwelt the children of Joseph, the son of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">The sons of Ephraim</span></b></span>: "The Ephraimites were famous for their wealth, power, and prowess; but withal they are noted for insolent, proud, and quarrelsome." (Trapp)</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>6. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,'30-40');">7:30-40</a>) The descendents of Asher.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">The sons of Asher <i>were</i> Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and their sister Serah. The sons of Beriah <i>were</i> Heber and Malchiel, who was the father of Birzaith. And Heber begot Japhlet, Shomer, Hotham, and their sister Shua. The sons of Japhlet <i>were</i> Pasach, Bimhal, and Ashvath. These <i>were</i> the children of Japhlet. The sons of Shemer <i>were</i> Ahi, Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. And the sons of his brother Helem <i>were</i> Zophah, Imna, Shelesh, and Amal. The sons of Zophah <i>were</i> Suah, Harnepher, Shual, Beri, Imrah, Bezer, Hod, Shamma, Shilshah, Jithran, and Beera. The sons of Jether <i>were</i> Jephunneh, Pispah, and Ara. The sons of Ulla <i>were</i> Arah, Haniel, and Rizia. All these <i>were</i> the children of Asher, heads of <i>their</i> fathers' houses, choice men, mighty men of valor, chief leaders. And they were recorded by genealogies among the army fit for battle; their number <i>was</i> twenty-six thousand.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">Their sister Serah . . . their sister Shua</span></b></span>: "The rabbins say that the daughters of Asher were very beautiful, and were all matched with <i>kings</i> or <i>priests</i>." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c1"><span>7. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',8,'1-40');">8:1-40</a>) The descendents of Benjamin.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">Now Benjamin begot Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, Aharah the third, Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. The sons of Bela <i>were</i> Addar, Gera, Abihud, Abishua, Naaman, Ahoah, Gera, Shephuphan, and Huram. These <i>are</i> the sons of Ehud, who were the heads of the fathers' <i>houses</i> of the inhabitants of Geba, and who forced them to move to Manahath: Naaman, Ahijah, and Gera who forced them to move. He begot Uzza and Ahihud. And Shaharaim had children in the country of Moab, after he had sent away Hushim and Baara his wives. By Hodesh his wife he begot Jobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malcam, Jeuz, Sachiah, and Mirmah. These <i>were</i> his sons, heads of their fathers' <i>houses</i><span>.</span> And by Hushim he begot Abitub and Elpaal. The sons of Elpaal <i>were</i> Eber, Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod with its towns; and Beriah and Shema, who <i>were</i> heads of their fathers' <i>houses</i> of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove out the inhabitants of Gath. Ahio, Shashak, Jeremoth, Zebadiah, Arad, Eder, Michael, Ispah, and Joha <i>were</i> the sons of Beriah. Zebadiah, Meshullam, Hizki, Heber, Ishmerai, Jizliah, and Jobab <i>were</i> the sons of Elpaal. Jakim, Zichri, Zabdi, Elienai, Zillethai, Eliel, Adaiah, Beraiah, and Shimrath <i>were</i> the sons of Shimei. Ishpan, Eber, Eliel, Abdon, Zichri, Hanan, Hananiah, Elam, Antothijah, Iphdeiah, and Penuel <i>were</i> the sons of Shashak. Shamsherai, Shehariah, Athaliah, Jaareshiah, Elijah, and Zichri <i>were</i> the sons of Jeroham. These <i>were</i> heads of the fathers' <i>houses</i> by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem. Now the father of Gibeon, whose wife's name <i>was</i> Maacah, dwelt at Gibeon. And his firstborn son <i>was</i> Abdon, then Zur, Kish, Baal, Nadab, Gedor, Ahio, Zecher, and Mikloth, <i>who</i> begot Shimeah. They also dwelt alongside their relatives in Jerusalem, with their brethren. Ner begot Kish, Kish begot Saul, and Saul begot Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh-Baal. The son of Jonathan <i>was</i> Merib-Baal, and Merib-Baal begot Micah. The sons of Micah <i>were</i> Pithon, Melech, Tarea, and Ahaz. And Ahaz begot Jehoaddah; Jehoaddah begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begot Moza. Moza begot Binea, Raphah his son, Eleasah his son, <i>and</i> Azel his son. Azel had six sons whose names <i>were</i> these: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. All these <i>were</i> the sons of Azel. And the sons of Eshek his brother <i>were</i> Ulam his firstborn, Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third. The sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor; archers. <i>They</i> had many sons and grandsons, one hundred and fifty <i>in all.</i> These <i>were</i> all sons of Benjamin.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">Now Benjamin</span></b></span>: The tribe was already mentioned in <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',7,'6-12');">1Ch 7:6-12</a>, but is given more attention here. One reason for this is because the most of these settlements were in the area of Jerusalem, which was the main area that the returning exiles came to in the days Chronicles was written.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "Chronicles elaborates this material, not simply because of the significance of King Saul and his family, as it continued a dozen generations after him, but primarily because of the importance of Benjamin as a tribe, which ranked second only to Judah in postexilic society." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Ner begot Kish, Kish begot Saul</span></b>: "This Ner is also called Abiel (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',9,1);">1Sa 9:1</a>). The Hebrews tell us that his proper name was Abiel; and that he was called Ner - that is, a lamp or torch - because he outshone in holiness."</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">The son of Jonathan <i>was</i> Merib-Baal</span></b>: "The same as <i>Mephi-bosheth</i>; for, as the Israelites detested <i>Baal</i>, which signifies <i>lord</i>, they changed it into <i>bosheth</i>, which signifies <i>shame</i> or <i>reproach</i>." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c8">Azel had six sons whose names were these</span></b>: "Of the six sons of Azel, mentioned <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',8,38);">1Ch 8:38</a>, R.S. Jarchi says that their allegorical expositions were sufficient to load <i>thirteen thousand</i> camels! No doubt these were reputed to be <i>deeply learned</i> men. There was a time when the <i>allegorizers</i> and <i>metaphor-men</i> ranked very high among <i>theologians</i>, even in our own enlightened and critical country. At present they are almost totally out of fashion. May they never recover their footing! But what a shameful hyperbole is that of Jarchi! The writings of six men a load for <i>thirteen thousand camels!</i>" (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">The sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor; archers</span></b>: <b><span class="c3">Archers</span></b> is in "Hebrew, <i>that tread the bow</i>; for the bows of steel, which these used, required great strength to bend them; which therefore they did by treading the bow with their feet, and pulling the string with both their hands." (Poole)</p>
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