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113 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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<p id="Chapter3" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 3
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<p id="Isa3_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,'1-26');">Isa 3:1-26</a>.
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<p><b>1. For</b>—continuation of <a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,22);">Isa 2:22</a>.
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<br><br><b>Lord of hosts</b>—therefore able to do as He says.
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<br><br><b>doth</b>—present for future, so certain is the accomplishment.
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<br><br><b>stay...staff</b>—the same <i>Hebrew</i> word, the one masculine, the other feminine, an <i>Arabic</i> idiom for <i>all kinds of support.</i> What a change from the previous luxuries (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,7);">Isa 2:7</a>)! Fulfilled in the siege by Nebuchadnezzar and afterwards by Titus (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',37,21);">Jer 37:21</a> 38:9).
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<p id="Isa3_2"><b>2.</b> Fulfilled (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',24,14);">2Ki 24:14</a>).
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<br><br><b>prudent</b>—the <i>Hebrew</i> often means a "soothsayer" (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',18,'10-14');">Deu 18:10-14</a>); thus it will mean, the diviners, on whom they rely, shall in that day fail. It is found in a good sense (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',16,10);">Pro 16:10</a>), from which passage the Jews interpret it <i>a king;</i> "without" whom Israel long has been (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',3,4);">Hsa 3:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>ancient</b>—old and experienced (<a onclick="return mV('1Ki',12,'6-8');">1Ki 12:6-8</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_3"><b>3. captain of fifty</b>—not only captains of thousands, and centurions of a hundred, but even semi-centurions of fifty, shall fail.
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<br><br><b>honourable</b>—literally, "of dignified aspect."
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<br><br><b>cunning</b>—skilful. The mechanic's business will come to a standstill in the siege and subsequent desolation of the state; artisans are no mean "stay" among a nation's safeguards.
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<br><br><b>eloquent orator</b>—rather, as <i>Vulgate,</i> "skilled in whispering," that is, incantation (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',58,5);">Psa 58:5</a>). See <a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,19);">Isa 8:19</a>, below; and on "prudent," see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa003.html#Isa3_2">Isa 3:2</a>.
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<p id="Isa3_4"><b>4. children</b>—in ability for governing; antithesis to the "ancient" (see <a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,12);">Isa 3:12</a> <a onclick="return mV('Ecc',10,16);">Ecc 10:16</a>).
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<br><br><b>babes</b>—in warlike might; antithesis to "the mighty" and "man of war."
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<p id="Isa3_5"><b>5.</b> The anarchy resulting under such imbecile rulers (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,4);">Isa 3:4</a>); unjust exactions mutually; the forms of respect violated (<a onclick="return mV('Lev',19,32);">Lev 19:32</a>).
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<br><br><b>base</b>—low-born. Compare the marks of "the last days" (<a onclick="return mV('2Ti',3,2);">2Ti 3:2</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_6"><b>6.</b> Such will be the want of men of wealth and ability, that they will "take hold of" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',4,1);">Isa 4:1</a>) the first man whom they meet, having any property, to make him "ruler."
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<br><br><b>brother</b>—one having no better hereditary claim to be ruler than the "man" supplicating him.
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<br><br><b>Thou hast clothing</b>—which none of us has. Changes of raiment are wealth in the East (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',5,5);">2Ki 5:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>ruin</b>—Let our ruined affairs be committed to thee to retrieve.
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<p id="Isa3_7"><b>7. swear</b>—literally, "lift up," namely, his hand; the gesture used in solemn attestation. Or, his voice, that is, answer; so <i>Vulgate.</i>
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<br><br><b>healer</b>—of the body politic, incurably diseased (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',1,6);">Isa 1:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>neither...clothing</b>—so as to relieve the people and maintain a ruler's dignity. A nation's state must be bad indeed, when none among men, naturally ambitious, is willing to accept office.
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<p id="Isa3_8"><b>8.</b> Reason given by the prophet, why all shrink from the government.
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<br><br><b>eyes of his glory</b>—to provoke His "glorious" Majesty before His "eyes" (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,5);">Isa 49:5</a> <a onclick="return mV('Hab',1,13);">Hab 1:13</a>). The <i>Syriac</i> and LOWTH, by a slight change of the <i>Hebrew,</i> translate, "the <i>cloud</i> of His glory," the Shekinah.
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<p id="Isa3_9"><b>9. show</b>—The <i>Hebrew</i> means, "that which may be <i>known</i> by their countenances" [GESENIUS and WEISS]. But MAURER translates, "Their respect for person"; so <i>Syriac</i> and <i>Chaldee.</i> But the parallel word "declare" favors the other view. KIMCHI, from the <i>Arabic,</i> translates "their hardness" (<a onclick="return mV('Job',19,3);">Job 19:3</a>, <i>Margin</i>), or impudence of countenance (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,3);">Jer 3:3</a>). They have lost not only the substance of virtue, but its color.
