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111 lines
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<p id="Chapter66" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 66
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<p id="Isa66_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,'1-24');">Isa 66:1-24</a>. THE HUMBLE COMFORTED, THE UNGODLY
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CONDEMNED, AT THE LORD'S APPEARING: JERUSALEM MADE A JOY ON EARTH.
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<p>This closing chapter is <i>the summary</i> of Isaiah's prophecies as to the last days, hence the similarity of its sentiments with what went before. <p><b>1. heaven...throne...where is ...house...ye build</b>—The same sentiment is expressed, as a precautionary proviso for the majesty of God in deigning to own any earthly temple as His, as if He could be circumscribed by space (<a onclick="return mV('1Ki',8,27);">1Ki 8:27</a>) in inaugurating the temple of stone; next, as to the temple of the Holy Ghost (<a onclick="return mV('Act',7,48,49);">Act 7:48-49</a>); lastly here, as to "the tabernacle of God with men" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,2,3);">Isa 2:2-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',43,4,7);">Eze 43:4, 7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',21,3);">Rev 21:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>where</b>—rather, "what is this house that ye are building, etc.—what place is this for My rest?" [VITRINGA].
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<p id="Isa66_2"><b>2. have been</b>—namely, made by Me. Or, absolutely, <i>were</i> things <i>made;</i> and therefore belong to Me, the Creator [JEROME].
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<br><br><b>look</b>—have regard.
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<br><br><b>poor</b>—humble (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',57,15);">Isa 57:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>trembleth at...word</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',22,11,19);">2Ki 22:11, 19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Ezr',9,4);">Ezr 9:4</a>). The spiritual temple of the heart, though not superseding the outward place of worship, is God's favorite dwelling (<a onclick="return mV('Jhn',14,23);">Jhn 14:23</a>). In the final state in heaven there shall be "no temple," but "the Lord God" Himself (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',21,22);">Rev 21:22</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_3"><b>3.</b> God loathes even the sacrifices of the wicked (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',1,11);">Isa 1:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',15,8);">Pro 15:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',28,9);">28:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>is as if</b>—LOWTH not so well omits these words: "He that killeth an ox (presently after) murders a man" (as in <a onclick="return mV('Eze',23,39);">Eze 23:39</a>). But the omission in the <i>Hebrew</i> of "is as if"—increases the force of the <i>comparison. Human</i> victims were often offered by the heathen.
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<br><br><b>dog's neck</b>—an abomination according to the Jewish law (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',23,18);">Deu 23:18</a>); perhaps made so, because dogs were venerated in Egypt. He does not honor this abomination by using the word "sacrifice," but uses the degrading term, "cut off a dog's neck" (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',13,13);">Exd 13:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Exd',34,20);">34:20</a>). Dogs as unclean are associated with swine (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',7,6);">Mat 7:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Pe',2,22);">2Pe 2:22</a>).
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<br><br><b>oblation</b>—unbloody: in antithesis to "swine's <i>blood</i>" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,4);">Isa 65:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>burneth</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "he who offereth as a memorial oblation" (<a onclick="return mV('Lev',2,2);">Lev 2:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>they have chosen</b>—opposed to the two first clauses of <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,4);">Isa 66:4</a>: "as <i>they</i> have chosen their own ways, etc., so <i>I</i> will choose their delusions.
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<p id="Isa66_4"><b>4. delusions</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('2Th',2,11);">2Th 2:11</a>), answering to "their own ways" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,3);">Isa 66:3</a>; so <a onclick="return mV('Pro',1,31);">Pro 1:31</a>). However, the <i>Hebrew</i> means rather "vexations," "calamities," which also the parallelism to "fears" requires; "choose <i>their</i> calamities" means, "choose the calamities which they thought to escape by their own ways."
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<br><br><b>their fears</b>—the things they feared, to avert which their idolatrous "abominations" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,3);">Isa 66:3</a>) were practised.
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<br><br><b>I called...none...answer</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa065.html#Isa65_12">Isa 65:12</a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa065.html#Isa65_24">Isa 65:24</a>; JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Jer/Jer007.html#Jer7_13">Jer 7:13</a>).
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<br><br><b>did...chose</b>—not only <i>did</i> the evil deed, but did it deliberately as a matter of <i>choice</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',1,32);">Rom 1:32</a>). "<i>They</i> chose that in which <i>I</i> delighted not"; therefore, "<i>I</i> will choose" that in which <i>they</i> delight not, the "calamities" and "fears" which they were most anxious to avert.
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<br><br><b>before mine eyes</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa065.html#Isa65_3">Isa 65:3</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_5"><b>5. tremble at...word</b>—the same persons as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,2);">Isa 66:2</a>, the believing few among the Jews.
