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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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<p id="Chapter16" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 16
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<p id="Isa16_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,'1-14');">Isa 16:1-14</a>. CONTINUATION OF THE PROPHECY AS TO MOAB.
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<p><b>1. lamb</b>—advice of the prophet to the Moabites who had fled southwards to Idumea, to send to the king of Judah the tribute of lambs, which they had formerly paid to <i>Israel,</i> but which they had given up (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',3,4,5);">2Ki 3:4-5</a>). David probably imposed this tribute before the severance of Judah and Israel (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',8,2);">2Sa 8:2</a>). Therefore Moab is recommended to gain the favor and protection of <i>Judah,</i> by paying it to the Jewish king. Type of the need of submitting to Messiah (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',2,'10-12');">Psa 2:10-12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',12,1);">Rom 12:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>from Sela to</b>—rather, "from Petra <i>through</i> (literally, 'towards') the wilderness" [MAURER]. "Sela" means "a rock," <i>Petra</i> in <i>Greek;</i> the capital of Idumea and Arabia-Petraea; the dwellings are mostly hewn out of the rock. The country around was a vast common ("wilderness") or open pasturage, to which the Moabites had fled on the invasion from the west (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',15,7);">Isa 15:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>ruler of the land</b>—namely, of <i>Idumea,</i> that is, the king of Judah; Amaziah had become master of Idumea and Sela (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',14,7);">2Ki 14:7</a>).
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<p id="Isa16_2"><b>2. cast out of...nest</b>—rather, "as a <i>brood</i> cast out" (in apposition with "a wandering bird," or rather, <i>wandering birds</i>), namely, a brood just fledged and expelled from the nest in which they were hatched [HORSLEY]. Compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,14);">Isa 10:14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,11);">Deu 32:11</a>.
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<br><br><b>daughters of Moab</b>—that is, the inhabitants of Moab. So <a onclick="return mV('2Ki',19,21);">2Ki 19:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',48,11);">Psa 48:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',46,11);">Jer 46:11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Lam',4,22);">Lam 4:22</a> [MAURER].
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<br><br><b>at the fords</b>—trying to cross the boundary river of Moab, in order to escape out of the land. EWALD and MAURER make "fords" a poetical expression for "<i>the dwellers</i> on Arnon," answering to the parallel clause of the same sense, "daughters of Moab."
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<p id="Isa16_3"><b>3-5.</b> GESENIUS, MAURER, etc., regard these verses as an address of the fugitive Moabites to the Jews for protection; they translate <a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,4);">Isa 16:4</a>, "Let mine outcasts <i>of Moab</i> dwell with thee, Judah"; the protection will be refused by the <i>Jews,</i> for the pride of Moab (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,6);">Isa 16:6</a>). VITRINGA makes it an additional advice <i>to Moab,</i> besides paying tribute. Give shelter to the Jewish outcasts who take refuge in thy land (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,3,4);">Isa 16:3-4</a>); so "mercy" will be shown thee in turn by whatever king sits on the "throne" of "David" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,5);">Isa 16:5</a>). Isaiah foresees that Moab will be too <i>proud</i> to pay the tribute, or conciliate Judah by sheltering its outcasts (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,6);">Isa 16:6</a>); therefore judgment shall be executed. However, as Moab just before is represented as itself an <i>outcast</i> in Idumea, it seems incongruous that it should be called on to <i>shelter</i> Jewish outcasts. So that it seems rather to foretell the ruined state of Moab <i>when its people should beg the Jews for shelter,</i> but be refused for their pride.
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<br><br><b>make...shadow as...night...in...noonday</b>—emblem of a thick shelter from the glaring noonday heat (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',4,6);">Isa 4:6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',25,4);">25:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',32,2);">32:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>bewray...wandereth</b>—Betray not the fugitive to his pursuer.
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<p id="Isa16_4"><b>4.</b> Rather, "Let the outcasts of Moab dwell with thee" (Judah) [HORSLEY].
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<br><br><b>for the extortioner,</b> etc.—The Assyrian <i>oppressor</i> probably.
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<br><br><b>is at an end</b>—By the time that Moab begs Judah for shelter, Judah shall be in a condition to afford it, <i>for</i> the Assyrian oppressor shall have been "consumed out of the land."
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<p id="Isa16_5"><b>5.</b> If Judah shelters the suppliant Moab, allowing him to remain in Idumea, a blessing will redound to Judah itself and its "throne."
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<br><br><b>truth...judgment...righteousness</b>—language so divinely framed as to apply to "the latter days" under King Messiah, when "the Lord shall bring again the captivity of Moab" (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',72,2);">Psa 72:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',96,13);">96:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',98,9);">98:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,47);">Jer 48:47</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',11,12);">Rom 11:12</a>).
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<br><br><b>hasting</b>—"prompt in executing."
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<p id="Isa16_6"><b>6. We</b>—Jews. We reject Moab's supplication for his pride.
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<br><br><b>lies</b>—false boasts.
