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<h2><a onclick="return mV('1Ch',27,'all');">1Ch 27</a> - Tribal Leaders and Officials of State</h2>
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<p><span>A. Captains over the army of Israel.</span></p>
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<p class="c1"><span>1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',27,1);">1</a>) <span>The</span> military divisions of Israel.</span></p>
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<p class="c2">And the children of Israel, according to their number, the heads of fathers' <i>houses,</i> the captains of thousands and hundreds and their officers, served the king in every matter of the <i>military</i> divisions. <i>These divisions</i> came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year, each division <i>having</i> twenty-four thousand.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">And the children of Israel . . . served the king in every matter of the military divisions</span></b>: Under David and most every other king of Israel or Judah, Israel never relied on mercenary soldiers. Israelites themselves <b><span class="c3">served the king in every matter of the military</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">These divisions came in and went out month by month</span></b>: David's army was also divided into units of twelve, with one group of the twelve on alert each month of the year. This was an effective way to keep troops always ready and the inactive troops regularly trained.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "All these men were prepared, disciplined, and ready at a call, without the smallest expense to the state or the king. These were, properly speaking, the <i>militia</i> of the <span>Israelitish</span> kingdom." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',27,'2-15');">2-15</a>) Captains over David's army.</p>
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<p class="c2">Over the first division for the first month <i>was</i> <span>Jashobeam</span> the son of <span>Zabdiel</span>, and in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand; <i>he was</i> of the children of <span>Perez,</span> and the chief of all the captains of the army for the first month. Over the division of the second month <i>was</i> <span>Dodai</span> an <span>Ahohite</span>, and of his division <span>Mikloth</span> also <i>was</i> the leader; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The third captain of the army for the third month <i>was</i> <span>Benaiah</span>, the son of <span>Jehoiada</span> the priest, who was chief; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. This was the <span>Benaiah</span> <i>who was</i> mighty <i>among</i> the thirty, and was over the thirty; in his division <i>was</i> <span>Ammizabad</span> his son. The fourth <i>captain</i> for the fourth month <i>was</i> <span>Asahel</span> the brother of <span>Joab</span>, and <span>Zebadiah</span> his son after him; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The fifth <i>captain</i> for the fifth month <i>was</i> <span>Shamhuth</span> the <span>Izrahite</span>; in his division were twenty-four thousand. The sixth <i>captain</i> for the sixth month <i>was</i> Ira the son of <span>Ikkesh</span> the <span>Tekoite</span>; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The seventh <i>captain</i> for the seventh month <i>was</i> <span>Helez</span> the <span>Pelonite</span>, of the children of Ephraim; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The eighth <i>captain</i> for the eighth month <i>was</i> <span>Sibbechai</span> the <span>Hushathite</span>, of the <span>Zarhites</span>; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The ninth <i>captain</i> for the ninth month <i>was</i> <span>Abiezer</span> the <span>Anathothite</span>, of the <span>Benjamites</span>; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The tenth <i>captain</i> for the tenth month <i>was</i> <span>Maharai</span> the <span>Netophathite</span>, of the <span>Zarhites</span>; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The eleventh <i>captain</i> for the eleventh month <i>was</i> <span>Benaiah</span> the <span>Pirathonite</span>, of the children of Ephraim; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand. The twelfth <i>captain</i> for the twelfth month <i>was</i> <span>Heldai</span> the <span>Netophathite</span>, of <span>Othniel</span>; in his division <i>were</i> twenty-four thousand.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a</span>. <b><span class="c3">Of the first division</span></b>: This section explains the twelve divisions mentioned in the previous verses.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <span><b><span class="c3">Benaiah</span></b></span><b><span class="c3">, the son of <span>Jehoiada</span></span></b>: <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',23,'20-21');">2Sa 23:20-21</a> describes this same <span>Benaiah</span> as a great hero in Israel, someone who killed two mighty Moabites, a lion in a pit on a snowy day, and a formidable Egyptian.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <span><b><span class="c3">Asahel</span></b></span> <b><span class="c3">the brother of <span>Joab</span></span></b>: As recorded in <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',2,'18-23');">2Sa 2:18-23</a>, <span>Asahel</span> was tragically killed in battle by <span>Abner</span>, who was the commander of <span>Ishbosheth's</span> armies (this was the son of Saul who tried to follow him on the throne of Israel).</p>
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<p>B. Tribal leaders over Israel and officials in King David's government.</p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',27,'16-22');">16-22</a>) Tribal leaders.</p>
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<p class="c2">Furthermore, over the tribes of Israel: the officer over the <span>Reubenites</span> <i>was</i> <span>Eliezer</span> the son of <span>Zichri</span>; over the <span>Simeonites</span>, <span>Shephatiah</span> the son of <span>Maachah</span>; <i>over</i> the Levites, <span>Hashabiah</span> the son of <span>Kemuel</span>; over the <span>Aaronites</span>, <span>Zadok</span>; <i>over</i> Judah, <span>Elihu</span>, <i>one</i> of David's brothers; <i>over</i> <span>Issachar</span>, <span>Omri</span> the son of Michael; <i>over</i> <span>Zebulun</span>, <span>Ishmaiah</span> the son of Obadiah; <i>over</i> <span>Naphtali</span>, <span>Jerimoth</span> the son of <span>Azriel</span>; <i>over</i> the children of Ephraim, <span>Hoshea</span> the son of <span>Azaziah</span>; <i>over</i> the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of <span>Pedaiah</span>; <i>over</i> the <i>half-</i>tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, <span>Iddo</span> the son of Zechariah; <i>over</i> Benjamin, <span>Jaasiel</span> the son of <span>Abner</span>; <i>over</i> Dan, <span>Azarel</span> the son of <span>Jeroham</span>. These <i>were</i> the leaders of the tribes of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">The officer over the <span>Reubenites</span> was <span>Eliezer</span> the son of <span>Zichri</span></span></b>: This list describes tribal leaders who were not priests or military leaders, but administrators in the civil service of the Kingdom of Israel.