148 lines
29 KiB
HTML
148 lines
29 KiB
HTML
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<title>Blue Letter Bible - Text Commentaries</title>
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<h2><a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'1-');">Daniel 11</a></h2>
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<h4>Coming Future Kingdoms</h4>
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<p class="cmn"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'1-');">Chapter 11</a> chronicles 150 years of warfare between the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. (<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'2-10');">Dan 11:2-20</a> has past. <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'36-45');">Dan 11:36-45</a> are clearly future. <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'21-35');">Dan 11:21-35</a> apparently has elements of both.)</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'1');">1</a>] The angel (of <a onclick="return mV('Dan',10,'1-');"></a>Chapter 10</a>) announces three kings: Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius Hystapes (Smerdis).<sup><a id="fn3" href="#fnt3">3</a></sup> (He helped establish Darius as king in the first year of his reign.)</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'2');">2</a>] The fourth king, Xerxes, would instigate trouble with the Greeks (486-465 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) (He appears to be Ahasureus of <a onclick="return mV('Ezr',4,6);">Ezr 4:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Est',1,'1-12');">Esther 1:1-12</a>.) He instituted tax reforms, became very powerful, trained over 2 million warriors for 4 years, built special barges, and attacked Greece in 480 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span> He crossed the Hellespont in 7 days. This attack laid the basis for the vendetta that Alexander exploited later.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'3');">3</a>] The rise of the Greeks, under Alexander the Great, was detailed in <a onclick="return mV('Dan',8,'1-');">Dan 8</a>.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'4');">4</a>] Alexander died without a qualified heir. His half brother, Philip Arrhidaeus, was mentally defective. His two sons (illegitimate Hercules, by Basina, the daughter of Darius, and Young Alexander, posthumously by Roxana) were murdered within 13 years after their father's death. After 22 years of fighting, Alexander's four generals divided up the Empire (as detailed in the notes on <a onclick="return mV('Dan',7,'1-');">Dan 7</a>).</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'5');">5</a>] Ptolemy I Soter taking Egypt and Seleucus Nicator taking Syria led to 150 years of warfare, and the repeated trampling through Israel. <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'1-');">Dan 11</a> chronicles this warfare between the "King of the South" (Egypt) and the "King of the North" (Syria) that continued until Rome marched east and the conquests of Pompey established Roman rule over the area.</p>
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<p class="cmn">The continued attempts by Bible critics to "late date" this passage is a testimony to its accuracy.</p>
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<p class="cmn">Ptolemy I Soter (323-285 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) was one of Alexander's wisest and most capable generals and grew very powerful, but now Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-245 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) grew even more powerful. It was under Ptolemy II's rule that the great library was established at Alexandria and the translation of the Old Testament into Greek (the "Septuagint" translation) was commissioned. The famed mathematician Euclid taught geometry in Ptolemy's court.</p>
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<p class="cmn">Ptolemy I captured Jerusalem in 321 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span> on the Sabbath day without resistance.<sup><a id="fn4" href="#fnt4">4</a></sup> However, in 316 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span> Israel was lost to Ptolemy's rival, Antigonus. After the Battle of Gaza in 312 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, Ptolemy reclaimed it. Seleucus I Nicator (312-281 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>), who cooperated with Ptolemy, made himself the master of Babylon and established the Seleucid Empire, ruling from Antioch.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'6');">6</a>] "end of years" = after a lapse of several years (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',18,2);">2Ch 18:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,8,13);">Dan 11:8, 13</a>). A political marriage was arranged between Antiochus II Theos (262-246 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) and Ptolemy II Philadelphus's daughter, Bernice. Antiochus was required to divorce his own wife, Laodiceia, to facilitate this arrangement. Bernice was unable to prevail against her rival Laodiceia who poisoned Antiochus, murdered Bernice, and set her elder son, Seleucus II Callinicus, on the throne (246 - 226 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>). [Note: this occurs <i>after</i> the Septuagint translation of the OT (285-270 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>), which included the book of Daniel!]</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'7');">7</a>] Ptolemy III Euergetes (245-221 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>), the brother of murdered Bernice, invaded Syria, seized the port of Antioch, and overran Seleucus' empire as far as Babylon.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'8');">8</a>] His spoils for Egypt included 4000 talents of gold, 40,000 talents of silver, and 2500 idols.<sup><a id="fn5" href="#fnt5">5</a></sup> These included some carried from Egypt by Cambyses 280 years earlier. He continued more years than his rival: 24 years vs. 20.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'9');">9</a>] After 2 years Seleucus reorganized and marched south against Egypt, got clobbered, and returned to Antioch with only a small remnant of his army.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'10');">10</a>] The sons of Seleucus II were Seleucus III Ceraunus (226-223 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>), who was murdered during a campaign in Asia Minor, and Antiochus III ("The Great") (223-187 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) who recovered the fortress of Seleucia, the province of Coele-Syria, Tyre, and then resumed the war with Egypt.