62 lines
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62 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Jonah';
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PriorBookURL = './Comm/jfb/Jon/Jon000.html';
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PriorChapter = 'Micah 3';
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NextChapter = 'Micah 5';
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Title = 'The Book of Micah';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 4';
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authorCite = 'Robert Jamieson; A.R. Fausset; and David Brown';
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<p id="Chapter4" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 4
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<p id="Mic4_1"><a onclick="return mV('Mic',4,'1-13');">Mic 4:1-13</a>. TRANSITION TO THE GLORY, PEACE, KINGDOM, AND VICTORY OF ZION.
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<p><b>1-3.</b> Almost identical with <a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,'2-4');">Isa 2:2-4</a>.
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<br><br><b>the mountain of the house of the Lord</b>—which just before (<a onclick="return mV('Mic',3,12);">Mic 3:12</a>) had been doomed to be a wild forest height. Under Messiah, its elevation is to be not that of situation, but of moral dignity, as the seat of God's universal empire.
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<br><br><b>people shall flow into it</b>—In Isaiah it is "all nations": a more universal prophecy.
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<p id="Mic4_3"><b>3. rebuke</b>—convict of sin (<a onclick="return mV('Jhn',16,8,9);">Jhn 16:8-9</a>); and subdue with judgments (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',2,5,9);">Psa 2:5, 9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',110,5,6);">110:5-6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',2,27);">Rev 2:27</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',12,5);">12:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>many people...strong nations afar off</b>—In <a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,4);">Isa 2:4</a> it is "the nations...many people."
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<p id="Mic4_4"><b>4. sit every man under his vine,</b> etc.—that is, enjoy the most prosperous tranquillity (<a onclick="return mV('1Ki',4,25);">1Ki 4:25</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',3,10);">Zec 3:10</a>). The "vine" and "fig tree" are mentioned rather than a <i>house,</i> to signify, there will be no need of a covert; men will be safe even in the fields and open air.
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<br><br><b>Lord of hosts hath spoken it</b>—Therefore it must come to pass, however unlikely now it may seem.
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<p id="Mic4_5"><b>5. For</b>—rather, <i>Though it be that</i> all people walk after their several gods, yet we (the Jews in the dispersion) will walk in the name of the Lord. So the <i>Hebrew</i> particle means in the <i>Margin,</i> <a onclick="return mV('Gen',8,21);">Gen 8:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Exd',13,17);">Exd 13:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jos',17,18);">Jos 17:18</a>. The resolution of the exile Jews is: As Jehovah gives us hope of so glorious a restoration, notwithstanding the overthrow of our temple and nation, we must in confident reliance on His promise persevere in the true worship of Him, however the nations around, our superiors now in strength and numbers, walk after their gods [ROSENMULLER]. As the Jews were thoroughly weaned from idols by the Babylonian captivity, so they shall be completely cured of unbelief by their present long dispersion (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',10,'8-12');">Zec 10:8-12</a>).
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<p id="Mic4_6"><b>6. assemble her that halteth</b>—feminine for neuter in <i>Hebrew</i> idiom, "<i>whatever halteth</i>": metaphor from sheep wearied out with a journey: all the suffering exiles of Israel (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',34,16);">Eze 34:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zep',3,19);">Zep 3:19</a>).
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<br><br><b>her...driven out</b>—all Israel's outcasts. Called "the Lord's flock" (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',13,17);">Jer 13:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',34,13);">Eze 34:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',37,21);">37:21</a>).
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<p id="Mic4_7"><b>7. I will make her that halted a remnant</b>—I will cause a remnant to remain which shall not perish.
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<br><br><b>Lord shall reign...in...Zion</b>—David's kingdom shall be restored in the person of Messiah, who is the seed of David and at the same time Jehovah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',24,23);">Isa 24:23</a>).
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<br><br><b>for ever</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',9,6,7);">Isa 9:6-7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Dan',7,14, 27);">Dan 7:14, 27</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Luk',1,33);">Luk 1:33</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',11,15);">Rev 11:15</a>).
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<p id="Mic4_8"><b>8. tower of the flock</b>—following up the metaphor of <i>sheep</i> (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Mic/Mic004.html#Mic4_6">Mic 4:6</a>). Jerusalem is called the "tower," from which the King and Shepherd observes and guards His flock: both the spiritual Jerusalem, the Church now whose tower-like elevation is that of doctrine and practice (<a onclick="return mV('Sgs',4,4);">Sgs 4:4</a>, "Thy neck is like the <i>tower</i> of David"), and the literal hereafter (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',3,17);">Jer 3:17</a>). In large pastures it was usual to erect a high wooden tower, so as to oversee the flock. JEROME takes the <i>Hebrew</i> for "flock," <i>Eder</i> or <i>Edar,</i> as a proper name, namely, a village near Beth-lehem, for which it is put, Beth-lehem being taken to represent the <i>royal stock of David</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Mic',5,2);">Mic 5:2</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Gen',35,21);">Gen 35:21</a>). But the explanatory words, "the stronghold of the daughter of Zion," confirm <i>English Version.</i>
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<br><br><b>stronghold</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "Ophel"; an impregnable height on Mount Zion (<a onclick="return mV('2Ch',27,3);">2Ch 27:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Ch',33,14);">33:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Neh',3,26,27);">Neh 3:26-27</a>).
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<br><br><b>unto thee shall...come...the first dominion</b>—namely, the dominion formerly exercised by thee shall come back to thee.
