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104 lines
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<p id="Chapter49" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 49
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<p id="Isa49_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,'1-26');">Isa 49:1-26</a>. SIMILAR TO CHAPTER 42:1-7; ISAIAH 49:1-9</a>).
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<p>Messiah, as the ideal Israel (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,3);">Isa 49:3</a>), states the object of His mission, His want of success for a time, yet His certainty of ultimate success.
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<p><b>1. O isles</b>—Messiah is here regarded as having been rejected by the Jews (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,4,5);">Isa 49:4-5</a>), and as now turning to the Gentiles, to whom the Father hath given Him "for a light and salvation." "Isles" mean all regions <i>beyond sea.</i>
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<br><br><b>from the womb</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',44,2);">Isa 44:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Luk',1,31);">Luk 1:31</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',10,36);">Jhn 10:36</a>).
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<br><br><b>from...bowels...mention of my name</b>—His name "Jesus" (that is, God-Saviour) was designated by God before His birth (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',1,21);">Mat 1:21</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_2"><b>2. my mouth...sword</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,4);">Isa 11:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,15);">Rev 19:15</a>). The double office of the Word of God, saving and damnatory, is implied (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',50,4);">Isa 50:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',12,48);">Jhn 12:48</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',4,12);">Hbr 4:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>shaft</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',45,5);">Psa 45:5</a>). "Polished," that is, free from all rust, implies His unsullied purity.
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<br><br><b>in...quiver...hid me</b>—Like a sword in its scabbard, or a shaft in the quiver, Messiah, before His appearing, was <i>hid</i> with God, ready to be drawn forth at the moment God saw fit [HENGSTENBERG]; also always <i>protected</i> by God, as the arrow by the quiver (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,16);">Isa 51:16</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_3"><b>3. Israel</b>—applied to Messiah, according to the true import of the name, <i>the Prince</i> who had power with <i>God</i> in wrestling in behalf of man, and who prevails (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',32,28);">Gen 32:28</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',12,3,4);">Hsa 12:3-4</a>). He is also the ideal Israel, the representative man of the nation (compare <a onclick="return mV('Mat',2,15);">Mat 2:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>in whom...glorified</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jhn',14,13);">Jhn 14:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',17,'1-5');">17:1-5</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_4"><b>4. I</b>—Messiah.
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<br><br><b>in vain</b>—comparatively in the case of <i>the greater number</i> of His own countrymen. "He came unto His own, and His own received Him not" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',53,'1-3');">Isa 53:1-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Luk',19,14);">Luk 19:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',1,11);">Jhn 1:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',7,5);">7:5</a>). Only a hundred twenty disciples met after His personal ministry was ended (<a onclick="return mV('Act',1,15);">Act 1:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>yet...my judgment...with the Lord</b>—Ultimately, God will do justice to My cause, and <i>reward</i> (<i>Margin</i> for "work," compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,10);">Isa 40:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,11);">62:11</a>) My labors and sufferings. He was never "discouraged" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,4);">Isa 42:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',50,7,10);">50:7, 10</a>). He calmly, in spite of seeming ill success for the time, left the result with God, confident of final triumph (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',53,'10-12');">Isa 53:10-12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Pe',2,23);">1Pe 2:23</a>). So the ministers of Christ (<a onclick="return mV('1Cr',4,'1-5');">1Cr 4:1-5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Pe',4,19);">1Pe 4:19</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_5"><b>5.</b> The reason why He was confident that His work would be accepted and rewarded, namely, because He is "glorious in the eyes of Jehovah," etc.
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<br><br><b>to bring Jacob again to him</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',15,24);">Mat 15:24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Act',3,26);">Act 3:26</a>).
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<br><br><b>Though Israel be not gathered</b>—metaphor from a scattered flock which the shepherd gathers together again; or a hen and her chickens (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',23,37);">Mat 23:37</a>). Instead of the text "not," the <i>Keri</i> has the similar <i>Hebrew</i> word, "to Him," which the parallelism favors: "And that Israel may be gathered <i>to Him.</i>"
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<br><br><b>yet</b>—rather, parenthetically. "<i>For</i> I am glorious, etc., and My God is My strength." Then (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,6);">Isa 49:6</a>) resuming the words from the beginning of <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,5);">Isa 49:5</a>, "He saith" (I repeat), etc. HORSLEY explains, "Notwithstanding the incredulity of the Jews, Messiah shall be glorified in the conversion of the Gentiles," reading as <i>English Version:</i> but if the <i>Keri</i> be read, "Israel shall at one time or other be gathered, notwithstanding their incredulity during Messiah's sojourn on earth."