<sup><a id="fn6" href="#fnt6">6</a></sup></p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'11');">11</a>] In 312 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span> a large Egyptian army, led by Ptolemy IV Philopator (221- 203 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>), marched through Judea until it was met in Lebanon by Antiochus who routed it and captured many Judean cities both west and east of the Jordan.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'12');">12</a>] Initially, the army of Ptolemy IV was larger than that of Antiochus III. In the spring of 219 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, at the battle at Raphia (20 miles south of Gaza), Antiochus commanded 60,000 men and Ptolemy, 70,000. Antiochus was defeated with a loss of 10,000 infantry and 300 cavalry. Ptolemy, indolent and dissolute, signed a peace treaty with Antiochus III.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'13');">13</a>] Ptolemy IV celebrated his victory by a tour of the eastern Mediterranean provinces including Jerusalem. He was prevented from entering the Holy of Holies by paralysis. Returning to Egypt, he took out his chagrin and humiliation by persecuting the Egyptian Jews.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'14');">14</a>] After the death of Ptolemy IV, his son, four years old, succeeded him as Ptolemy V Epiphanes (203-181 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>). Twelve years after the Battle of Raphia, Antiochus III set out with a greater army than before for the conquest of Egyptian territory.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'15');">15</a>] The many that stood up against the King of the South included Antiochus and his ally, Philip of Macedon, as well as risings among the vassals of Egypt. In 200 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, an Egyptian mercenary named Scopas attempted to wrest Judea from Antiochus. After a temporary success, he was defeated by 100,000 troops at Sidon in 198 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span> None were able to stand against Antiochus III ("The Great").</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'16');">16</a>] ("The glorious land" is Judea, cf. <a onclick="return mV('Dan',8,9);">Dan 8:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,19);">Jer 3:19</a>.)</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'17');">17</a>] In 197 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, Antiochus III set out with a fleet to attack Cilicia, Lycia, and Caria, which were under Egyptian control. However, he encountered a disastrous defeat by an upstart power rising on the banks of the Tiber: Rome.</p>
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<p class="cmn">Antiochus' daughter, Cleopatra, was given in a political marriage to Ptolemy (arranged in 197, consummated in 193 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, the groom being 10 years old) along with Coele-Syria, Phoenicia, and Judea as dowry, and in the hopes that he could eventually annex Egypt. He was disappointed, however, as she became a devoted wife instead and sided with Egypt (and her new ally, Rome).</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'18');">18</a>] In 196 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, Antiochus had turned toward the west in Greece, Asia Minor, and crossed the Hellespont to seize part of Thrace. It was Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, who encouraged Antiochus III to fight with the Romans. In 191 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>, Antiochus was defeated by the Romans at Thermopylae. In 190 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span> his army of 80,000 suffered an ignominious defeat in a decisive battle near Smyrna where the Roman commander, Lucius Scipio, forced him to renounce all claims in Europe and Asia Minor.<sup><a id="fn7" href="#fnt7">7</a></sup> He had to surrender all territory west of the Taurus Mountains and pay a heavy tribute of 15,000 talents (over 30 million dollars). He was ruined.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'19');">19</a>] He took it all out on the northeastern part of his kingdom, plundering the temples in his realm.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'20');">20</a>] Seleucus IV Philopater (187-175 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) succeeded Antiochus III, giving his son Demetrius as a hostage in the place of his brother Antiochus, and to meet heavy Roman tribute, oppressed Israel through taxation.<sup><a id="fn8" href="#fnt8">8</a></sup> After 12 years of rule, he is murdered by his treasurer, Heliodorous, who hoped to take over but is out-intrigued by Antiochus IV ("Epiphanes") 175-164 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span></p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'21');">21</a>] Legitimate candidates might have included Demetrius, the son of the Seleucus IV, held as a hostage in Rome, or the younger son, also named Antiochus, who was still a baby in Syria. Antiochus IV was the brother of Seleucus IV, who had also been a hostage for his father in Rome for 14 years. Just prior to the murder of his brother by Heliodorus, he had been recalled to Antioch. His brother died before he reached the capital, and with the help of the king of Pergamum, and posing as the guardian of young Antiochus who was in Syria, Antiochus IV, with numerous intrigues, gained the throne.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'22');">22</a>] "Prince of the covenant" refers to the murder of Onias III, the High Priest in 171 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span><sup><a id="fn9" href="#fnt9">9</a></sup></p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'23');">23</a>] Unlike his fathers, Antiochus IV robbed the richest places of the country under his control. He attacked his enemies when they least expected it. There was a power contest between Antiochus' two nephews, Ptolemy VI Philometer (181-145 <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>BC</span>) and Ptolemy VII Euergetes (Physicon) for control of Egypt.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'25');">25</a>] After the death of his mother, Cleopatra, Ptolemy IV Philometer received bad advice regarding Antiochus IV who swept over his army. When Antiochus conquered Ptolemy Philopater, the Alexandrians brought his brother Ptolemy Physcon to the Egyptian throne.