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<br><br><b>kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem</b>—rather, "the kingdom <i>of</i> the daughter of Jerusalem shall come (again)"; such as it was under David, before its being weakened by the secession of the ten tribes.
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<p id="Mic4_9"><b>9.</b> Addressed to the daughter of Zion, in her consternation at the approach of the Chaldeans.
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<br><br><b><i>is there</i> no king in thee?</b>—asked tauntingly. There is a king in her; but it is the same as if there were none, so helpless to devise means of escape are he and his counsellors [MAURER]. Or, Zion's pains are because her king is taken away from her (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',52,9);">Jer 52:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Lam',4,20);">Lam 4:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',12,13);">Eze 12:13</a>) [CALVIN]. The former is perhaps the preferable view (compare <a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,7);">Jer 49:7</a>). The latter, however, describes better Zion's kingless state during her present long dispersion (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',3,4,5);">Hsa 3:4-5</a>).
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<p id="Mic4_10"><b>10. Be in pain, and labour</b>—carrying on the metaphor of a pregnant woman. Thou shalt be affected with bitter sorrows before thy deliverance shall come. I do not forbid thy grieving, but I bring thee consolation. Though God cares for His children, yet they must not expect to be exempt from trouble, but must prepare for it.
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<br><br><b>go forth out of the city</b>—on its capture. So "come out" is used <a onclick="return mV('2Ki',24,12);">2Ki 24:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',36,16);">Isa 36:16</a>.
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<br><br><b>dwell in the field</b>—namely, in the open country, defenseless, instead of their fortified <i>city.</i> Beside the Chebar (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',137,1);">Psa 137:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',3,15);">Eze 3:15</a>).
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<br><br><b>Babylon</b>—Like Isaiah, Micah looks beyond the existing Assyrian dynasty to the Babylonian, and to Judah's captivity under it, and restoration (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',39,7);">Isa 39:7</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',43,14);">43:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',48,20);">48:20</a>. Had they been, as rationalists represent, merely sagacious politicians, they would have restricted their prophecies to the sphere of the existing <i>Assyrian</i> dynasty. But their seeing into the far-off future of <i>Babylon's</i> subsequent supremacy, and Judah's connection with her, proves them to be inspired prophets.
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<br><br><b>there...there</b>—emphatic repetition. The very scene of thy calamities is to be the scene of thy deliverance. In the midst of enemies, where all hope seems cut off, <i>there</i> shall Cyrus, the deliverer, appear (compare <a onclick="return mV('Jdg',14,14);">Jdg 14:14</a>). Cyrus again being the type of the greater Deliverer, who shall finally restore Israel.
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<p id="Mic4_11"><b>11. many nations</b>—the subject peoples composing Babylon's armies: and also Edom, Ammon, etc., who exulted in Judah's fall (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,16);">Lam 2:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Oba',1,'11-13');">Oba 1:11-13</a>).
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<br><br><b>defiled</b>—metaphor from a virgin. Let her be defiled (that is, outraged by violence and bloodshed), and let our eye gaze insultingly on her shame and sorrow (<a onclick="return mV('Mic',7,10);">Mic 7:10</a>). Her foes desired to feast their <i>eyes</i> on her calamities.
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<p id="Mic4_12"><b>12. thoughts of the Lord</b>—Their <i>unsearchable wisdom,</i> overruling seeming disaster to the final good of His people, is the very ground on which the restoration of Israel hereafter (of which the restoration from Babylon is a type) is based in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',55,8);">Isa 55:8</a> ; compare with <a onclick="return mV('Mic',4,3, 12,13);">Mic 4:3, 12-13</a>, which prove that <i>Israel,</i> not merely the Christian Church, is the ultimate subject of the prophecy; also in <a onclick="return mV('Rom',11,13);">Rom 11:13</a>. God's counsel is to discipline His people for a time with the foe as a scourge; and then to destroy the foe by the hands of His people.
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<br><br><b>gather them as...sheaves</b>—them who "gathered" themselves for Zion's destruction (<a onclick="return mV('Mic',4,11);">Mic 4:11</a>) the Lord "shall gather" for destruction by Zion (<a onclick="return mV('Mic',4,13);">Mic 4:13</a>), like <i>sheaves gathered to be threshed</i> (compare <a href= "#" onclick="return mV('Isa',21,10);">Isa 21:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',51,33);">Jer 51:33</a>). The <i>Hebrew</i> is <i>singular,</i> "sheaf." However great the numbers of the foe, they are all but as <i>one sheaf</i> ready to be threshed [CALVIN]. Threshing was done by treading with the feet: hence the propriety of the image for treading under foot and breaking asunder the foe.
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<p id="Mic4_13"><b>13. thresh</b>—destroy thy foes "gathered" by Jehovah as "sheaves" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',41,15,16);">Isa 41:15-16</a>).
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<br><br><b>thine horn</b>—Zion being compared to an ox treading corn, and an ox's strength lying in the horns, her <i>strength</i> is implied by giving her a <i>horn of iron</i> (compare <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',22,11);">1Ki 22:11</a>).
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<br><br><b>beat in pieces many</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Dan',2,44);">Dan 2:44</a>).
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<br><br><b>I will consecrate their gain unto the Lord</b>—God subjects the nations to Zion, not for her own selfish aggrandizement, but for His glory (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,6,9);">Isa 60:6, 9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,20);">Zec 14:20</a>, with which compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',23,18);">Isa 23:18</a>) and for their ultimate good; therefore He is here called, not merely God of Israel, but "Lord of the whole earth."
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