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<br><br><b>cast you out for my name's sake</b>—excommunicate, as if too polluted to worship with them (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,5);">Isa 65:5</a>). So in Christ's first sojourn on earth (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',10,22);">Mat 10:22</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',9,22,34);">Jhn 9:22, 34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',16,2);">16:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',16,2);">15:21</a>). So it shall be again in the last times, when the believing shall be few (<a onclick="return mV('Luk',18,8);">Luk 18:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>Let the Lord be glorified</b>—the mocking challenge of the persecutors, as if their violence towards you was from zeal for God. "Let the Lord show Himself glorious," namely, <i>by manifesting Himself in your behalf;</i> as the parallelism to, "He shall <i>appear to your joy,</i>" requires (as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,19);">Isa 5:19</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',28,15);">Isa 28:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',57,4);">57:4</a>). So again Christ on the cross (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',27,42,43);">Mat 27:42-43</a>).
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<br><br><b>appear to your joy</b>—giving you "joy" instead of your "rebuke" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',25,8,9);">Isa 25:8-9</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_6"><b>6.</b> God, from Jerusalem and His "temple," shall take vengeance on the enemy (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',43,'1-8');">Eze 43:1-8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,2,3);">Zec 12:2-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,3,'19-21');">14:3, 19-21</a>). The abrupt language of this verse marks the suddenness with which God destroys the hostile <i>Gentile</i> host outside: as <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,5);">Isa 66:5</a> refers to the confounding of the unbelieving <i>Jews.</i>
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<br><br><b>voice of noise</b>—that is, the <i>Lord's</i> loud-sounding voice (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',68,33);">Psa 68:33</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',29,'3-9');">29:3-9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Th',4,16);">1Th 4:16</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_7"><b>7. she</b>—Zion.
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<br><br><b>Before...travailed...brought forth</b>—The accession of numbers, and of prosperity to her, shall be <i>sudden beyond all expectation</i> and <i>unattended with painful effort</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,1,4,5);">Isa 54:1, 4-5,</a>). Contrast with this case of the future Jewish Church the <i>travail-pains</i> of the <i>Christian</i> Church in bringing forth "a man child" (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',12,2,5);">Rev 12:2, 5</a>). A man child's birth is in the East a matter of special joy, while that of a female is not so; therefore, it here means the <i>manly sons</i> of the restored Jewish Church, the singular being used collectively for the <i>plural:</i> or the many sons being regarded as <i>one</i> under Messiah, who shall then be manifested as their <i>one representative Head.</i>
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<p id="Isa66_8"><b>8. earth</b>—rather, to suit the parallelism, "is a <i>country</i> (put for the <i>people</i> in it) <i>brought forth</i> in one day?" [LOWTH]. In <i>English Version</i> it means, The earth brings forth its productions gradually, not in one day (<a onclick="return mV('Mar',4,28);">Mar 4:28</a>).
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<br><br><b>at once</b>—In this case, contrary to the usual growth of the nations by degrees, Israel starts into maturity at once.
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<br><br><b>for</b>—rather, "is a nation born at once, <i>that</i> Zion has, so soon as she travailed, brought forth?" [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa66_9"><b>9. cause to bring forth, and shut</b>—rather, "Shall I who <i>beget,</i> restrain the birth?" [LOWTH], (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',37,3);">Isa 37:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',13,13);">Hsa 13:13</a>); that is, Shall I who have begun, not finish My work of restoring Israel? (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',3,12);">1Sa 3:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',11,1);">Rom 11:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Phl',1,6);">Phl 1:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>shut</b>—(compare <a onclick="return mV('Rev',3,7,8);">Rev 3:7-8</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_10"><b>10. love...mourn for her</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,14,17,20);">Psa 102:14, 17, 20</a><a onclick="return mV('Psa',122,6);">122:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_11"><b>11. suck</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,5, 16);">Isa 60:5, 16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',61,6);">61:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,23);">49:23</a>).
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<br><br><b>abundance</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "the <i>ray-like flow</i> of her opulence," that is, with the milk spouting out from her full breasts (answering to the parallel, "breast of her consolations") in ray-like streams [GESENIUS].
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<p id="Isa66_12"><b>12. extend</b>—I will <i>turn</i> peace (prosperity) upon her, like a river turned in its course [GESENIUS]. Or, "I will <i>spread</i> peace <i>over</i> her as an <i>overflowing</i> river" [BARNES], (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',48,18);">Isa 48:18</a>).
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<br><br><b>flowing stream</b>—as the Nile by its overflow fertilizes the whole of Egypt.
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<br><br><b>borne upon...sides</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa060.html#Isa60_4">Isa 60:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>her...her</b>—If "ye" refers to the Jews, translate, "ye shall be borne upon <i>their sides...their knees,</i>" namely, those of the <i>Gentiles,</i> as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,22);">Isa 49:22</a>; and as "suck" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,16);">Isa 60:16</a>) refers to the <i>Jews</i> sucking the <i>Gentile</i> wealth. However, <i>English Version</i> gives a good sense: The Jews, and all who love Jehovah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,10);">Isa 66:10</a>), "shall suck, and be borne" by <i>her</i> as a mother.
