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72 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Daniel';
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PriorChapter = 'Hosea 7';
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NextChapter = 'Hosea 9';
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Title = 'The Book of Hosea';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 8';
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<p id="Chapter8" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 8
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<p id="Ho8_1"><a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,'1-14');">Hsa 8:1-14</a>. PROPHECY OF THE IRRUPTION OF THE
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ASSYRIANS, IN PUNISHMENT FOR ISRAEL'S APOSTASY, IDOLATRY, AND SETTING UP OF KINGS WITHOUT GOD'S SANCTION.
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<p>In <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,14);">Hsa 8:14</a>, <i>Judah</i> is said to multiply fenced cities; and in <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,'7-9');">Hsa 8:7-9</a>, Israel, to its great hurt, is said to have gone up to Assyria for help. This answers best to the reign of Menahem. For it was then that Uzziah of Judah, his contemporary, built fenced cities (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',26,6,9,10);">2Ch 26:6, 9-10</a>). Then also Israel turned to Assyria and had to pay for their sinful folly a thousand talents of silver (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',15,19);">2Ki 15:19</a>) [MAURER].
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<p><b>1. Set the trumpet,</b> etc.—to give warning of the approach of the enemy: "To thy <i>palate</i> (that is, 'mouth,' <a onclick="return mV('Job',31,30);">Job 31:30</a>, <i>Margin</i>) the trumpet"; the abruptness of expression indicates the suddenness of the attack. So <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',5,8);">Hsa 5:8</a>.
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<br><br><b>as...eagle</b>—the Assyrian (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',28,49);">Deu 28:49</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,40);">Jer 48:40</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hab',1,8);">Hab 1:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>against...house of...Lord</b>—not the temple, but Israel viewed as <i>the family of God</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',9,15);">Hsa 9:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Num',12,7);">Num 12:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',9,8);">Zec 9:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',3,2);">Hbr 3:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ti',3,15);">1Ti 3:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Pe',4,17);">1Pe 4:17</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_2"><b>2. My God, we know thee</b>—the singular, "My," is used distributively, each one so addressing God. They, in their hour of need, plead their knowledge of God as the covenant-people, while in their <i>acts</i> they acknowledge Him not (compare <a onclick="return mV('Mat',7,21,22);">Mat 7:21-22</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Tts',1,16);">Tts 1:16</a>; also <a onclick="return mV('Isa',29,13);">Isa 29:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',7,4);">Jer 7:4</a>). The <i>Hebrew</i> joins "Israel," not as <i>English Version,</i> with "shall cry," but "<i>We, Israel,</i> know thee"; God denies the claim thus urged on the ground of their descent from Israel.
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<p id="Ho8_3"><b>3. Israel</b>—God repeats the name in opposition to <i>their</i> use of it (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,2);">Hsa 8:2</a> ).
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<br><br><b>the thing that is good</b>—JEROME translates, "God" who is good and doing good (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',119,68);">Psa 119:68</a>). He is the chief object rejected, but with Him also all that is good.
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<br><br><b>the enemy shall pursue him</b>—in just retribution from God.
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<p id="Ho8_4"><b>4. kings...not by me</b>—not with My sanction (<a onclick="return mV('1Ki',11,31);">1Ki 11:31</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',12,20);">12:20</a>). Israel set up Jeroboam and his successors, whereas God had appointed the house of David as the rightful kings of the whole nation.
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<br><br><b>I knew it not</b>—I <i>approved</i> it not (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',1,6);">Psa 1:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>of...gold...idols</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',2,8);">Hsa 2:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',13,2);">13:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>that they may be cut off</b>—that is, though warned of the consequences of idolatry, as it were with open eyes they rushed on their own destruction. So <a onclick="return mV('Jer',27,10,15);">Jer 27:10, 15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',27,10,15);">44:8</a>.
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<p id="Ho8_5"><b>5. hath cast thee off</b>—As the ellipsis of <i>thee</i> is unusual, MAURER translates, "thy calf <i>is abominable.</i>" But the antithesis to <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,3);">Hsa 8:3</a> establishes <i>English Version,</i> "Israel <i>hath cast off</i> the thing that is good"; therefore, in just retribution, "thy calf hath cast thee off," that is, is made by God the cause of thy being cast off (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,15);">Hsa 10:15</a>). Jeroboam, during his sojourn in Egypt, saw Apis worshipped at Memphis, and Mnevis at Heliopolis, in the form of an ox; this, and the temple cherubim, suggested the idea of the calves set up at Dan and Beth-el.
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<br><br><b>how long...ere they attain to innocency?</b>—How long will they be incapable of bearing innocency? [MAURER].
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<p id="Ho8_6"><b>6. from Israel was it</b>—that is, the calf originated with them, not from Me. "It also," as well as their "kings set up" by them, "but not by Me" (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',8,4);">Hsa 8:4</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_7"><b>7. sown...reap</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',22,8);">Pro 22:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gal',6,7);">Gal 6:7</a>). "Sow...wind," that is, to make the vain show of worship, while faith and obedience are wanting [CALVIN]. Rather, to offer senseless supplications to the calves for good harvests (compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',2,8);">Hsa 2:8</a>); the result being that God will make them "reap no stalk," that is, "standing corn." Also, the phraseology proverbially means that all their undertakings shall be profitless (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',11,29);">Pro 11:29</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Ecc',5,16);">Ecc 5:16</a>).