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<p id="Isa49_6"><b>6. It is a light thing</b>—"It is too little that Thou shouldest," [HENGSTENBERG], that is, It is not enough honor to Thee to raise up <i>Jacob</i> and <i>Israel,</i> but I design for Thee more, namely, that Thou shouldest be the means of enlightening the <i>Gentiles</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,6,7);">Isa 42:6-7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,3);">60:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>the preserved</b>—namely, those remaining after the judgments of God on the nation—the elect remnant of Israel reserved for mercy. LOWTH, with a slight but needless change of the <i>Hebrew,</i> translates for "tribes" and "preserved," the "scions"—the "branches."
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<p id="Isa49_7"><b>7. whom man despiseth</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "the despised of soul," that is, by every soul, by all men (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',52,14,15);">Isa 52:14-15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',53,3);">53:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',50,'6-9');">50:6-9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',22,6);">Psa 22:6</a>). LOWTH translates, "whose <i>person</i> is despised."
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<br><br><b>abhorreth</b>—literally, "who is an abomination to the nation" (<a onclick="return mV('Luk',23,'18-23');">Luk 23:18-23</a>). The Jews contemptuously call Him always <i>Tolvi,</i> "the crucified." I prefer, on account of <i>Goi,</i> the <i>Hebrew</i> term for <i>nation</i> being usually applied to the <i>Gentiles,</i> and that for <i>people</i> to the Jews (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',1,9);">Hsa 1:9</a>; so the <i>Greek</i> terms respectively also <i>Laos</i> and <i>Ethne,</i> <a onclick="return mV('Rom',9,25);">Rom 9:25</a>), to take "nation" here collectively for the <i>Gentile</i> world, which also spurned Him (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',2,'1-3');">Psa 2:1-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Act',4,'25-27');">Act 4:25-27</a>).
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<br><br><b>servant of rulers</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',17,27);">Mat 17:27</a>). He who would not exert His power against the rulers (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',26,52,53);">Mat 26:52-53</a>).
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<br><br><b>shall see</b>—namely the fulfilment of God's promises (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,3,6);">Isa 49:3, 6</a>), "<i>when</i> He (shall be) <i>a light to the Gentiles.</i>"
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<br><br><b>arise</b>—to reverence Thee (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',72,10,11);">Psa 72:10-11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Phl',2,10);">Phl 2:10</a>).
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<br><br><b>princes also</b>—rather, for the parallelism, supply the ellipsis, thus, "Princes <i>shall see</i> and shall worship."
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<br><br><b>faithful</b>—namely, to His promises.
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<br><br><b>choose thee</b>—as God's <i>elect</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,1);">Isa 42:1</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_8"><b>8.</b> Messiah is represented as having asked for the grace of God in behalf of sinners; this verse contains God the Father's favorable answer.
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<br><br><b>an acceptable time</b>—"In a time of grace" [HENGSTENBERG]. A limited time (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',61,2);">Isa 61:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Cr',6,2);">2Cr 6:2</a>). The time judged by God to be the best fitted for effecting the purposes of His grace by Messiah.
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<br><br><b>heard thee</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',2,8);">Psa 2:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',5,7);">Hbr 5:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>day of salvation</b>—when "the fulness of time" (<a onclick="return mV('Gal',4,4);">Gal 4:4</a>) shall have come. The day of salvation is "to-day" (<a onclick="return mV('Hbr',4,7);">Hbr 4:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>helped</b>—given Thee the help needed to enable Thee, as man, to accomplish man's salvation.
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<br><br><b>preserve</b>—from the assaults and efforts of Satan, to divert Thee from Thy voluntary death to save man.
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<br><br><b>covenant of the people</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa042.html#Isa42_6">Isa 42:6</a>). "The people," <i>in the singular,</i> is always applied exclusively to Israel.
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<br><br><b>establish the earth</b>—rather, "to restore the land," namely, Canaan to Israel. Spiritually, the restoration of <i>the Church</i> (the spiritual Israel) to the heavenly land forfeited by man's sin is also included.
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<br><br><b>cause to inherit...desolate heritages</b>—image from the desolate state of Judea during the Babylonish captivity. Spiritually, the Gentile world, a moral waste, shall become a garden of the Lord. Literally, Judea lying desolate for ages shall be possessed again by Israel (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',61,7);">Isa 61:7</a>, "in their land"). <i>Jesus,</i> the antitype of, and bearing the same name as <i>Joshua</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Hbr',4,8);">Hbr 4:8</a>), shall, like him, divide the land among its true heirs (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,3);">Isa 54:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',61,4);">61:4</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_9"><b>9.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,7);">Isa 42:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',9,12);">Zec 9:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>prisoners</b>—the Jews bound in legal bondage.