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<p id="Isa66_13"><b>13. mother</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,15);">Isa 49:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>comforteth</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,1,2);">Isa 40:1-2</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_14"><b>14. bones</b>—which once were "dried up" by the "fire" of God's wrath (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',1,13);">Lam 1:13</a>), shall live again (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',3,8);">Pro 3:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',15,30);">15:30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',37,1);">Eze 37:1</a>, etc.).
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<br><br><b>flourish...herb</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',11,'15-24');">Rom 11:15-24</a>).
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<br><br><b>known toward</b>—manifested in behalf of.
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<p id="Isa66_15"><b>15.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,5);">Isa 9:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',50,3);">Psa 50:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hab',3,5);">Hab 3:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Th',1,8);">2Th 1:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Pe',3,7);">2Pe 3:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>chariots...whirlwind</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',4,13);">Jer 4:13</a>).
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<br><br><b>render</b>—as the <i>Hebrew</i> elsewhere (<a onclick="return mV('Job',9,13);">Job 9:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',78,38);">Psa 78:38</a>) means to "allay" or "stay wrath." MAURER translates it so here: <i>He stays His anger with</i> nothing but <i>fury,</i>" etc.; nothing short of pouring out all His fiery fury will satisfy His wrath.
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<br><br><b>fury</b>—"burning heat" [LOWTH], to which the parallel, "flames of fire," answers.
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<p id="Isa66_16"><b>16.</b> Rather, "With fire will Jehovah judge, and with His sword (He will judge) all flesh." The parallelism and collocation of the <i>Hebrew</i> words favor this (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,12);">Isa 65:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>all flesh</b>—that is, <i>all</i> who are the objects of His wrath. The <i>godly</i> shall be hidden by the Lord in a place of safety away from the scene of judgment (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,20,21);">Isa 26:20-21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',31,20);">Psa 31:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Th',4,16,17);">1Th 4:16-17</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_17"><b>17. in...gardens</b>—<i>Hebrew</i> and the <i>Septuagint</i> rather require, "for (entering into) gardens," namely, to sacrifice there [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>behind one tree</b>—rather, "following one," that is, some idol or other, which, from contempt, he does not name [MAURER]. VITRINGA, etc., think the <i>Hebrew</i> for "one," <i>Ahhadh,</i> to be the name of the god; called <i>Adad</i> (meaning <i>One</i>) in Syria (compare <a onclick="return mV('Act',17,23);">Act 17:23</a>). The idol's power was represented by inclined rays, as of the sun shining on the earth. GESENIUS translates, "following one," namely, <i>Hierophant</i> ("priest"), who led the rest in performing the sacred rites.
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<br><br><b>in...midst</b>—namely, of the garden (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa065.html#Isa65_3">Isa 65:3</a>, <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa065.html#Isa65_4">Isa 65:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>mouse</b>—legally unclean (<a onclick="return mV('Lev',11,29);">Lev 11:29</a>) because it was an idol to the heathen (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa037.html#Isa37_36">Isa 37:36</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Sa',6,4);">1Sa 6:4</a>). Translate, "the field mouse," or "dormouse" [BOCHART]. The Pharisees with their self-righteous purifications, and all mere formalists, are included in the same condemnation, described in language taken from the idolatries prevalent in Isaiah's times.
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<p id="Isa66_18"><b>18. know</b>—not in the <i>Hebrew.</i> Rather, understand the words by aposiopesis; it is usual in threats to leave the persons threatened to supply the hiatus from their own fears, owing to conscious guilt: "For I...their works and thoughts," etc.; namely, will punish [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>it shall come</b>—the time <i>is come</i> that I will, etc. [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>gather...nations</b>—against Jerusalem, where the <i>ungodly</i> Jews shall perish; and then the Lord at last shall fight for Jerusalem against those nations: and the survivors (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,19);">Isa 66:19</a>) shall "see God's glory" (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,8,9);">Zec 12:8-9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,9);">14:1-3, 9</a>).
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<br><br><b>tongues</b>—which have been <i>many</i> owing to sin, being confounded at Babel, but which shall again be <i>one</i> in Christ (<a onclick="return mV('Dan',7,14);">Dan 7:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zep',3,9);">Zep 3:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',7,9,10);">Rev 7:9-10</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_19"><b>19. sign</b>—a <i>banner</i> on a high place, to indicate the place of meeting for the dispersed Jewish exiles, preparatory to their return to their land (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,26);">Isa 5:26</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,12);">11:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,10);">62:10</a>).
