167 lines
15 KiB
HTML
167 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<script src="../../../js/basepath.js"></script>
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li, p {line-height:150%;}
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<div class="head">Executable Outlines</div>
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<div class="subhead">Introduction to Matthew</div>
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<div class="main-just"><div class="pad30">
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">
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INTRODUCTION TO MATTHEW
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</div>
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<p>The book of Matthew has always occupied a position of high esteem in the faith and life of the church:</p>
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<blockquote><p><b>"When we turn to Matthew, we turn to the book which may well be called the most important single document of the Christian faith, for in it we have the fullest and the most systematic account of the life and the teachings of Jesus."</b> (William Barclay)</p></blockquote>
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<p>The writings of the early church fathers reveal that it was the most frequently quoted and perhaps the most widely read gospel during the first two centuries of the church's history.</p>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">AUTHOR</div>
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<p>The apostolic origin and canonical rank of the gospel of Matthew were accepted without a doubt by the early church (<b>ISBE</b>). Matthew, surnamed Levi, had been a tax-collector, one of Jesus' earliest disciples (<a id="si_1" onclick="return mV('Mat',9,9);">Mat 9:9</a>; <a id="si_2" onclick="return mV('Mar',2,14);">Mar 2:14</a>). He was chosen to be one of the twelve apostles (<a id="si_3" onclick="return mV('Mat',10,'2-3');">Mat 10:2-3</a>). A close associate of Jesus during His ministry, Matthew's gospel is a first hand account, unlike Luke who depended upon other eyewitnesses (<a id="si_4" onclick="return mV('Luk',1,'1-4');">Luk 1:1-4</a>).</p>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">DATE</div>
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<p>Irenaeus says it was written when Peter and Paul were preaching in Rome (<b>Against Heresies 3.1.1</b>). Eusebius states that this was done when Matthew left Palestine and went to preach to others (<b>Historia Ecclesiastica, III, 24</b>). Clement of Alexandria said that the presbyters who succeeded each other from the beginning declared that "the gospels containing the genealogies (Matthew and Luke) were written first" (<b>Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, VI, 14</b>). It is traditionally dated in the <b>late 50s or early 60s A.D.</b></p>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">THEME</div>
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<p>The gospel appears written to Jews, designed to prove that Jesus is the Messianic king of Old Testament (OT) prophecy. This is evidenced by Matthew's frequent appeal to OT Messianic prophecies. He quotes from almost every book in the OT, and twelve times he identifies OT prophecies as fulfilled in the life of Jesus (<a id="si_5" onclick="return mV('Mat',1,22);">Mat 1:22</a>; <a id="si_6" onclick="return mV('Mat',2,15);">Mat 2:15</a>, <a id="si_7" onclick="return mV('Mat',2,23);">23</a>; <a id="si_8" onclick="return mV('Mat',4,14);">4:14</a>; <a id="si_9" onclick="return mV('Mat',5,17);">5:17</a>; <a id="si_10" onclick="return mV('Mat',8,17);">8:17</a>; <a id="si_11" onclick="return mV('Mat',12,17);">12:17</a>; <a id="si_12" onclick="return mV('Mat',13,14);">13:14</a>, <a id="si_13" onclick="return mV('Mat',13,35);">35</a>; <a id="si_14" onclick="return mV('Mat',21,4);">21:4</a>; <a id="si_15" onclick="return mV('Mat',27,9);">27:9</a>). One could therefore say that the theme is:</p>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Jesus, the King of the Jews</div>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS</div>
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<p><b>It is a Jewish gospel.</b> We've noted its frequent appeal to OT prophecies. It's organization is mostly topical, as opposed to strictly chronological (a common style in Jewish literature). Thus it appears to have been written with a Jewish audience in mind.</p>
