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<h2><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,'all');">1Ch 18</a> - The Security of David's Kingdom</h2>
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<p><span>A. David conquers neighboring nations.</span></p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,1);">1</a>) David subdues the Philistines.</p>
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<p class="c2">After this it came to pass that David attacked the Philistines, subdued them, and took Gath and its towns from the hand of the Philistines.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">David attacked the Philistines, subdued them</span></b>: The Philistines had troubled Israel for centuries, and often dominated Israel. Under the reign of David, he both <b><span class="c3">attacked</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">subdued</span></b> these troublesome enemies.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. David didn't avoid fighting the Philistines because Israel had lost to them so many times before. "The thing that fascinates me about this complete victory is the utter contempt with which David treated the great power of his adversaries." (Redpath)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">And took Gath</span></b>: When David became king the Philistines were <i>taking</i> territory from God's people. Under his leadership, God's people began to <i>take</i> territory from the enemy.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "Evidence for David's conquest of <i>Gath and its surrounding villages</i> is found in the presence of 600 Gittites in David's entourage (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',15,18);">2Sa 15:18</a>)." (Selman)</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,2);">2</a>) The Moabites put under tribute.</p>
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<p class="c2">Then he defeated Moab, and the Moabites became David's servants, <i>and</i> brought tribute.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">He defeated Moab</span></b>: David's war against Moab, and his harsh treatment of their army seems out of place considering that David's great-grandmother was a Moabite (Ruth) and that he entrusted his mother and father into the care of the Moabites (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',22,'3-4');">1Sa 22:3-4</a>). It may be that the Moabites killed or mistreated David's parents.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Brought tribute</span></b>: God did not want Israel to <i>destroy</i> every neighbor nation. Generally, God wanted Israel to be so blessed and strong that other nations were "taxed" by Israel, in recognition of their strength and dominance.</p>
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<p class="c1">3. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,'3-8');">3-8</a>) David conquers a Syrian alliance.</p>
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<p class="c2">And David defeated Hadadezer king of Zobah <i>as far as</i> Hamath, as he went to establish his power by the River Euphrates. David took from him one thousand chariots, seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand foot soldiers. And David also hamstrung all the chariot <i>horses,</i> except that he spared enough of them for one hundred chariots. When the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David killed twenty-two thousand of the Syrians. Then David put <i>garrisons</i> in Syria of Damascus; and the Syrians became David's servants, <i>and</i> brought tribute. So the <span class="c6">Lord</span> preserved David wherever he went. And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. Also from Tibhath and from Chun, cities of Hadadezer, David brought a large amount of bronze, with which Solomon made the bronze Sea, the pillars, and the articles of bronze.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">As he went to establish his power by the River Euphrates</span></b>: The king of <b><span class="c3">Zobah</span></b> (a Syrian kingdom) ran into David on his way to capture territory to the Euphrates. David's dominance extended all the way to the Euphrates River.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "The border of Israel was carried to the line of the Euphrates, so that promise made by God to Abraham was fulfilled: 'Unto thy seed I have given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates.' " (Meyer)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "Then there was Syria, the great heathen nation to the north, divided into two groups with capitals at Zobah and Damascus. They united together for protection but found themselves helpless against the might of David." (Redpath)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">David also hamstrung all the chariot horses</span></b>: This was military necessity instead of mere animal cruelty. David could not care for so many horses while on military campaign and he could not give them back to the enemy.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">He spared enough of them for one hundred chariots</span></b>: That David kept such a small number shows remarkable self-control and trust in God. David obeyed the principle of <a onclick="return mV('Deu',17,'15-16');">Deu 17:15-16</a> and absolutely refused to trust in horses as military weapons. His trust was in God instead (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',20,7);">Psa 20:7</a> and <a onclick="return mV('Psa',33,'16-17');">33:16-17</a>).</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer</span></b>: David took what was the glory of the enemy and transformed it into trophies of the power and goodness of God. Those <b><span class="c3">shields of gold</span></b> were now in the temple, testifying to God's work in and through David.</p>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">David brought a large amount of bronze, with which Solomon made the bronze Sea, the pillars, and the articles of bronze</span></b>: The gathering of this treasure to Jerusalem, later used in the building of the temple, shows the reason why the Chronicler chose particular events from the records of 2 Samuel to emphasize.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "At first glance, this is a somewhat artificial record of David's military successes, which has been produced by leaving out the more interesting narratives and those less favourable to David. This view is rather inaccurate, however, since positive elements such as the birth of Solomon, David's magnanimity to Saul's family, and David's psalms are omitted. . . . The reason is that Chronicles has chosen to focus on the relationship of David's wars with the Davidic covenant and the temple preparations." (Selman)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. One needed two things to build the temple: security and money. These chapters show how David, though he could not build the temple himself, obtained the security and money necessary for his son to build the temple.</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. "In view of the desire of the king to build the Temple of God, the chapter is of special interest; it shows how in these wars he was amassing treasure with that purpose in view, not for himself, but for his son." (Meyer)</p>
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<p class="c5">iv. Even when God shuts the door for us to do a work, we may still be vitally involved in it - often by amassing treasure for that work, as David did for the temple his son would build. "To be willing to do the work of preparation, when not permitted to undertake the principle service, is proof of real devotion." (Morgan)</p>