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'27');">27</a>] Antiochus took Philometer under his protection. As uncle and nephew, they eat together at one table and, with lies, discussed policy with one another.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'28');">28</a>] Antiochus returned from his first Egyptian campaign with great riches and turned his attention to despoiling the Temple in Jerusalem.<sup><a id="fn10" href="#fnt10">10</a></sup></p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'29');">29</a>] In his second campaign against Egypt, Antiochus was less successful and failed to take Alexandria. Furthermore, he encountered the Roman navy.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'30');">30</a>] Chittim, or Kittim, is found in the Dead Sea Scrolls as a general reference to the people of the Mediterranean, Cyprus in particular. The Roman fleet of Caius Popillius Laenas sailed from Cyprus to Egypt after a stunning Roman victory over Perseus of Macedon near Pydna, south of Thessalonica.<sup><a id="fn11" href="#fnt11">11</a></sup> The intimidation of the Romans caused Antiochus to return in humiliation to Syria and, looking for someone to take it out on, he then focused on oppressing the Jews.</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'31');">31</a>] The famed "abomination of desolation" now takes place.<sup><a id="fn12" href="#fnt12">12</a></sup> (Two centuries later Jesus predicted this would occur again in the future. It requires the Temple, the preparations for which have begun.)</p>
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<p class="hangIndent">[<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'32');">32</a>] The opposition led to the Maccabean revolt, and the ultimate rededication of the Temple (celebrated to this day at Hanukkah) and the period of the Hasmoneans.</p>
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<p class="cmn">[In <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'1-35');">Dan 11:1-35</a>, approximately 135 prophetic statements have been counted. This is an impressive introduction to the section which follows.]</p>
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<p class="cmn">The remainder of the chapter, <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'36-45');">Dan 11:36-45</a>, has yielded a number of diverse views. Some have attempted to restrict the passage to the historical Antiochus IV, and while his meglamania lends itself to such views, the language seems to go far beyond that. The "Willful King" has been identified by Ibn-Ezra with Constantine the Great; Rashi and Calvin understood him to represent the Roman Empire; Jerome, Theodoret, Luther, J.N. Darby and most "Pre-trib" scholars see him as the Antichrist.</p>
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<p class="cmn">The similarity to other prophetic passages are striking: <a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,'1-');">2Th 2</a>, etc.</p>
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<h5>He Will Be:</h5>
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<div style="margin-left:20px;">
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<table border="0">
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<tr><td valign="top">An intellectual genius:</td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',7,20);">Dan 7:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',8,23);">Dan 8:23</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,3);">Eze 28:3</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">An persuasive orator:</td><td style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',7,20);">Dan 7:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,2);">Rev 13:2</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">A shrewd political manipulator:</td><td style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,21);">Dan 11:21</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">A successful commercial genius:</td><td style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',8,25);">Dan 8:25</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,17);">Rev 13:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',52,7);">Psa 52:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,38,43);">Dan 11:38, 43</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,4,5);">Eze 28:4-5</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">A forceful military leader:</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;"> <a onclick="return mV('Dan',8,24);">Dan 8:24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',6,2);">Rev 6:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,4);">Rev 13:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',4,16);">Isa 4:16</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">A powerful organizer:</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,1,2);">Rev 13:1-2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',17,17);">Rev 17:17</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">A unifying religious guru:</td><td style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,4);">2Th 2:4</a> ("Allah"?); <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,3,14,15);">Rev 13:3,14-15</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="1">See also:</td><td style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',10,'1-');">Psa 10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',52,'1-');">Psa 52</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',55,'1-');">Psa 55</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,'1-');">Isa 10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,'1-');">Isa 11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',13,'1-');">Isa 13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa', 14,'1-');">Isa 14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,'1-');">Jer 49</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',50,'1-');">Jer 50</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',51,'1-');">Jer 51</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',5,'1-');">Zec 5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',18,'1-');">Rev 18</a>.</td></tr>
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</table></div>
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<h5>Jew or Gentile?</h5>