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<br><br><b>witness</b>—literally, "corresponds" to them; their look answers to their inner character (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',5,5);">Hsa 5:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>declare</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jud',1,13);">Jud 1:13</a>). "Foaming <i>out</i> their own shame"; so far from making it a secret, "glorying" in it (<a onclick="return mV('Phl',3,19);">Phl 3:19</a>).
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<br><br><b>unto themselves</b>—Compare "in themselves" (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',1,31);">Pro 1:31</a> 8:36 <a onclick="return mV('Jer',2,19);">Jer 2:19</a> <a onclick="return mV('Rom',1,27);">Rom 1:27</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_10"><b>10.</b> The faithlessness of many is no proof that <i>all</i> are faithless. Though nothing but croaking of frogs is heard on the surface of the pool, we are not to infer there are no fish beneath [BENGEL]. (See <a onclick="return mV('Isa',1,19);">Isa 1:19</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',1,20);">20</a>).
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<br><br><b>fruit of doings</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',1,31);">Pro 1:31</a>) in a good sense (<a onclick="return mV('Gal',6,8);">Gal 6:8</a> <a onclick="return mV('Rev',22,14);">Rev 22:14</a>). Not salvation by works, but by fruit-bearing faith (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',45,24);">Isa 45:24</a> <a onclick="return mV('Jer',23,6);">Jer 23:6</a>). GESENIUS and WEISS translate, <i>Declare as to</i> the righteous that, etc. MAURER, "Say that <i>the righteous is blessed.</i>"
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<p id="Isa3_11"><b>11. ill</b>—antithesis to "well" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,10);">Isa 3:10</a>); emphatic ellipsis of the words italicized. "Ill!"
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<br><br><b>hands</b>—his conduct; "hands" being the instrument of acts (<a onclick="return mV('Ecc',8,12);">Ecc 8:12</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Ecc',8,13);">13</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_12"><b>12.</b> (See <a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,4);">Isa 3:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>oppressors</b>—literally "exactors," that is, exacting princes (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,17);">Isa 60:17</a>). They who <i>ought</i> to be <i>protectors</i> are <i>exactors;</i> as unqualified for rule as "children," as effeminate as "women." Perhaps it is also implied that they were under the influence of their harem, the women of their court.
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<br><br><b>lead</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "call thee blessed"; namely, the false <i>prophets,</i> who flatter the people with promises of safety in sin; as the political "rulers" are meant in the first clause.
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<br><br><b>way of thy paths</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',6,16);">Jer 6:16</a>). The right way set forth in the law. "Destroy"—<i>Hebrew,</i> "Swallow up," that is, cause so utterly to disappear that not a vestige of it is left.
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<p id="Isa3_13"><b>13. standeth up</b>—no longer <i>sitting</i> in silence.
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<br><br><b>plead</b>—indignant against a wicked people (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,16);">Isa 66:16</a> <a onclick="return mV('Eze',20,35);">Eze 20:35</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_14"><b>14. ancients</b>—Hence they are spoken of as "taken away" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,1);">Isa 3:1</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,2);">2</a>).
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<br><br><b>vineyard</b>—the Jewish theocracy (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,'1-7');">Isa 5:1-7</a> <a onclick="return mV('Psa',80,'9-13');">Psa 80:9-13</a>).
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<br><br><b>eaten up</b>—"burnt"; namely, by "oppressive exactions" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,12);">Isa 3:12</a>). Type of the crowning guilt of the husbandmen in the days of Jesus Christ (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',21,'34-41');">Mat 21:34-41</a>).
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<br><br><b>spoil...houses</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',23,14);">Mat 23:14</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_15"><b>15.</b> What right have ye to beat, etc. (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',94,5);">Psa 94:5</a> <a onclick="return mV('Mic',3,2);">Mic 3:2</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Mic',3,3);">3</a>).
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<br><br><b>grind</b>—by exactions, so as to leave them nothing.
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<br><br><b>faces</b>—persons; with the additional idea of it being <i>openly</i> and <i>palpably</i> done. "Presence," equivalent to "face" (<i>Hebrew</i>).
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<p id="Isa3_16"><b>16. Because the daughters of Zion are haughty,</b> etc.—Luxury had become great in Uzziah's prosperous reign (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',26,5);">2Ch 26:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>stretched forth</b>—proudly elevated (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',75,5);">Psa 75:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>wanton</b>—rather, "making the eyes to glance about," namely, wantonly (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',6,13);">Pro 6:13</a>) [MAURER]. But LOWTH, "falsely setting off the eyes with paint." Women's eyelids in the East are often colored with stibium, or powder of lead (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Job/Job042.html#Job42_14">Job 42:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',4,30);">Jer 4:30</a>, <i>Margin</i>).
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<br><br><b>mincing</b>—tripping with short steps.
