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84 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Song of Songs';
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 63';
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<p id="Chapter63" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 63
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<p id="Isa63_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,'1-19');">Isa 63:1-19</a>. MESSIAH COMING AS THE AVENGER, IN ANSWER TO HIS PEOPLE'S PRAYERS.
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<p>Messiah, approaching Jerusalem after having avenged His people on His and their enemies, is represented under imagery taken from the destruction of "Edom," the type of the last and most bitter foes of God and His people (see <a onclick="return mV('Isa',34,5);">Isa 34:5</a>, etc.).
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<p><b>1. Who</b>—the question of the prophet in prophetic vision.
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<br><br><b>dyed</b>—scarlet with blood (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,2,3);">Isa 63:2-3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,13);">Rev 19:13</a>).
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<br><br><b>Bozrah</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa034.html#Isa34_6">Isa 34:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>travelling</b>—rather, stately; literally, "throwing back the head" [GESENIUS].
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<br><br><b>speak in righteousness</b>—answer of Messiah. I, who have in faithfulness given a promise of deliverance, am now about to fulfil it. Rather, speak <i>of</i> righteousness (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',45,19);">Isa 45:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',46,13);">46:13</a>); <i>salvation</i> being meant as the result of His "righteousness" [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>save</b>—The same Messiah that destroys the unbeliever <i>saves</i> the believer.
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<p id="Isa63_2"><b>2.</b> The prophet asks why His garments are "dyed" and "red."
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<br><br><b>winefat</b>—rather, the "wine-press," wherein the grapes were trodden with the feet; the juice would stain the garment of him who trod them (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',14,19,20);">Rev 14:19-20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,15);">19:15</a>). The image was appropriate, as the country round Bozrah abounded in grapes. This final blow inflicted by Messiah and His armies (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',19,'13-15');">Rev 19:13-15</a>) shall decide His claim to the kingdoms u surped by Satan, and by the "beast," to whom Satan delegates his power. It will be a day of judgment to the hostile Gentiles, as His first coming was a day of judgment to the unbelieving Jews.
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<p id="Isa63_3"><b>3.</b> Reply of Messiah. For the image, see <a onclick="return mV('Lam',1,15);">Lam 1:15</a>. He "treads the wine-press" here not as a <i>sufferer,</i> but as an <i>inflicter</i> of vengeance.
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<br><br><b>will tread...shall be...will stain</b>—rather preterites, "I trod...trampled...was sprinkled ...I stained."
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<br><br><b>blood</b>—literally, "spirited juice" of the grape, pressed out by treading [GESENIUS].
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<p id="Isa63_4"><b>4. is</b>—rather, "was." This assigns the reason why He has thus destroyed the foe (<a onclick="return mV('Zep',3,8);">Zep 3:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>my redeemed</b>—My people <i>to be redeemed.</i>
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<br><br><b>day...year</b>—here, as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',34,8);">Isa 34:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',61,2);">61:2</a>, the time of "vengeance" is described as a "day"; that of grace and of "recompense" to the "redeemed," as a "year."
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<p id="Isa63_5"><b>5.</b> The same words as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',59,16);">Isa 59:16</a>, except that <i>there</i> it is His "righteousness," <i>here</i> it is His "fury," which is said to have upheld Him.
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<p id="Isa63_6"><b>6.</b> Rather, preterites, "I <i>trod</i> down...made them drunk." The same image occurs <a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,17, '21-23');">Isa 51:17, 21-23</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',75,8);">Psa 75:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',25,26,27);">Jer 25:26-27</a>.
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<br><br><b>will bring down...strength to...earth</b>—rather, "I <i>spilled</i> their life-<i>blood</i> (the same <i>Hebrew</i> words as in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,3);">Isa 63:3</a>) on the earth" [LOWTH and <i>Septuagint</i>].
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<p id="Isa63_7"><b>7.</b> Israel's penitential confession and prayer for restoration (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,17,20);">Psa 102:17, 20</a>), extending from <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,'7-');">Isa 63:7-64:12</a> .
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<br><br><b>loving-kindnesses...praises...mercies ...loving-kindnesses</b>—The <i>plurals</i> and the repetitions imply that language is inadequate to express the full extent of God's goodness.