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<p class="c1">4. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,'9-13');">9-13</a>) The glory and security of David's kingdom.</p>
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<p class="c2">Now when Tou king of Hamath heard that David had defeated all the army of Hadadezer king of Zobah, he sent Hadoram his son to King David, to greet him and bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him (for Hadadezer had been at war with Tou); and <i>Hadoram brought with him</i> all kinds of articles of gold, silver, and bronze. King David also dedicated these to the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, along with the silver and gold that he had brought from all <i>these</i> nations; from Edom, from Moab, from the people of Ammon, from the Philistines, and from Amalek. Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah killed eighteen thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt. He also put garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David's servants. And the <span class="c6">Lord</span> preserved David wherever he went.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Tou . . . sent Hadoram his son to King David, to greet him and bless him</span></b>: Neighboring nations saw the hand of God on David and brought him honor and gifts. They knew that a strong, godly leader of Israel was good for the whole community of nations, not just good for Israel itself.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Not every pagan nation surrounding Israel was hostile to Israel or their God, and David did not treat them as if they were hostile. We make a mistake if we treat every unbeliever as an openly hostile enemy of the Lord.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "Tou's son was probably called <i>Hadoram</i> rather than 'Joram' (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',8,10);">2Sa 8:10</a>), since the latter's Yahwistic form is unlikely in a non-Israelite state." (Selman)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">King David also dedicated these to the <span class="c6">Lord</span></span></b>: When David received this acclaim from the nations he <b><span class="c7">dedicated</span></b> it all to the <span class="c6">Lord</span>. He knew that the praise and glory belonged to God, not himself. David could handle success as well as apparent failure.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">From Edom, from Moab, from the people of Ammon, from the Philistines, and from Amalek</span></b>: By citing these subdued nations we learn that David's victories were complete. God used David to lead Israel to victory over enemies in every direction.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Israel possessed more of the land God promised to Abraham (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',15,'18-21');">Gen 15:18-21</a>) under David's reign than at any other time.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. David was able to accomplish so much against God's enemies because he, unlike Saul, was not consumed with fighting against the people of God</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> preserved David wherever he went</span></b>: This is the summary of this whole chapter. Every victory and every enemy subdued was a testimony to the Lord's preserving power in the life and reign of David.</p>
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<p>B. David's administration.</p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,14);">14</a>) A general description of David's government.</p>
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<p class="c2">So David reigned over all Israel, and administered judgment and justice to all his people.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">So David reigned</span></b>: This chapter of victory, blessing, and prosperity describes the national life of Israel during the reign of David. This is one reason why he is generally regarded as the greatest king or ruler Israel ever had.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. This is how God wanted to reign in the life of Saul, but Saul resisted the Lord and rejected His Spirit. Because David allowed God to subdue Him, the nations were subdued before David.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Administered judgment and justice to all his people</span></b>: This shows that David was a great king to his own people, not only against neighboring nations. He fulfilled what is the fundamental duty of government - to administer <b><span class="c3">judgment and justice</span></b> (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',13,'1-7');">Rom 13:1-7</a>).</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',18,'15-17');">15-17</a>) Key people in David's government.</p>
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<p class="c2">Joab the son of Zeruiah <i>was</i> over the army; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud <i>was</i> recorder; Zadok the son of Ahitub and Abimelech the son of Abiathar <i>were</i> the priests; Shavsha <i>was</i> the scribe; Benaiah the son of Jehoiada <i>was</i> over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons <i>were</i> chief ministers at the king's side.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Joab . . . Jehoshaphat . . . Zadok . . . Abimelech . . . Shavsha . . . Benaiah</span></b>: No great ruler succeeds by himself. Only the smallest organizations can be governed well without a gifted and committed team. Part of David's success as a ruler was in his ability to assemble, train, empower, and maintain such a team.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. We never find such a list regarding the organization of King Saul's government. This is because David's government had much more form and structure than Saul's.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. There is a limit to what we can be and what we can do for the <span class="c6">Lord</span> without order and organization. It isn't that order and organization are requirements for progress in the Christian life; they <i>are</i> progress in the Christian life, becoming more like the <span class="c6">Lord</span>.</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. <i>Nothing</i> is accomplished in God's kingdom without order and organization. While it may <i>seem</i> so to us, it is only an illusion - behind the scenes God is moving with utmost order and organization though sometimes we cannot see it.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Zadok the son of Ahitub and Abimelech the son of Abiathar were the priests</span></b>: There were two priestly centers at this time, thus two priests. One was at Gibeon, with the tabernacle of Moses and the altar of burn offering. The other was at Jerusalem, with the special tent David made for the ark of the covenant. Thus there were two priests, <b><span class="c3">Zadok</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">Abiathar</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">The Cherethites and Pelethites</span></b>: These were hired soldiers from Crete. "By employing foreign guards to ensure the safety of the king David would minimize the possibility of becoming the victim of inter-tribal rivalries; these men from Crete could give whole-hearted allegiance to him." (Baldwin, commentary on <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',8,'all');">2Sa 8</a>)</p>
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