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<p><b>It is an ecclesiastical gospel.</b> It is the only gospel which mentions the word "church". It foretells its beginning (<a id="si_16" onclick="return mV('Mat',16,18);">Mat 16:18</a>), and describes some of the life in the church (<a id="si_17" onclick="return mV('Mat',18,'15-17');">Mat 18:15-17</a>). It contains lengthy discourses especially beneficial to those in the church, such as the sermon on the mount (<a id="si_18" onclick="return mV('Mat',5,'1-29');">Mat 5-7</a>), the many parables (<a id="si_19" onclick="return mV('Mat',13,'1-58');">Mat 13</a>), and the Olivet discourse (<a id="si_20" onclick="return mV('Mat',24,'1-46');">Mat 24-25</a>). It contains admonitions important to disciples of Christ, such as the importance of doing the Father's will (<a id="si_21" onclick="return mV('Mat',7,'21-23');">Mat 7:21-23</a>) and observing all that Jesus commanded (<a id="si_22" onclick="return mV('Mat',28,20);">Mat 28:20</a>). In other words, this was a gospel designed for use by those in the early church.</p>
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<p><b>It is an evangelistic gospel.</b> It is a preaching gospel, especially when compared with the apostles' preaching found in Acts. It expands upon the basic elements and points made in their sermons. Consider these themes in apostolic preaching:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>God's promises in the OT have been fulfilled - <a id="si_23" onclick="return mV('Act',3,18, 24);">Act 3:18, 24</a></li>
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<li>The long-awaited Messiah, born of David's line, has come - <a id="si_25" onclick="return mV('Act',13,23);">Act 13:23</a></li>
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<li>He is Jesus of Nazareth - <a id="si_26" onclick="return mV('Act',13,23);">Act 13:23</a></li>
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<li>He went about preaching and doing good through mighty works - <a id="si_27" onclick="return mV('Act',10,38);">Act 10:38</a></li>
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<li>He was crucified according to the promise and will of God - <a id="si_28" onclick="return mV('Act',2,'22-23');">Act 2:22-23</a></li>
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<li>He was raised from the dead, and exalted at God's right hand - <a id="si_29" onclick="return mV('Act',2,24);">Act 2:24</a>, <a id="si_30" onclick="return mV('Act',2,'32-33');">32-33</a></li>
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<li>He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead - <a id="si_31" onclick="return mV('Act',3,'20-21');">Act 3:20-21</a>; <a id="si_32" onclick="return mV('Act',17,'30-31');">Act 17:30-31</a></li>
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<li>Therefore, all should heed His message, repent, and be baptized - <a id="si_33" onclick="return mV('Act',2,'36-38');">Act 2:36-38</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>All of these points are expanded upon in the gospel of Matthew.</p>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">OUTLINE</div>
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<p><small>(adapted from The Wycliffe Bible Commentary)</small></p>
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<ol>
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<li><small><b>The birth and childhood of Jesus - <span class="noTag">Mat 1:1-2:23</span></b></small>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Genealogy of Christ - <a id="si_34" onclick="return mV('Mat',1,'1-17');">Mat 1:1-17</a></li>
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<li>Birth of Christ - <a id="si_35" onclick="return mV('Mat',1,'18-25');">Mat 1:18-25</a></li>
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<li>Visit of the Magi - <a id="si_36" onclick="return mV('Mat',2,'1-12');">Mat 2:1-12</a></li>
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<li>Flight into Egypt and massacre of the infants - <a id="si_37" onclick="return mV('Mat',2,'13-18');">Mat 2:13-18</a></li>
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<li>Residence at Nazareth - <a id="si_38" onclick="return mV('Mat',2,'19-23');">Mat 2:19-23</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The preparation for the ministry of Jesus - <span class="noTag">Mat 3:1-4:11</span></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>The forerunner of Christ - <a id="si_39" onclick="return mV('Mat',3,'1-12');">Mat 3:1-12</a></li>
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<li>Baptism of Christ - <a id="si_40" onclick="return mV('Mat',3,'13-17');">Mat 3:13-17</a></li>
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<li>Temptation of Christ - <a id="si_41" onclick="return mV('Mat',4,'1-11');">Mat 4:1-11</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The ministry of Jesus in Galilee - <span class="noTag">Mat 4:12-18:35</span></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Residence at Capernaum - <a id="si_42" onclick="return mV('Mat',4,'12-17');">Mat 4:12-17</a></li>
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<li>Call of four disciples - <a id="si_43" onclick="return mV('Mat',4,'18-22');">Mat 4:18-22</a></li>
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<li>General survey of the Galilean ministry - <a id="si_44" onclick="return mV('Mat',4,'23-25');">Mat 4:23-25</a></li>