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<br><br><b>us</b>—the dispersed Jews at the time just preceding their final restoration.
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<br><br><b>house of Israel</b>—of all ages; God was good not merely to the Jews now dispersed, but to Israel in every age of its history.
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<p id="Isa63_8"><b>8. he</b>—Jehovah "said," that is, thought, in choosing them as His covenant-people; so "said" (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',95,10);">Psa 95:10</a>). Not that God was ignorant that the Jews would not keep faith with Him; but God is here said, according to <i>human</i> modes of thought to <i>say within Himself</i> what He might <i>naturally</i> have expected, as the result of His goodness to the Jews; thus the enormity of their <i>unnatural</i> perversity is the more vividly set forth.
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<br><br><b>lie</b>—prove false to Me (compare <a onclick="return mV('Psa',44,17);">Psa 44:17</a>).
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<br><br><b>so</b>—in virtue of His having <i>chosen</i> them, He became their <i>Saviour.</i> So the "therefore" (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',31,33);">Jer 31:33</a>). His eternal <i>choice</i> is the ground of His actually saving men (<a onclick="return mV('Eph',1,3,4);">Eph 1:3-4</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_9"><b>9. he was afflicted</b>—<i>English Version</i> reads the <i>Hebrew</i> as the <i>Keri</i> (<i>Margin</i>), does, "There was affliction <i>to Him.</i>" But the <i>Chetib</i> (text) reads, "There was no affliction" (the change in <i>Hebrew</i> being only of one letter); that is, "In all their affliction there was no (utterly overwhelming) affliction" [GESENIUS]; or, for "<i>Hardly</i> had an affliction befallen them, <i>when</i> the angel of His presence saved them" [MAURER]; or, as best suits the parallelism, "In all their straits there was no straitness in His goodness to them" [HOUBIGANT], (<a onclick="return mV('Jdg',10,16);">Jdg 10:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',2,7);">Mic 2:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Cr',6,12);">2Cr 6:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>angel of his presence</b>—literally, "of His face," that is, who stands before Him continually; Messiah (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',14,19);">Exd 14:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Exd',23,20,21);">23:20-21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Pro',8,30);">Pro 8:30</a>), language applicable to no <i>creature</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',32,34);">Exd 32:34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Exd',33,2,14);">33:2, 14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Num',20,16);">Num 20:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mal',3,1);">Mal 3:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>bare them</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',46,3,4);">Isa 46:3-4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,11);">40:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Exd',19,4);">Exd 19:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,11,12);">Deu 32:11-12</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_10"><b>10. vexed</b>—grieved (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',78,40);">Psa 78:40</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',95,10);">95:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Act',7,51);">Act 7:51</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eph',4,30);">Eph 4:30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',3,10,17);">Hbr 3:10, 17</a>).
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<br><br><b>he fought</b>—rather, "He it was that fought," namely, the angel of His presence [HORSLEY], (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,5);">Lam 2:5</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_11"><b>11. remembered</b>—Notwithstanding <i>their</i> perversity, He forgot not <i>His</i> covenant of old; therefore He did not wholly forsake them (<a onclick="return mV('Lev',26,'40-42',44,45);">Lev 26:40-42, 44-45</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',106,45,46);">Psa 106:45-46</a>); the Jews make this their plea with God, that He should not now forsake them.
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<br><br><b>saying</b>—God is represented, in human language, mentally speaking of Himself and His former acts of love to Israel, as His ground for pitying them notwithstanding their rebellion.
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<br><br><b>sea</b>—Red Sea.
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<br><br><b>shepherd</b>—Moses; or if the <i>Hebrew</i> be read <i>plural,</i> "shepherds," Moses, Aaron, and the other leaders (so <a onclick="return mV('Psa',77,20);">Psa 77:20</a>).
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<br><br><b>put...Spirit...within him</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "in the inward parts of him," that is, Moses; or it refers to the flock, "in the midst of his people" (<a onclick="return mV('Num',11,17,25);">Num 11:17,25</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Neh',9,20);">Neh 9:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hag',2,5);">Hag 2:5</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_12"><b>12.</b> The <i>right hand</i> of Moses was but the instrument; the <i>arm</i> of God was the real mover (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',15,6);">Exd 15:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Exd',14,21);">14:21</a>).
