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92 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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Title = 'The Book of the Prophet Isaiah';
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<p id="Chapter51" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br >CHAPTER 51
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<p id="Isa51_1"><a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,'1-23');">Isa 51:1-23</a>. ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE FAITHFUL REMNANT OF ISRAEL TO TRUST IN GOD FOR DELIVERANCE, BOTH FROM THEIR LONG BABYLONIAN EXILE, AND FROM THEIR PRESENT DISPERSION.
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<p><b>1. me</b>—the God of your fathers.
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<br><br><b>ye...follow after righteousness</b>—the godly portion of the nation; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,7);">Isa 51:7</a> shows this (<a onclick="return mV('Pro',15,9);">Pro 15:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ti',6,11);">1Ti 6:11</a>). "Ye follow righteousness," seek it therefore from Me, who "bring it near," and that a righteousness "not about to be abolished" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,6,7);">Isa 51:6-7</a>); look to Abraham, your father (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,2);">Isa 51:2</a>), as a sample of how righteousness before Me is to be obtained; I, the same God who blessed him, will bless you at last (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,3);">Isa 51:3</a>); therefore trust in Me, and fear not man's opposition (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,7,8,12,13);">Isa 51:7-8, 12-13</a>). The mistake of the Jews, heretofore, has been, not in that they "followed after righteousness," but in that they followed it "by the works of the law," instead of "by faith," as Abraham did (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',9,31,32);">Rom 9:31-32</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',10,3,4);">10:3-4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',4,'2-5');">4:2-5</a>).
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<br><br><b>hole of...pit</b>—The idea is not, as it is often quoted, the inculcation of humility, by reminding men of the fallen state from which they have been taken, but that as Abraham, the <i>quarry,</i> as it were (compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',48,1);">Isa 48:1</a>), whence their nation was hewn, had been called out of a strange land to the inheritance of Canaan, and blessed by God, the same God is able to deliver and restore them also (compare <a onclick="return mV('Mat',3,9);">Mat 3:9</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_2"><b>2. alone</b>—translate, "I called him when he was but one" (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',33,24);">Eze 33:24</a>). The argument is: the same God who had so blessed "one" individual, as to become a mighty nation (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',12,1);">Gen 12:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gen',22,7);">22:7</a>), can also increase and bless the small remnant of Israel, both that left in the Babylonish captivity, and that left in the present and latter days (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',14,2);">Zec 14:2</a>); "the residue" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',13,8,9);">Isa 13:8-9</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_3"><b>3. For</b>—See for the argument, see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa051.html#Isa51_2">Isa 51:2</a>.
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<br><br><b>the garden of the Lord</b>—restoration of the primeval paradise (<a onclick="return mV('Gen',2,8);">Gen 2:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,13);">Eze 28:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',2,7);">Rev 2:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>melody</b>—<i>Hebrew,</i> "psalm." God's praises shall again be heard.
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<p id="Isa51_4"><b>4. my people</b>—the Jews. This reading is better than that of GESENIUS: "O peoples...nations," namely, the Gentiles. The Jews are called on to hear and rejoice in the extension of the true religion to the nations; for, at the first preaching of the Gospel, as in the final age to come, it was <i>from Jerusalem</i> that the gospel law was, and is, to go forth (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,3);">Isa 2:3</a>).
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<br><br><b>law...judgment</b>—the gospel dispensation and institutions (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,1);">Isa 42:1</a>, "judgment").
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<br><br><b>make...to rest</b>—establish firmly; found.
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<br><br><b>light,</b> etc.— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,6);">Isa 42:6</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_5"><b>5. righteousness...near</b>—that is, faithful fulfilment of the promised deliverance, answering to "salvation" in the parallel clause (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',46,13);">Isa 46:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',56,1);">56:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rom',10,8,9);">Rom 10:8-9</a>). Ye follow after "righteousness"; seek it therefore, from Me, and you will not have far to go for it (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,1);">Isa 51:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>arms</b>—put for Himself; <i>I by My might.</i>
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<br><br><b>judge</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',2,3,4);">Isa 2:3-4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',98,9);">Psa 98:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>isles,</b> etc.— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,9);">Isa 60:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>arm</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Rom',1,16);">Rom 1:16</a>), "the power of God unto (the Gentiles as well as the Jews) salvation."
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<p id="Isa51_6"><b>6.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,6,8);">Isa 40:6, 8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',102,26);">Psa 102:26</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Hbr',1,11,12);">Hbr 1:11-12</a>).
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<br><br><b>vanish away</b>—literally, "shall be torn asunder," as a <i>garment</i> [MAURER]; which accords with the context.