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<br><br><b>them...in darkness</b>—the Gentiles having no light as to the one true God [VITRINGA].
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<br><br><b>Show yourselves</b>—not only see but be seen (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',5,16);">Mat 5:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mar',5,19);">Mar 5:19</a>). Come forth from the darkness of your prison into the light of the Sun of righteousness.
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<br><br><b>in the ways,</b> etc.—In a desert there are no "ways," nor "high places," with "pastures"; thus the sense is: "They shall have their pastures, not in deserts, but in cultivated and inhabited places." Laying aside the figure, the churches of Christ at the first shall be gathered, not in obscure and unknown regions, but in the most populous parts of the Roman empire, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, etc. [VITRINGA]. Another sense probably is the right one. Israel, on its way back to the Holy Land, shall not have to turn aside to devious paths in search of necessaries, but shall find them in <i>all places</i> wherever their route lies; so ROSENMULLER. God will supply them <i>as if</i> He should make the grass grow in the trodden <i>ways</i> and on the barren <i>high places.</i>
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<p id="Isa49_10"><b>10.</b> Messiah will abundantly satisfy all the wants, both of literal Israel on their way to Palestine, and of the spiritual on their way to heaven, as their Shepherd (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,13);">Isa 65:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mat',5,6);">Mat 5:6</a>), also in heaven (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',7,16,17);">Rev 7:16-17</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_11"><b>11. my</b>—All things are God's.
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<br><br><b>mountains a way</b>—I will remove all obstructions out of the way (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,4);">Isa 40:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>exalted</b>—that is, cast up (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',57,14);">Isa 57:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,10);">62:10</a>); for instance, over valleys. VITRINGA explains "mountains" as <i>great kingdoms,</i> Egypt, Syria, etc., subjected to Rome, to facilitate the spreading of the Gospel; "highways," the <i>Christian doctrine</i> wherein those who join the Church walk, and which, at the time of Constantine, was to be raised into prominence before all, and publicly protected (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',35,8,9);">Isa 35:8-9</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_12"><b>12. Sinim</b>—The Arabians and other Asiatics called China <i>Sin,</i> or <i>Tchin;</i> the Chinese had no special name for themselves, but either adopted that of the reigning dynasty or some high-sounding titles. This view of "Sinim" suits the context which requires a people to be meant "from far," and distinct from those "from the north and from the west" [GESENIUS].
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<p id="Isa49_13"><b>13.</b> So <a onclick="return mV('Rev',12,12);">Rev 12:12</a>. God will have mercy on <i>the</i> afflicted, because of His compassion; on <i>His</i> afflicted, because of His covenant.
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<p id="Isa49_14"><b>14. Zion</b>—the literal Israel's complaint, as if God had forsaken her in the Babylonian captivity; also in their dispersion previous to their future restoration; thereby God's mercy shall be called forth (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,'15-19');">Isa 63:15-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',77,9,10);">Psa 77:9-10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,17);">102:17</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_15"><b>15.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',44,21);">Isa 44:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',103,13);">Psa 103:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mat',7,11);">Mat 7:11</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_16"><b>16.</b> Alluding to the Jews' custom (perhaps drawn from <a onclick="return mV('Exd',13,9);">Exd 13:9</a>) of puncturing on their hands a representation of their city and temple, in token of zeal for them [LOWTH], (<a onclick="return mV('Sgs',8,6);">Sgs 8:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_17"><b>17. Thy children</b>—Israel (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,20,21);">Isa 49:20-21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',43,6);">Isa 43:6</a>). JEROME reads, for "Thy children," "Thy builders"; they that destroyed thee shall hasten to build thee.
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<br><br><b>haste</b>—to rebuild thy desolate capital.
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<br><br><b>shall go forth</b>—Thy destroyers shall leave Judea to Israel in undisturbed possession.
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<p id="Isa49_18"><b>18.</b> As Zion is often compared to a bride (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,5);">Isa 54:5</a>), so the accession of converts is like bridal ornaments ("jewels," <a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,3);">Isa 62:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mal',3,17);">Mal 3:17</a>). Her <i>literal</i> children are, however, more immediately meant, as the context refers to their restoration; and only secondarily to her <i>spiritual</i> children by conversion to Christ. Israel shall be the means of the final complete conversion of the nations (<a onclick="return mV('Mic',5,7);">Mic 5:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',11,12,15);">Rom 11:12, 15</a>).
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<br><br><b>as a bride</b>—namely, binds on her ornaments.
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<p id="Isa49_19"><b>19. land of thy destruction</b>—thy land once the scene of destruction.