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<li>Sermon on the mount - <a id="si_45" onclick="return mV('Mat',5,'1-29');">Mat 5:1-7:29</a></li>
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<li>Ten miracles and related events - <a id="si_46" onclick="return mV('Mat',8,'1-38');">Mat 8:1-9:38</a></li>
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<li>Mission of the twelve - <a id="si_47" onclick="return mV('Mat',10,'1-42');">Mat 10:1-42</a></li>
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<li>Christ's answer to John, and related discourse - <a id="si_48" onclick="return mV('Mat',11,'1-30');">Mat 11:1-30</a></li>
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<li>Opposition from the Pharisees - <a id="si_49" onclick="return mV('Mat',12,'1-50');">Mat 12:1-50</a></li>
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<li>A series of parables on the kingdom - <a id="si_50" onclick="return mV('Mat',13,'1-58');">Mat 13:1-58</a></li>
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<li>Withdrawal of Jesus following John's beheading - <a id="si_51" onclick="return mV('Mat',14,'1-36');">Mat 14:1-36</a></li>
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<li>Conflict with the Pharisees over tradition - <a id="si_52" onclick="return mV('Mat',15,'1-20');">Mat 15:1-20</a></li>
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<li>Withdrawal to Phoenecia and healing of a Canaanitish woman's daughter - <a id="si_53" onclick="return mV('Mat',15,'21-28');">Mat 15:21-28</a></li>
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<li>Return to the Sea of Galilee and performing of miracles - <a id="si_54" onclick="return mV('Mat',15,'29-38');">Mat 15:29-38</a></li>
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<li>Renewed conflict with the Pharisees and Sadducees - <a id="si_55" onclick="return mV('Mat',15,'39-4');">Mat 15:39-16:4</a></li>
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<li>Withdrawal to the region of Caesarea Philippi - <a id="si_56" onclick="return mV('Mat',16,'5-23');">Mat 16:5-17:23</a></li>
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<li>Instruction of the twelve at Capernaum - <a id="si_57" onclick="return mV('Mat',17,'24-35');">Mat 17:24-18:35</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The ministry of Jesus in Perea - <span class="noTag">Mat 19:1-20:16</span></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Teaching on divorce - <a id="si_58" onclick="return mV('Mat',19,'1-12');">Mat 19:1-12</a></li>
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<li>Blessing of the children - <a id="si_59" onclick="return mV('Mat',19,'13-15');">Mat 19:13-15</a></li>
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<li>Interview with the rich young man - <a id="si_60" onclick="return mV('Mat',19,'16-30');">Mat 19:16-30</a></li>
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<li>Parable of the laborers in the vineyard - <a id="si_61" onclick="return mV('Mat',20,'1-16');">Mat 20:1-16</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The ministry of Jesus in Judea - <a id="si_62" onclick="return mV('Mat',20,'17-34');">Mat 20:17-34</a></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Another prediction of Christ's death and resurrection - <a id="si_63" onclick="return mV('Mat',20,'17-19');">Mat 20:17-19</a></li>
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<li>Ambitious request of Zebedee's sons - <a id="si_64" onclick="return mV('Mat',20,'20-28');">Mat 20:20-28</a></li>
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<li>Healing of two blind men - <a id="si_65" onclick="return mV('Mat',20,'29-34');">Mat 20:29-34</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem - <span class="noTag">Mat 21:1-25:46</span></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Triumphal entry - <a id="si_66" onclick="return mV('Mat',21,'1-11');">Mat 21:1-11</a></li>
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<li>Cleansing the Temple - <a id="si_67" onclick="return mV('Mat',21,'12-17');">Mat 21:12-17</a></li>
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<li>Cursing of the barren fig tree - <a id="si_68" onclick="return mV('Mat',21,'18-22');">Mat 21:18-22</a></li>
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<li>Questioning of Jesus' authority and his parabolic answer - <a id="si_69" onclick="return mV('Mat',21,'23-14');">Mat 21:23-22:14</a></li>
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<li>Questioning of Jesus by various groups - <a id="si_70" onclick="return mV('Mat',22,'15-46');">Mat 22:15-46</a></li>
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<li>Jesus' public denunciation of the Pharisees - <a id="si_71" onclick="return mV('Mat',23,'1-39');">Mat 23:1-39</a></li>
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<li>Olivet Discourse - <a id="si_72" onclick="return mV('Mat',24,'1-46');">Mat 24:1-25:46</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The suffering of Jesus - <span class="noTag">Mat 26:1-27:66</span></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Plot against Jesus - <a id="si_73" onclick="return mV('Mat',26,'1-16');">Mat 26:1-16</a></li>