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<br><br><b>the bud</b>—or, "growth."
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<br><br><b>strangers</b>—foreigners (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',7,9);">Hsa 7:9</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_8"><b>8. vessel wherein is no pleasure</b>— (<a href= "#" onclick="return mV('Psa',41,12);">Psa 41:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',22,28);">Jer 22:28</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,38);">48:38</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_9"><b>9. gone...to Assyria</b>—referring to Menahem's application for Pul's aid in establishing him on the throne (compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',5,13);">Hsa 5:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',7,11);">7:11</a>). Menahem's name is read in the inscriptions in the southwest palace of Nimrod, as a tributary to the Assyrian king in his eighth year. The dynasty of Pul, or Phalluka, was supplanted at Nineveh by that of Tiglath-pileser, about 768 (or 760) B.C. Semiramis seems to have been Pul's wife, and to have withdrawn to Babylon in 768; and her son, Nabonassar, succeeding after a period of confusion, originated "the era of Nabonassar," 747 B.C. [G. V. SMITH]. Usually foreigners coming to Israel's land were said to "go <i>up</i>"; here it is the reverse, to intimate Israel's <i>sunken</i> state, and Assyria's superiority.
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<br><br><b>wild ass</b>—a figure of Israel's headstrong perversity in following her own bent (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',2,24);">Jer 2:24</a>).
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<br><br><b>alone by himself</b>—characteristic of Israel in all ages: "lo, the people shall dwell alone" (<a onclick="return mV('Num',23,9);">Num 23:9</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Job',39,'5-8');">Job 39:5-8</a>).
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<br><br><b>hired lovers</b>—reversing the ordinary way, namely, that lovers should hire her (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',16,33,34);">Eze 16:33-34</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_10"><b>10. will I gather them</b>—namely, the <i>nations</i> (Assyria, etc.) against Israel, instead of their assisting her as she had wished (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',16,37);">Eze 16:37</a>).
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<br><br><b>a little</b>—rather, "in a little" [HENDERSON]. <i>English Version</i> gives good sense: They shall sorrow "a little" at the imposition of the tribute; God suspended yet the <i>great</i> judgment, namely, their deportation by Assyria.
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<br><br><b>the burden of the king of princes</b>—the tribute imposed on Israel (under Menahem) by the Assyrian king Pul, (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',15,'19-22');">2Ki 15:19-22</a>), who had many "princes" under his sway (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,8);">Isa 10:8</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_11"><b>11.</b> God in righteous retribution gives them up to their own way; the sin becomes its own punishment (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',1,31);">Pro 1:31</a>).
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<br><br><b>many altars</b>—in opposition to God's law (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',12,5,6,13,14);">Deu 12:5-6, 13-14</a>).
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<br><br><b>to sin...to sin</b>—Their altars which were "sin" (whatever religious intentions they might plead) should be treated as such, and be the source of their punishment (<a onclick="return mV('1Ki',12,30);">1Ki 12:30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',13,34);">13:34</a>).
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<p id="Ho8_12"><b>12. great things of...law</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',4,6, 8);">Deu 4:6, 8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',19,8);">Psa 19:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',119,18,72);">119:18, 72</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',147,19,20);">147:19-20</a>). MAURER not so well translates, "<i>the many</i> things of My law."
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<br><br><b>my law</b>—as opposed to their inventions. This reference of Hosea to the Pentateuch alone is against the theory that some earlier written prophecies have not come down to us.
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<br><br><b>strange thing</b>—as if a thing with which they had nothing to do.
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<p id="Ho8_13"><b>13. sacrifices of mine offerings</b>—that is, which they offer to Me.
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<br><br><b>eat it</b>—Their own carnal gratification is the object which they seek, not My honor.
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<br><br><b>now</b>—that is, "speedily."
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<br><br><b>shall return to Egypt</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',9,3, 6);">Hsa 9:3, 6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,11);">11:11</a>). The same threat as in <a onclick="return mV('Deu',28,68);">Deu 28:68</a>. They fled thither to escape from the Assyrians (compare as to <i>Judah,</i> <a onclick="return mV('Jer',42,'1-');">Jer 42:1 - Jer 44:30</a>), when these latter had overthrown their nation. But see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Hsa/Hsa009.html#Ho9_3">Ho 9:3</a>.
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<p id="Ho8_14"><b>14. forgotten...Maker</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,18);">Deu 32:18</a>).
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<br><br><b>temples</b>—to idols.
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<br><br><b>Judah...fenced cities</b>—Judah, though less idolatrous than Israel, betrayed lack of faith in Jehovah by trusting more to its fenced cities than to Him; instead of making peace with God, Judah multiplied human defenses (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',22,8);">Isa 22:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',5,17);">Jer 5:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',5,10,11);">Mic 5:10-11</a>).
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<br><br><b>I will send...fire upon...cities</b>—Sennacherib burned all Judah's fenced cities except Jerusalem (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,13);">2Ki 18:13</a>).
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<br><br><b>palaces thereof</b>—namely, of the land. Compare as to Jerusalem, <a onclick="return mV('Jer',17,27);">Jer 17:27</a>.
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