69 lines
9.6 KiB
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69 lines
9.6 KiB
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 17';
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<p id="Chapter17" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 17
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<p id="Isa17_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,'1-11');">Isa 17:1-11</a>. PROPHECY CONCERNING DAMASCUS AND ITS ALLY SAMARIA, that is, Syria and Israel, which had leagued together (seventh and eighth chapters).
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<p>Already, Tiglath-pileser had carried away the people of Damascus to Kir, in the fourth year of Ahaz (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',16,9);">2Ki 16:9</a>); but now in Hezekiah's reign a <i>further</i> overthrow is foretold (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,23);">Jer 49:23</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',9,1);">Zec 9:1</a>). Also, Shalmaneser carried away Israel from Samaria to Assyria (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',17,6);">2Ki 17:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,10,11);">18:10-11</a>) in the <i>sixth</i> year of Hezekiah of Judah (the ninth year of Hoshea of Israel). This prophecy was, doubtless, given previously in the <i>first</i> years of Hezekiah when the foreign nations came into nearer collision with Judah, owing to the threatening aspect of Assyria.
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<p><b>1. Damascus</b>—put before <i>Israel</i> (Ephraim, <a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,3);">Isa 17:3</a>), which is chiefly referred to in what follows, because it was the prevailing power in the league; with it Ephraim either stood or fell (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',7,'1-25');">Isa 7:1-25</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_2"><b>2. cities of Aroer</b>—that is, the cities round Aroer, and under its jurisdiction [GESENIUS]. So "cities with their villages" (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',15,44);">Jos 15:44</a>); "Heshbon and all her cities" (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',13,17);">Jos 13:17</a>). Aroer was near Rabbahammon, at the river of Gad, an arm of the Jabbok (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',24,5);">2Sa 24:5</a>), founded by the Gadites (<a onclick="return mV('Num',32,34);">Num 32:34</a>).
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<br><br><b>for flocks</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',5,17);">Isa 5:17</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_3"><b>3. fortress...cease</b>—The strongholds shall be pulled down (<i>Samaria</i> especially: <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,14);">Hsa 10:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',1,6);">Mic 1:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hab',1,10);">Hab 1:10</a>).
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<br><br><b>remnant of Syria</b>—all that was left after the overthrow by Tiglath-pileser (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',16,9);">2Ki 16:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>as the glory of...Israel</b>—They shall meet with the same fate as Israel, their ally.
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<p id="Isa17_4"><b>4. glory of Jacob</b>—the kingdom of Ephraim and all that they rely on (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',12,2);">Hsa 12:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',1,5);">Mic 1:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>fatness...lean</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa010.html#Isa10_16">Isa 10:16</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_5"><b>5. harvestman,</b> etc.—The inhabitants and wealth of Israel shall be swept away, and but few left behind just as the husbandman gathers the corn and the fruit, and leaves only a few gleaning ears and grapes (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',18,'9-11');">2Ki 18:9-11</a>).
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<br><br><b>with his arm</b>—He collects the standing grain with one arm, so that he can cut it with the sickle in the other hand.
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<br><br><b>Rephaim</b>—a fertile plain at the southwest of Jerusalem toward Beth-lehem and the country of the Philistines (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',5,'18-22');">2Sa 5:18-22</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_6"><b>6. in it</b>—that is, in the land of Israel.
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<br><br><b>two or three...in the top</b>—A few poor inhabitants shall be left in Israel, like the two or three olive berries left on the topmost boughs, which it is not worth while taking the trouble to try to reach.
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<p id="Isa17_7"><b>7. look to his Maker</b>—instead of trusting in their <i>fortresses</i>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,3);">Isa 17:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',7,7);">Mic 7:7</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_8"><b>8. groves</b>—A symbolical tree is often found in Assyrian inscriptions, representing <i>the hosts of heaven</i> ("Saba"), answering to Ashteroth or Astarte, the queen of heaven, as Baal or Bel is the king. Hence the expression, "image of the grove," is explained (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',21,7);">2Ki 21:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>images</b>—literally, "images to the sun," that is, to Baal, who answers to the sun, as Astarte to the hosts of heaven (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',23,5);">2Ki 23:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Job',31,26);">Job 31:26</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_9"><b>9. forsaken bough</b>—rather "the leavings of woods," what the axeman leaves when he cuts down the grove (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,6);">Isa 17:6</a>).