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<li>The final meal - <a id="si_74" onclick="return mV('Mat',26,'17-30');">Mat 26:17-30</a></li>
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<li>Prediction of Peter's denial - <a id="si_75" onclick="return mV('Mat',26,'31-35');">Mat 26:31-35</a></li>
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<li>Events in Gethsemane - <a id="si_76" onclick="return mV('Mat',26,'36-56');">Mat 26:36-56</a></li>
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<li>Events at the Jewish trials - <a id="si_77" onclick="return mV('Mat',26,'57-2');">Mat 26:57-27:2</a></li>
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<li>Remorse of Judas - <a id="si_78" onclick="return mV('Mat',27,'3-10');">Mat 27:3-10</a></li>
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<li>Events at the Roman trials - <a id="si_79" onclick="return mV('Mat',27,'11-31');">Mat 27:11-31</a></li>
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<li>The Crucifixion - <a id="si_80" onclick="return mV('Mat',27,'32-56');">Mat 27:32-56</a></li>
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<li>Burial - <a id="si_81" onclick="return mV('Mat',27,'32-56');">Mat 27:32-56</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li><b>The resurrection of Jesus - <a id="si_82" onclick="return mV('Mat',28,'1-20');">Mat 28:1-20</a></b>
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Discovery of the empty tomb - <a id="si_83" onclick="return mV('Mat',28,'1-8');">Mat 28:1-8</a></li>
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<li>Appearance of Jesus Christ - <a id="si_84" onclick="return mV('Mat',28,'9-10');">Mat 28:9-10</a></li>
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<li>Report of the soldiers - <a id="si_85" onclick="return mV('Mat',28,'11-15');">Mat 28:11-15</a></li>
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<li>The great commission - <a id="si_86" onclick="return mV('Mat',28,'16-20');">Mat 28:16-20</a></li>
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</ol></li>
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</ol>
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<div class="levI" style="color: 324395; font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
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</div>
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<ol>
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<li><b>Who authored the book of Matthew?</b>
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<ul><li>Matthew, also called Levi: an early disciple, and an apostle of Jesus Christ</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><b>Approximately when was the book written?</b>
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<ul><li>The late 50s or early 60s A.D.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><b>What has been suggested as the theme of Matthew's gospel?</b>
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<ul>
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<li>Jesus, the King of the Jews</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><b>What three characteristics of the gospel were noted in the introduction?</b>
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<ul>
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<li>It is a Jewish gospel</li>
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<li>It is an ecclesiastical gospel</li>
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<li>It is an evangelistic gospel</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><b>List the eight sections of the gospel as indicated in the outline</b>
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<ul>
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<li>The birth and childhood of Jesus</li>
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<li>The preparation for the ministry of Jesus</li>
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<li>The ministry of Jesus in Galilee</li>
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<li>The ministry of Jesus in Perea</li>
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<li>The ministry of Jesus in Judea</li>
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<li>The ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem</li>
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<li>The suffering of Jesus</li>
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<li>The resurrection of Jesus</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p style="font-size: 100%; margin-top: 25px; text-align: center">
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Executable Outlines, Copyright © Mark A. Copeland, 2003
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