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<br><br><b>in like manner</b>—But GESENIUS, "Like a gnat"; like the smallest and vilest insect. JEROME translates, as <i>English Version,</i> and infers that "in like manner" as man, the heavens (that is, the sky) and earth are not to be annihilated, but changed for the better (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,17);">Isa 65:17</a>).
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<br><br><b>righteousness</b>—My faithfully fulfilled promise (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa051.html#Isa51_5">Isa 51:5</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_7"><b>7. know righteousness</b>—(See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa051.html#Isa51_1">Isa 51:1</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_8"><b>8.</b> (See on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa050.html#Isa50_9">Isa 50:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Job',4,'18-20');">Job 4:18-20</a>). Not that the <i>moth eats men up,</i> but they shall be destroyed by as insignificant instrumentality as the moth that eats a garment.
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<p id="Isa51_9"><b>9.</b> Impassioned prayer of the exiled Jews.
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<br><br><b>ancient days</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',44,1);">Psa 44:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>Rahab</b>—poetical name for Egypt (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa030.html#Isa30_7">Isa 30:7</a>).
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<br><br><b>dragon</b>—<i>Hebrew, tannin.</i> The crocodile, an emblem of Egypt, as represented on coins struck after the conquest of Egypt by Augustus; or rather here, "its king," Pharaoh (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa027.html#Isa27_1">Isa 27:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',74,13,14);">Psa 74:13-14</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',32,2);">Eze 32:2</a>, <i>Margin;</i> <a onclick="return mV('Eze',29,3);">Eze 29:3</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_10"><b>10. it</b>—the arm.
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<br><br><b>Art not Thou the same Almighty power that...? dried the sea</b>—the Red Sea (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',43,16);">Isa 43:16</a> <a onclick="return mV('Exd',14,21);">Exd 14:21</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_11"><b>11.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',35,10);">Isa 35:10</a>).
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<br><br><b>Therefore</b>—assurance of faith; or else the answer of Jehovah corresponding to their prayer. As surely as God redeemed Israel out of Egypt, He shall redeem them from Babylon, both the literal in the age following, and mystical in the last ages (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',18,20,21);">Rev 18:20-21</a>). There shall be a second exodus (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,'11-16');">Isa 11:11-16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',27,12,13);">27:12-13</a>).
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<br><br><b>singing</b>—image from the custom of singing on a journey when a caravan is passing along the extended plains in the East.
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<br><br><b>everlasting joy</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Jud',1,24);">Jude 1:24</a>).
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<br><br><b>sorrow...flee away</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Rev',21,4);">Rev 21:4</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_12"><b>12. comforteth</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,3);">Isa 51:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,1);">Isa 40:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>thou</b>—Zion.
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<br><br><b>son of man</b>—frail and dying as his <i>parent Adam.</i>
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<br><br><b>be made as grass</b>—wither as grass (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,6,7);">Isa 40:6-7</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_13"><b>13.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',40,12, 26, 28);">Isa 40:12, 26, 28</a>), the same argument of comfort drawn from the omnipotence of the Creator.
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<br><br><b>as if...ready,</b> etc.—literally, "when he directs," namely, his arrow, to destroy (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',21,12);">Psa 21:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',7,13);">7:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',11,2);">11:2</a>) [MAURER].
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<p id="Isa51_14"><b>14. captive exile</b>—literally, one <i>bowed down</i> as a captive (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',10,4);">Isa 10:4</a>) [MAURER]. The scene is primarily Babylon, and the time near the close of the captivity. Secondarily, and antitypically, the mystical Babylon, the last enemy of Israel and the Church, in which they have long suffered, but from which they are to be gloriously delivered.
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<br><br><b>pit</b>—such as were many of the ancient dungeons (compare <a onclick="return mV('Jer',38,6,11,13);">Jer 38:6, 11, 13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gen',37,20);">Gen 37:20</a>).
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<br><br><b>nor...bread...fail</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',33,16);">Isa 33:16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',37,21);">Jer 37:21</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_15"><b>15. divided...sea</b>—the Red Sea. The same <i>Hebrew</i> word as "make to rest" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,4);">Isa 51:4</a>). Rather, "that terrify the sea," that is, restrain it by My rebuke, "when its waves roar" [GESENIUS]. The <i>Hebrew</i> favors MAURER, "that terrify the sea so that the waves roar." The sense favors GESENIUS (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',5,22);">Jer 5:22</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',31,35);">31:35</a>), or <i>English Version</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,9,10);">Isa 51:9-10</a>, which favors the special reference to the exodus from Egypt).