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<p class="cmn">Some believe this leader will be a Jew: <a onclick="return mV('Eze',21,'25-27');">Eze 21:25-27</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,'2-10');">Eze 28:2-10</a> (of the circumcision); <a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,36,37);">Dan 11:36-37</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',5,43);">Jhn 5:43</a> (<i>allos</i>, not <i>heteros</i>: thus, a Jew, not a Gentile); received by Israel, <a onclick="return mV('Psa',55,'1-');">Psa 55</a>.</p>
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<p class="cmn">Some believe he will be a Gentile: Roman Prince, etc. [Remember, there are <i>two players</i> in <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,'1-');">Rev 13</a>.]</p>
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<p class="cmn">The Leader will be the Son of Satan: <a onclick="return mV('Gen',3,15);">Gen 3:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',27,1);">Isa 27:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,'12-19');">Eze 28:12-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,'1-');">Rev 13</a>. (Other allusions to this Coming World Leader are in the list below.)</p>
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<p class="cmn"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,'40-45');">Daniel 11:40-45</a> seem to outline the "Armageddon Scenario" of the final conflict climaxing in <a onclick="return mV('Rev',16,'1-');">Rev 16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,'1-');">Rev 19</a>, etc. <a onclick="return mV('Dan',12,'1-');">Daniel 12</a> continues, with a clear description of the Tribulation period.</p>
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<h4>Allusions to the Antichrist</h4>
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<div style="margin-left:20px;"><table border="0">
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="3"><b>Old Testament: (33)</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">Adversary</td><td valign="top" colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"> <a onclick="return mV('Psa',74,'8-10');">Psa 74:8-10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',59,19);">Isa 59:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Lam',4,11,12);">Lam 4:11-12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Amo',3,11);">Amo 3:11</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Assyrian</td> <td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"> <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,5,12);">Isa 10:5, 12</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Belial</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Nah',1,15);">Nah 1:15</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Bloody and Deceitful Man</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',5,6);">Psa 5:6</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Branch of the Terrible Ones</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',25,5);">Isa 25:5</a>; (Cf. <a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,19);">Isa 14:19</a>)</td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Chief Prince</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Exd',38,2);">Exd 38:2</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Crooked Serpent</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Job',26,13);">Job 26:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',27,1);">Isa 27:1</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Cruel One</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Jer',30,14,23);">Jer 30:14, 23</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Destroyer of the Gentiles</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Jer',4,7);">Jer 4:7</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Enemy</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',55,3);">Psa 55:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',30,14,23);">Jer 30:14, 23</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Evil Man</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',140,1);">Psa 140:1</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Head over many countries</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',110,6);">Psa 110:6</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Head of Northern Army</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Joe',2,20);">Joe 2:20</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Idol Shepherd</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Zec',11,16,17);">Zec 11:16-17</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">King of Princes</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,10);">Hos 8:10</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">King of Babylon</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,'11-20');">Isa 14:11-20</a>; (Cf. <a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,'31-33');">Isa 30:31-33</a>)</td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">Little Horn</td><td valign="top" colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',7,'8-11','21-26');">Dan 7:8-11, 21-26</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',8,'9-12','23-25');">Dan 8:9-12, 23-25</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Man of the Earth</td> <td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',10,18);">Psa 10:18</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Merchant, with balances of deceit</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Hsa',12,7);">Hos 12:7</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Mighty Man</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',52,1);">Psa 52:1</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">Nail</td><td valign="top"> </td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',22,25);">Isa 22:25</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Prince that shall come</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',9,26);">Dan 9:26</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Prince of Tyre</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,'2-10');">Eze 28:2-10</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Profane Wicked Prince of Israel</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Eze',21,'25-27');">Eze 21:25-27</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Proud Man</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Hab',2,5);">Hab 2:5</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Rod of God's anger</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,5);">Isa 10:5</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Seed