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "We have the account of the order of the <i>civil</i> service, that which related simply to the <i>political state</i> of the king and the kingdom." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">These were the leaders of the tribes of Israel</span></b>: For some reason, the tribes of Asher and Gad are excluded on this list. "In this enumeration there is no mention of the tribes of Asher and Gad. Probably the account of these has been lost from this register. These rulers appear to have been all honorary men, like the lords lieutenants of our counties." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('1Ch',27,'23-34');">23-34</a>) Officials in King David's government.</p>
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<p class="c2">But David did not take the number of those twenty years old and under, because the <span class="c6">Lord</span> had said He would multiply Israel like the stars of the heavens. <span>Joab</span> the son of <span>Zeruiah</span> began a census, but he did not finish, for wrath came upon Israel because of this census; nor was the number recorded in the account of the chronicles of King David. And <span>Azmaveth</span> the son of <span>Adiel</span> <i>was</i> over the king's treasuries; and <span>Jehonathan</span> the son of <span>Uzziah</span> was over the storehouses in the field, in the cities, in the villages, and in the fortresses. <span>Ezri</span> the son of <span>Chelub</span> was over those who did the work of the field for tilling the ground. And <span>Shimei</span> the <span>Ramathite</span> <i>was</i> over the <span>vineyards,</span> and <span>Zabdi</span> the <span>Shiphmite</span> was over the produce of the vineyards for the supply of wine. Baal-<span>Hanan</span> the <span>Gederite</span> was over the olive trees and the sycamore trees that <i>were</i> in the lowlands, and <span>Joash</span> <i>was</i> over the store of oil. And <span>Shitrai</span> the <span>Sharonite</span> <i>was</i> over the herds that fed in Sharon, and <span>Shaphat</span> the son of Adlai was over the herds <i>that were</i> in the valleys. <span>Obil</span> the Ishmaelite <i>was</i> over the camels, <span>Jehdeiah</span> the <span>Meronothite</span> <i>was</i> over the donkeys, and <span>Jaziz</span> the <span>Hagrite</span> <i>was</i> over the flocks. All these <i>were</i> the officials over King David's property. Also <span>Jehonathan</span>, David's uncle, <i>was</i> a counselor, a wise man, and a scribe; and <span>Jehiel</span> the son of <span>Hachmoni</span> <i>was</i> with the king's sons. <span>Ahithophel</span> <i>was</i> the king's counselor, and <span>Hushai</span> the <span>Archite</span> <i>was</i> the king's companion. After <span>Ahithophel</span> <i>was</i> <span>Jehoiada</span> the son of <span>Benaiah</span>, then <span>Abiathar</span>. And the general of the king's army <i>was</i> <span>Joab</span>.</p>
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<p class="c4"><span>a. <b><span class="c3">David did not take the number of those twenty years old and under, because the <span class="c6">Lord</span> had said He would multiply Israel like the stars of the heavens</span></b></span>: David wisely refrained from completing an unwise census, trusting that God would increase the kingdom and make them great.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">Treasuries . . . storehouses . . . work of the field for tilling the ground . . . vineyards . . . olive trees . . . herds . . . camels . . . donkeys . . . flocks</span></b>: David had trusted men to oversee these areas, and they were just as important to the kingdom as the more obviously spiritual leaders.</p>
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<p class="c5"><span>i</span><span>. "The greatness of David as a king was manifested in the acts of peaceful administration, as surely as in his victories on the fields of battle.</span> The tilling of the ground, and its careful cultivation; the rearing of cattle; and all the things pertaining to the welfare of his people were arranged for, under duly qualified and appointed oversight." (Morgan)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "Each of these different men had his distinct sphere for which he was doubtless specially qualified; and it was his duty - not to be jealous of others, nor eager to imitate them, but - to be faithful in his own province." (Meyer)</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. The key was that <b><span class="c3">all these were the officials over King David's property</span></b>. "How great an error it would have been had any of these begun to account the produce of cattle or ground as his <span>own!</span> He had nothing that he had not received, and whatever he controlled had been entrusted to his care for the emolument and advantage of his sovereign." (Meyer)</p>
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<p class="c5">iv. "It is worthy of remark, that <span>Obil</span>, an Ishmaelite or Arab, was put over the camels which is a creature of Arabia; and that <span>Jaziz</span>, a <span>Hagarene</span>, (the <span>Hagarenes</span> were shepherds by profession,) was put over the flocks: nothing went by <span>favour</span>; each was appointed to the office for which he was best qualified; and thus men of worth were encouraged, and the public service effectually promoted." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <span><b><span class="c3">Hushai</span></b></span> <b><span class="c3">the <span>Archite</span> was the king's companion</span></b>: "<span>Hushai's</span> post of 'king's friend' (cf. <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',15,37);">2Sa 15:37</a>) may have begun on an informal and personal basis; but it became an official advisory position (cf. <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',4,5);">1Ki 4:5</a>)." (Payne)</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">The general of the king's army was <span>Joab</span></span></b>: <span>Joab</span> is one of the more complex characters of the Old Testament. He was fiercely loyal to David, yet not strongly obedient. He disobeyed David when he thought it was in David's best interest, and he was cunning and ruthless in furthering his own position.</p>
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