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<br><br><b>which they left because of</b>—rather, "which (the enemies) shall leave for the children of Israel"; literally, "shall leave (in departing) <i>from before the face</i> of the children of Israel" [MAURER]. But a few cities out of many shall be left to Israel, by the purpose of God, executed by the Assyrian.
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<p id="Isa17_10"><b>10. forgotten...God of...salvation ...rock</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,15,18);">Deu 32:15, 18</a>).
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<br><br><b>plants</b>—rather, "nursery grounds," "pleasure-grounds" [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>set in</b>—rather, "set them," the pleasure-grounds.
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<br><br><b>strange slips</b>—cuttings of plants from far, and therefore valuable.
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<p id="Isa17_11"><b>11. In the day...thy plant</b>—rather, "In the day of <i>thy planting</i>" [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>shalt...make...grow</b>—MAURER translates, "Thou didst <i>fence</i> it," namely, the pleasure-ground. The parallel clause, "Make...flourish," favors <i>English Version.</i> As soon as thou plantest, it grows.
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<br><br><b>in the morning</b>—that is, immediately after; so in <a onclick="return mV('Psa',94,14);">Psa 94:14</a>, the <i>Hebrew,</i> "in the morning," is translated "early."
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<br><br><b>but...shall be a heap</b>—rather, "but (promising as was the prospect) the harvest <i>is gone</i>" [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>in...day of grief</b>—rather, "in the day of (expected) <i>possession</i>" [MAURER]. "In the day of <i>inundation</i>" [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>of desperate sorrow</b>—rather, "And the sorrow shall be desperate or irremediable." In <i>English Version</i> "heap" and "sorrow" may be taken together by hendiadys. "The heap of the harvest shall be desperate sorrow" [ROSENMULLER].
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<p id="Isa17_12"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,'12-');">Isa 17:12-18:7</a> . SUDDEN DESTRUCTION OF A GREAT ARMY IN JUDEA (namely that of the Assyrian Sennacherib), AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE EVENT TO THE ETHIOPIAN AMBASSADORS.
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<p>The connection of this fragment with what precedes is: notwithstanding the calamities coming on Israel, the people of God shall not be utterly destroyed (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',6,12,13);">Isa 6:12-13</a>); the Assyrian spoilers shall perish (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,13,14);">Isa 17:13-14</a>).
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<p><b>12. Woe...multitude</b>—rather, "<i>Ho</i> (Hark)! <i>a noise</i> of," etc. The prophet in vision perceives the vast and mixed Assyrian hosts (<i>Hebrew,</i> "many <i>peoples,</i>" see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa005.html#Isa5_26">Isa 5:26</a>): on the hills of Judah (so "mountains," <a onclick="return mV('Isa',17,13);">Isa 17:13</a>): but at the "rebuke" of God, they shall "flee as chaff."
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<br><br><b>to the rushing...that make</b>—rather, "the roaring ...roareth" (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',8,7);">Isa 8:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',6,23);">Jer 6:23</a>).
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<p id="Isa17_13"><b>13. shall...shall</b>—rather, "God rebuketh (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',9,5);">Psa 9:5</a>) them, and they <i>flee—are chased</i>"; the event is set before the eyes as actually present, not future.
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<br><br><b>chaff of...mountains</b>—Threshing floors in the East are in the open air on <i>elevated</i> places, so as to catch the wind which separates the chaff from the wheat (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',88,13);">Psa 88:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',13,3);">Hsa 13:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>rolling thing</b>—anything that rolls: <i>stubble.</i>
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<p id="Isa17_14"><b>14. eventide...before morning</b>—fulfilled to the letter in the destruction "before morning" of the vast host that "at eveningtide" was such a <i>terror</i> ("trouble") to Judah; on the phrase see <a onclick="return mV('Psa',90,6);">Psa 90:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',30,5);">30:5</a>.
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<br><br><b>he is not</b>—namely, the enemy.
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<br><br><b>us</b>—the Jews. A general declaration of the doom that awaits the foes of God's people (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,17);">Isa 54:17</a>).
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