of the Serpent</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Gen',3,15);">Gen 3:15</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Son of the Morning</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',14,12);">Isa 14:12</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Spoiler, Destroyer</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,4,5);">Isa 16:4-5</a>;</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Vile Person</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,21);">Dan 11:21</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Violent Man</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',140,1,10,11);">Psa 140:1, 10-11</a></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top">Wicked, Wicked One</td><td valign="top" colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Psa',9,17);">Psa 9:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',10,2,4);">Psa 10:2, 4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,4);">Isa 11:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',30,14,23);">Jer 30:14, 23</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Wilful King</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,36);">Dan 11:36</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="3"><b>New Testament: (13)</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Angel of the Bottomless Pit</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Rev',9,11);">Rev 9:11</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Antichrist, Pseudo-Christ</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('1Jo',2,22);">1Jo 2:22</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Beast</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Rev',11,7,13);">Rev 11:7, 13</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">False Prophet</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Rev',13,'1-');">Rev 13</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Father of the lie</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Jhn',8,44);">Jhn 8:44</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,11);">2Th 2:11</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Lawless One</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,8);">2Th 2:8</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Man of Sin</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,3);">2Th 2:3</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">One come in his own name</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Jhn',5,43);">Jhn 5:43</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Prince of Darkness</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('1Th',5,'1-');">1Th 5</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Son of Perdition</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,3);">2Th 2:3</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Star</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Rev',8,10);">Rev 8:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',9,1);">Rev 9:1</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Unclean Spirit</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Mat',12,43);">Mat 12:43</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td valign="top" colspan="2">Vine of the earth</td><td valign="top" style="text-align:right;"><a onclick="return mV('Rev',14,18);">Rev 14:18</a></td></tr>
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</table></div>
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<h5>Judas Reincarnated?</h5>
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<p class="cmn">(Some believe he is <b>Judas Iscariot</b> reincarnated: <a onclick="return mV('Psa',55,'11-14');">Psa 55:11-14</a>; Death & Hell: <a onclick="return mV('Isa',28,18);">Isa 28:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',6,8);">Rev 6:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mat',12,'41-43');">Mat 12:41-43</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',17,12);">Jhn 17:12></a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',6,7);">Jhn 6:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,3);">2Th 2:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Act',1,25);">Act 1:25</a>, with <a onclick="return mV('Rev',11,7);">Rev 11:7</a>.)
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He emerges out of the <i>Abousso</i>, <a onclick="return mV('Rev',11,7);">Rev 11:7</a></p>
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<h5>Nomenclature Issues</h5>
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<p class="cmn">"Pre/Mid/Post-Tribulation" Views:</p>
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<div align="center"><img src="./gifs/comm/missler/dan11_1.gif"><br></div>
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<hr width="80%" align="center" size="1">
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<h5>Notes</h5>
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<ul>
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<li><a id="fnt3"></a><sup><a href="#fn3">3</a></sup>Herodotus III.89-97.</li>
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<li><a id="fnt4"></a><sup><a href="#fn4">4</a></sup>Josephus,<i>Antiquities</i> XII.i.1.</li>
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<li><a id="fnt5"></a><sup><a href="#fn5">5</a></sup> Polybius, <i>Histories</i> V.38.</li>
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<li><a id="fnt6"></a><sup><a href="#fn6">6</a></sup> Polybius, <i>Histories</i> II.71.</li>
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<li><a id="fnt7"></a><sup><a href="#fn7">7</a></sup>Appian, <i>Roman History; The Syrian Wars</i> XI.i.5; XI.vii.38.</li>
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<li><a id="fnt8"></a><sup><a href="#fn8">8</a></sup>2 Maccabees 3:1-12, 24-31</li>
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<li><a id="fnt9"></a><sup><a href="#fn9">9</a></sup> 2 Maccabees 4:30-35</li>
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<li><a id="fnt10"></a><sup><a href="#fn10">10</a></sup> 1 Maccabees 1:16-29</li>
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<li><a id="fnt11"></a><sup><a href="#fn11">11</a></sup> Livy's <i>Annales</i>, XLIV.37.</li>
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<li><a id="fnt12"></a><sup><a href="#fn12">12</a></sup> 2 Maccabees 5:11-18; 6:1-11. Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i>, XII.ii.6.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></div>
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