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<br><br><b>tinkling</b>—with their ankle rings on both feet, joined by small chains, which sound as they walk, and compel them to take short steps; sometimes little bells were attached (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,18);">Isa 3:18</a>, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,20);">20</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_17"><b>17. smite with a scab</b>—literally "make bald," namely, by disease.
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<br><br><b>discover</b>—cause them to suffer the greatest indignity that can befall female captives, namely to be stripped naked, and have their persons exposed (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',47,3);">Isa 47:3</a>; compare with <a onclick="return mV('Isa',20,4);">Isa 20:4</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_18"><b>18. bravery</b>—the finery.
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<br><br><b>tinkling</b>—(See <a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,16);">Isa 3:16</a>).
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<br><br><b>cauls</b>—network for the head. Or else, from an <i>Arabic</i> root, "little suns," answering to the "tires" or neck ornaments, "like the moon" (<a onclick="return mV('Jdg',8,21);">Jdg 8:21</a>). The <i>chumarah</i> or crescent is also worn in front of the headdress in West Asia.
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<p id="Isa3_19"><b>19. chains</b>—rather, pendants, hanging about the neck, and dropping on the breast.
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<br><br><b>mufflers</b>—veils covering the face, with apertures for the eyes, close above and loosely flowing below. The word radically means "tremulous," referring to the changing effect of the spangles on the veil.
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<p id="Isa3_20"><b>20. bonnets</b>—turbans.
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<br><br><b>ornaments of the legs</b>—the short stepping chains from one foot to another, to give a measured gait; attached to the "tinkling ornaments" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,16);">Isa 3:16</a>).
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<br><br><b>headbands</b>—literally, "girdles."
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<br><br><b>tablets</b>—rather, "houses of the breath," that is, smelling boxes [<i>Vulgate</i>].
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<br><br><b>earrings</b>—rather, amulets suspended from the neck or ears, with magic formulae inscribed; the root means to "whisper" or "conjure."
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<p id="Isa3_21"><b>21. nose jewels</b>—The cartilage between the nostrils was bored to receive them; they usually hung from the left nostril.
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<p id="Isa3_22"><b>22.</b> Here begin <i>entire</i> articles of apparel. Those before were single ornaments.
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<br><br><b>changeable</b>—from a root, "to put off"; not worn commonly; put on and off on special occasions. So, dress clothes (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',3,4);">Zec 3:4</a>).
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<br><br><b>mantles</b>—fuller tunics with sleeves, worn over the common one, reaching down to the feet.
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<br><br><b>wimples</b>—that is, mufflers, or hoods. In <a onclick="return mV('Rth',3,15);">Rth 3:15</a>, "veils"; perhaps here, a broad cloak, or shawl, thrown over the head and body.
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<br><br><b>crisping pins</b>—rather, money bags (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',5,23);">2Ki 5:23</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_23"><b>23. glasses</b>—mirrors of polished metal (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',38,8);">Exd 38:8</a>). But the <i>Septuagint,</i> a transparent, gauze-like, garment.
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<br><br><b>hoods</b>—miters, or diadems (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',62,3);">Isa 62:3</a> <a onclick="return mV('Zec',3,5);">Zec 3:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>veils</b>—large enough to cover the head and person. Distinct from the smaller veils ("mufflers") above (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',24,65);">Gen 24:65</a>). Token of woman's subjection (<a onclick="return mV('1Cr',11,10);">1Cr 11:10</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_24"><b>24. stink</b>—arising from ulcers (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,12);">Zec 14:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>girdle</b>—to gird up the loose Eastern garments, when the person walked.
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<br><br><b>rent</b>—the <i>Septuagint,</i> better, a "rope," an emblem of poverty; the poor have nothing else to gird up their clothes with.
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<br><br><b>well-set hair</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('1Pe',3,3);">1Pe 3:3</a>, <a onclick="return mV('1Pe',3,4);">4</a>).
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<br><br><b>baldness</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',3,17);">Isa 3:17</a>).
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<br><br><b>stomacher</b>—a broad plaited girdle.
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<br><br><b>sackcloth</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',3,31);">2Sa 3:31</a>).
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<br><br><b>burning</b>—a sunburnt countenance, owing to their hoods and veils being stripped off, while they had to work as captives under a scorching sun (<a onclick="return mV('Sgs',1,6);">Sgs 1:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa3_25"><b>25. Thy men</b>—of Jerusalem.
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<p id="Isa3_26"><b>26. gates</b>—The place of concourse personified is represented mourning for the loss of those multitudes which once frequented it.
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<br><br><b>desolate...sit upon...ground</b>—the very figure under which Judea was represented on medals after the destruction by Titus: a <i>female sitting</i> under a palm tree in a posture of grief; the motto, <i>Judaea capta</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Job',2,13);">Job 2:13</a> <a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,10);">Lam 2:10</a>, where, as here primarily, the destruction by Nebuchadnezzar is alluded to).
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