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<br><br><b>those that escape of them</b>—the Gentile survivors spared by God (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa066.html#Isa66_18">Isa 66:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,16);">Zec 14:16</a>). <a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,2,3);">Isa 2:2-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',5,7);">Mic 5:7</a> and <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,'16-19');">Zec 14:16-19</a> represent it, not that the Jews go as missionaries to the Gentiles, but that the Gentiles come up to Jerusalem to learn the Lord's ways there.
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<br><br><b>Tarshish</b>—Tartessus in Spain, in the west.
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<br><br><b>Pul</b>—east and north of Africa: probably the same as <i>Philoe,</i> an island in the Nile, called by the Egyptians <i>Pilak,</i> that is, the border country, being between Egypt and Ethiopia [BOCHART].
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<br><br><b>Lud</b>—the Libyans of Africa (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',10,13);">Gen 10:13</a>), Ludim being son of Mizraim (Egypt): an Ethiopian people famous as bowmen (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',46,9);">Jer 46:9</a>): employed as mercenaries by Tyre and Egypt (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',27,10);">Eze 27:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',30,5);">30:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>Tubal</b>—Tibarenians, in Asia Minor, south of the Caucasus, between the Black Sea and Araxes. Or, the Iberians [JOSEPHUS]. Italy [JEROME].
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<br><br><b>Javan</b>—the Greeks; called Ionians, including all the descendants of Javan, both in Greece and in Asia Minor (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',10,'2-4');">Gen 10:2-4</a>).
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<br><br><b>my glory...Gentiles</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Mal',1,11);">Mal 1:11</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_20"><b>20. they</b>—the Gentiles (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,19);">Isa 66:19</a>).
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<br><br><b>bring...your brethren</b>—the Jews, back to the Holy Land (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,22);">Isa 49:22</a>). It cannot mean the mere entrance of the Jews into the Christian Church; for such an entrance would be by <i>faith,</i> not upon "horses, litters, and mules" [HOUBIGANT]. "Offering" is metaphorical, as in <a onclick="return mV('Rom',15,16);">Rom 15:16</a>.
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<br><br><b>horses</b>—not much used by the Jews. The Gentiles are here represented as using <i>their</i> modes of conveyance to "bring" the Jews to Jerusalem.
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<br><br><b>chariots</b>—as these are not found in Oriental caravans, translate, "vehicles," namely, borne, not drawn on wheels.
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<br><br><b>litters</b>—covered sedans for the rich.
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<br><br><b>upon swift beasts</b>—dromedaries: from <i>Hebrew</i> root, "to dance," from their bounding motion, often accelerated by music [BOCHART]. Panniers were thrown across the dromedaries' back for poorer women [HORSLEY].
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<p id="Isa66_21"><b>21. of them</b>—the Gentiles.
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<br><br><b>priests...Levites</b>—for spiritual worship: enjoying the direct access to God which was formerly enjoyed by the ministers of the temple alone (<a onclick="return mV('1Pe',2,9);">1Pe 2:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',1,6);">Rev 1:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_22"><b>22.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,17);">Isa 65:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Pe',3,13);">2Pe 3:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',21,1);">Rev 21:1</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_23"><b>23.</b> Literally, "As often as the new moon (shall be) in its own new moon," that is, every month (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,16);">Zec 14:16</a>).
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<br><br><b>sabbath</b>—which is therefore perpetually obligatory on earth.
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<br><br><b>all flesh</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',65,2);">Psa 65:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',72,11);">72:11</a>).
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<br><br><b>before me</b>—at Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,16,17);">Jer 3:16-17</a>).
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<p id="Isa66_24"><b>24. go forth, and look</b>—as the Israelites looked at the carcasses of the Egyptians destroyed at the Red Sea (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',14,30);">Exd 14:30</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',26,'14-19');">Isa 26:14-19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',58,10);">Psa 58:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',49,14);">49:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mal',4,'1-3');">Mal 4:1-3</a>).
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<br><br><b>carcasses,</b> etc.— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,16);">Isa 66:16</a>), those slain by the Lord in the last great battle near Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,'2-9');">Zec 12:2-9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,'2-4');">14:2-4</a>); type of the final destruction of <i>all</i> sinners.
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<br><br><b>worm...not die</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Mar',9,44, 46, 48);">Mar 9:44, 46, 48</a>). Image of hell, from bodies left unburied in the valley of Hinnom (whence comes <i>Gehenna,</i> or "hell"), south of Jerusalem, where a <i>perpetual fire</i> was kept to consume the refuse thrown there (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',30,33);">Isa 30:33</a>). It shall not be inconsistent with true love for the godly to look with satisfaction on God's vengeance on the wicked (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',14,10);">Rev 14:10</a>). May God bless this Commentary, and especially its solemn close, to His glory, and to the edification of the writer and the readers of it, for Jesus' sake!
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