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<br><br><b>too narrow</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,1,2);">Isa 54:1-2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',10,10);">Zec 10:10</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_20"><b>20. children...after...other</b>—rather, "the children of thy widowhood," that is, the children of whom thou hast been bereft during their dispersion in other lands (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa047.html#Isa47_8">Isa 47:8</a>) [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>again</b>—rather, "yet."
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<br><br><b>give place</b>—rather, "stand close to me," namely, in order that we may be the more able to <i>dwell</i> in in the <i>narrow</i> place [HORSLEY]. Compare as to Israel's <i>spiritual</i> children, and the extension of the gospel sphere, <a onclick="return mV('Rom',15,19,24);">Rom 15:19, 24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Cr',10,'14-16');">2Cr 10:14-16</a>. But <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,22);">Isa 49:22</a> (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,20);">Isa 66:20</a>) shows that her literal children are primarily meant. GESENIUS translates, "Make room."
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<p id="Isa49_21"><b>21. Who,</b> etc.—Zion's joyful wonder at the unexpected restoration of <i>the ten tribes.</i> Secondarily, the accession of spiritual Israelites to the mother church of Jerusalem from the Gentiles is meant. This created surprise at first (<a onclick="return mV('Act',10,45);">Act 10:45</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Act',14,27);">14:27</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Act',15,3,4);">15:3-4</a>).
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<br><br><b>lost...am desolate, a captive, and removing to and fro</b>—rather, "bereaved of...have been barren, an exile and outcast" [HORSLEY]. She had been "put away" by Jehovah, her husband (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',50,1);">Isa 50:1</a>); hence her wonder at the <i>children begotten to her.</i>
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<p id="Isa49_22"><b>22. lift...hand</b>—that is, beckon to (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa013.html#Isa13_2">Isa 13:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>standard</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,12);">Isa 11:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>bring...sons in...arms</b>—The Gentiles shall aid in restoring Israel to its own land (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,4);">Isa 60:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,20);">66:20</a>). Children able to support themselves are carried on the shoulders in the East; but infants, in the arms, or astride on one haunch (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,12);">Isa 60:12</a>). "Thy sons" must be distinct from "the Gentiles," who <i>carry</i> them; and therefore cannot primarily refer to converts among the Gentiles.
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<p id="Isa49_23"><b>23. lick...dust</b>—that is, kiss thy feet in token of humble submission.
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<br><br><b>for they...not...ashamed...wait for me</b>—The restoration of Israel shall be in answer to their prayerful waiting on the Lord (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,18,19);">Isa 30:18-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,16,17);">Psa 102:16-17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,10);">Zec 12:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,10);">14:3</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_24"><b>24. the prey</b>—Israel, long a prey to mighty Gentile nations, whose oppression of her shall reach its highest point under Antichrist (<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,36,37,41,45);">Dan 11:36-37, 41, 45</a>).
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<br><br><b>lawful captive</b>—the Jews justly consigned for their sins (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',50,1);">Isa 50:1</a>) as captives to the foe. Secondarily, Satan and Death are "the mighty" conquerors of man, upon whom his sin give them their "lawful" claim. Christ answers that claim for the sinners, and so the captive is set free (<a onclick="return mV('Job',19,25);">Job 19:25</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Job',14,14);">14:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mat',12,29);">Mat 12:29</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',6,2);">Hsa 6:2</a>, where <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,4);">Isa 49:4</a> shows the <i>primary</i> reference is to <i>Israel's restoration,</i> to which <i>the resurrection</i> corresponds; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,19);">Isa 26:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eph',4,8);">Eph 4:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',2,14,15);">Hbr 2:14-15</a>). Others not so well translate, "the captives taken from among the <i>just</i> Israelites."
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<p id="Isa49_25"><b>25.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',53,12);">Isa 53:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',68,18);">Psa 68:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Col',2,15);">Col 2:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>contend with him,</b> etc.— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,17);">Isa 54:17</a>).
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<p id="Isa49_26"><b>26. feed...own flesh</b>—a phrase for <i>internal strifes</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,20);">Isa 9:20</a>).
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<br><br><b>own blood</b>—a just retribution for their having shed the blood of God's servants (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',16,6);">Rev 16:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>sweet wine</b>—that is must, or new wine, the pure juice which flows from the heap of grapes before they are pressed; the ancients could preserve it for a long time, so as to retain its flavor. It was so mild that it required a large quantity to intoxicate; thus the idea here is that <i>very much</i> blood would be shed (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',14,10);">Rev 14:10, 20</a>.
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<br><br><b>all flesh shall,</b> etc.—the effect on the world of God's judgments (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,15,16,18,19);">Isa 66:15-16, 18-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',15,3,4);">Rev 15:3-4</a>).
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