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<p id="Isa51_16"><b>16.</b> Addressed to Israel, embodied in "the servant of Jehovah" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',42,1);">Isa 42:1</a>), Messiah, its ideal and representative Head, through whom the elect remnant is to be restored.
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<br><br><b>put my words in thy mouth</b>—true of Israel, the depository of true religion, but fully realized only in Israel's Head and antitype, Messiah (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,2);">Isa 49:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',50,4,5);">50:4-5</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',59,21);">59:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',18,18);">Deu 18:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jhn',3,34);">Jhn 3:34</a>).
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<br><br><b>covered...in...shadow of...hand</b>—protected thee (see on JFB for <a href="./Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa049.html#Isa49_2">Isa 49:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>plant</b>—rather, "fix" as a tabernacle; so it ought to be rendered (<a onclick="return mV('Dan',11,45);">Dan 11:45</a>). The "new creation," now going on in the spiritual world by the Gospel (<a onclick="return mV('Eph',2,10);">Eph 2:10</a>), and hereafter to be extended to the visible world, is meant (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,17);">Isa 65:17</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',66,22);">66:22</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',13,13);">Isa 13:13</a>; <a onclick="return mV('2Pe',3,'10-13');">2Pe 3:10-13</a>).
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<br><br><b>Zion</b>—Its restoration is a leading part in the new creation to come (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',65,17,19);">Isa 65:17, 19</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_17"><b>17. Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem,</b> etc.— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',52,1);">Isa 52:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>drunk</b>—Jehovah's wrath is compared to an intoxicating draught because it confounds the sufferer under it, and makes him fall (<a onclick="return mV('Job',21,20);">Job 21:20</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',60,3);">Psa 60:3</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',75,8);">75:8</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',25,15,16);">Jer 25:15-16</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',49,12);">49:12</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,2);">Zec 12:2</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Rev',14,10);">Rev 14:10</a>); ("poured out without mixture"; rather, "the pure wine juice mixed with intoxicating drugs").
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<br><br><b>of trembling</b>—which produced trembling or intoxication.
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<br><br><b>wrung...out</b>—drained the last drop out; the dregs were the sediments from various substances, as honey, dates, and drugs, put into the wine to increase the strength and sweetness.
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<p id="Isa51_18"><b>18.</b> Following up the image in <a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,17);">Isa 51:17</a>, intoxicated and confused by the cup of God's anger, she has none to guide her in her helpless state; she has not yet awakened out of the sleep caused by that draught. This cannot apply to the Babylonish captivity; for in it they had Ezekiel and Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah, as "guides," and soon awoke out of that sleep; but it applies to the Jews now, and will be still more applicable in their coming oppression by Antichrist.
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<p id="Isa51_19"><b>19. two</b>—classes of evils, for he enumerates <i>four,</i> namely, <i>desolation</i> and <i>destruction</i> to the land and state; <i>famine</i> and <i>the sword</i> to the people.
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<br><br><b>who shall be sorry for thee</b>—so as to give thee effectual relief: as the parallel clause, "By whom shall I comfort thee?" shows (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,'11-13');">Lam 2:11-13</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_20"><b>20. head of all...streets</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,19);">Lam 2:19</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Lam',4,1);">4:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>wild bull</b>—rather, "oryx" [JEROME], or gazelle [GESENIUS], or wild goat [BOCHART]; commonly in the East taken in a net, of a wide sweep, into which the beasts were hunted together. The streets of cities in the East often have gates, which are closed at night; a person wishing to escape would be stopped by them and caught, as a wild animal in a net.
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<p id="Isa51_21"><b>21. drunken...not with wine</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',29,9);">Isa 29:9</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Isa',51,17,20);">Isa 51:17, 20</a>, here; <a onclick="return mV('Lam',3,15);">Lam 3:15</a>).
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<p id="Isa51_22"><b>22. pleadeth...cause</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',35,1);">Psa 35:1</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',50,34);">Jer 50:34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mic',7,9);">Mic 7:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>no more drink it</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',54,'7-9');">Isa 54:7-9</a>). This cannot apply to Israel after the return from Babylon, but only to them after their final restoration.
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<p id="Isa51_23"><b>23.</b> (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,26);">Isa 49:26</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',25,'15-29');">Jer 25:15-29</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Zec',12,2);">Zec 12:2</a>).
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<br><br><b>Bow down that...go over</b>—Conquerors often literally trod on the necks of conquered kings, as Sapor of Persia did to the Roman emperor Valerian (<a onclick="return mV('Jos',10,24);">Jos 10:24</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',18,40);">Psa 18:40</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Psa',66,11,12);">66:11-12</a>).
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