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<br><br><b>dividing the water</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Neh',9,11);">Neh 9:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',78,13);">Psa 78:13</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_13"><b>13. deep</b>—literally, "the tossing and roaring sea."
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<br><br><b>wilderness</b>—rather, the "open plain" [HORSLEY], wherein there is no obstacle to cause a horse in its course the danger of stumbling.
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<p id="Isa63_14"><b>14. As a beast...rest</b>—image from a herd led "down" from the hills to a fertile and well-watered "valley" (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',23,2);">Psa 23:2</a>); so God's Spirit "caused Israel to rest" in the promised land after their weary wanderings.
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<br><br><b>to make...name</b>—(So <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,12);">Isa 63:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',7,23);">2Sa 7:23</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_15"><b>15.</b> Here begins a fervent appeal to God to pity Israel now on the ground of His former benefits.
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<br><br><b>habitation of...holiness</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',57,15);">Isa 57:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',26,15);">Deu 26:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Ch',30,27);">2Ch 30:27</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',33,14);">Psa 33:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',80,14);">80:14</a>).
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<br><br><b>zeal...strength</b>—evinced formerly for Thy people.
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<br><br><b>sounding of...bowels</b>—<i>Thine emotions of compassion</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,11);">Isa 16:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',31,20);">Jer 31:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,36);">48:36</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,8);">Hsa 11:8</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_16"><b>16. thou...father</b>—of Israel, by right not merely of creation, but also of electing adoption (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',64,8);">Isa 64:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,6);">Deu 32:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ch',29,10);">1Ch 29:10</a>).
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<br><br><b>though Abraham...Israel</b>—It had been the besetting temptation of the Jews to rest on the mere privilege of their descent from faithful Abraham and Jacob (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',3,9);">Mat 3:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',8,39);">Jhn 8:39</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',4,12);">4:12</a>); now at last they renounce this, to trust in God alone as their Father, notwithstanding all appearances to the contrary. Even though Abraham, our earthly father, on whom we have prided ourselves, disown us, <i>Thou</i> wilt not (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,15);">Isa 49:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',27,10);">Psa 27:10</a>). Isaac is not mentioned, because not <i>all</i> his posterity was admitted to the covenant, whereas all Jacob's was; Abraham is specified because he was the first father of the Jewish race.
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<br><br><b>everlasting</b>—an argument why He should help them, namely, because of His <i>everlasting immutability.</i>
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<p id="Isa63_17"><b>17. made us to err</b>—that is, "suffer" us to err and to be hardened in our heart. They do not mean to deny their own blameworthiness, but confess that through their own fault God gave them over to a reprobate mind (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',6,9,10);">Isa 6:9-10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',119,10);">Psa 119:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',1,28);">Rom 1:28</a>).
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<br><br><b>Return</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Num',10,36);">Num 10:36</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',90,13);">Psa 90:13</a>).
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<p id="Isa63_18"><b>18. people of...holiness</b>—Israel dedicated as holy unto God (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,12);">Isa 62:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',7,6);">Deu 7:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>possessed</b>—namely, the Holy Land, or Thy "sanctuary," taken from the following clause, which is parallel to this (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',64,10,11);">Isa 64:10-11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',74,'6-8');">Psa 74:6-8</a>).
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<br><br><b>thy</b>—an argument why God should help them; their cause is <i>His</i> cause.
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<p id="Isa63_19"><b>19. thine...never</b>—rather, "We are Thine <i>from of old;</i> Thou barest not rule over them" [BARNES]. LOWTH translates, "We for long have been as those over whom Thou hast not ruled, who are not called by Thy name"; "for long" thus stands in contrast to "but a little while" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,18);">Isa 63:18</a>). But the analogy of <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,18);">Isa 63:18</a> makes it likely that the first clause in this verse refers to the Jews, and the second to their foes, as <i>English Version</i> and BARNES translate it. The Jews' foes are aliens who have unjustly intruded into the Lord's heritage.
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