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<br><br><b>not be so</b>—rather, "not right"; shall prove vain (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',25,10);">Isa 25:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,29,30);">Jer 48:29-30</a>;<a onclick="return mV('Zep',2,8);">Zep 2:8</a>). "It shall not be so; his lies shall not so effect it."
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<p id="Isa16_7"><b>7. Therefore</b>—all hope of being allowed "shelter by the Jews being cut off.
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<br><br><b>foundations</b>—that is, "ruins"; because, when houses are pulled down, the "foundations" alone are left (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',58,12);">Isa 58:12</a>). Jeremiah, in the parallel place (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,31);">Jer 48:31</a>), renders it "men," who are the moral foundations or stay of a city.
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<br><br><b>Kirhareseth</b>—literally, "a citadel of brick."
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<br><br><b>surely they are stricken</b>—rather, joined with "mourn"; "Ye shall mourn <i>utterly</i> stricken" [MAURER and HORSLEY].
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<p id="Isa16_8"><b>8. fields</b>—vine-fields (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',32,32);">Deu 32:32</a>).
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<br><br><b>vine of Sibmah</b>—near Heshbon: namely, languishes.
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<br><br><b>lords of...heathen</b>—The heathen princes, the Assyrians, etc., who invaded Moab, destroyed his vines. So Jeremiah in the parallel place (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,32,33);">Jer 48:32-33</a>). MAURER thinks the following words require rather the rendering, "Its (the vine of Sibmah) shoots (the wines got from them) overpowered (by its generous flavor and potency) the lords of the nations" (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',49,11,12,22);">Gen 49:11-12, 22</a>).
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<br><br><b>come...Jazer</b>—They (the vine shoots) reached even to Jazer, fifteen miles from Heshbon.
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<br><br><b>wandered</b>—They overran in wild luxuriance the wilderness of Arabia, encompassing Moab.
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<br><br><b>the sea</b>—the Dead Sea; or else some lake near Jazer now dry; in <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,32);">Jer 48:32</a> called "the sea of Jazer"; but see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Jer/Jer048.html#Jer48_32">Jer 48:32</a> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',80,'8-11');">Psa 80:8-11</a>).
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<p id="Isa16_9"><b>9. I</b>—will bewail for its desolation, though I belong to another nation (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa015.html#Isa15_5">Isa 15:5</a>).
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<br><br><b>with...weeping of Jazer</b>—as Jazer weeps.
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<br><br><b>shouting for...fallen</b>—rather, "<i>Upon</i> thy summer fruits and upon thy luxuriant vines the shouting (<i>the battle shout,</i> instead of the <i>joyous shout</i> of the grape-gatherers, usual at the vintage) is fallen" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,10);">Isa 16:10</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',25,30);">Jer 25:30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',51,14);">51:14</a>). In the parallel passage (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,32);">Jer 48:32</a>) the words substantially express the same sense. "The <i>spoiler</i> is fallen upon thy summer fruits."
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<p id="Isa16_10"><b>10. gladness</b>—such as is felt in gathering a rich harvest. There shall be <i>no harvest</i> or vintage owing to the desolation; therefore no "gladness."
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<p id="Isa16_11"><b>11. bowels</b>—in Scripture the seat of yearning compassion. It means the inward seat of emotion, the heart, etc. (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,15);">Isa 63:15</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',15,5);">Isa 15:5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',48,36);">Jer 48:36</a>).
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<br><br><b>sound...harp</b>—as its strings vibrate when beaten with the plectrum or hand.
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<p id="Isa16_12"><b>12. when it is seen that</b>—rather, "When Moab shall have <i>appeared</i> (before his gods; compare <a onclick="return mV('Exd',23,15);">Exd 23:15</a>), <i>when</i> he is weary (that is, when he shall have fatigued himself with observing burdensome rites <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',18,26);">1Ki 18:26</a>, etc.), on the high place (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',15,2);">Isa 15:2</a>), <i>and</i> shall come to his sanctuary (of the idol Chemosh on Mount Nebo) to pray, he shall not prevail"; he shall effect nothing by his prayers [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa16_13"><b>13. since that time</b>—rather, "respecting that time" [HORSLEY]. BARNES translates it, "<i>formerly</i>" in contrast to "but <i>now</i>" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',16,14);">Isa 16:14</a>): heretofore former prophecies (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',15,15);">Exd 15:15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Num',21,29);">Num 21:29</a>) have been given as to Moab, of which Isaiah has given the substance: <i>but now</i> a definite and steady <i>time</i> also is fixed.
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<p id="Isa16_14"><b>14. three years...hireling</b>—Just as a hireling has his fixed term of engagement, which neither he nor his master will allow to be added to or to be taken from, so the limit within which Moab is to fall is unalterably fixed (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',21,16);">Isa 21:16</a>). Fulfilled about the time when the Assyrians led Israel into captivity. The ruins of Elealeh, Heshbon, Medeba, Dibon, etc., still exist to confirm the inspiration of Scripture. The accurate <i>particularity of specification</i> of the places three thousand years ago, confirmed by modern research, is a strong testimony to the truth of prophecy.
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