63 lines
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63 lines
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<title>Blue Letter Bible: Text Commentaries</title>
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PriorBook = 'Daniel';
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PriorBookURL = './Comm/jfb/Dan/Dan000.html';
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PriorChapter = 'Hosea 10';
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NextBook = 'Joel';
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NextBookURL = './Comm/jfb/Joe/Joe000.html';
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NextChapter = 'Hosea 12';
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Title = 'The Book of Hosea';
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SubTitle1 = 'Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET';
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SubTitle3 = 'CHAPTER 11';
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Author = ' Jamieson, Fausset & Brown';
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authorCite = 'Robert Jamieson; A.R. Fausset; and David Brown';
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<p id="Chapter11" align="center">Commentary by A. R. FAUSSET<br>CHAPTER 11
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<p id="Ho11_1"><a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,'1-12');">Hsa 11:1-12</a>. GOD'S FORMER BENEFITS, AND ISRAEL'S
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INGRATITUDE RESULTING IN PUNISHMENT, YET JEHOVAH PROMISES RESTORATION AT LAST.
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<p><a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,5);">Hsa 11:5</a> shows this prophecy was uttered after the league made with Egypt (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',17,4);">2Ki 17:4</a>).
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<p><b>1. Israel...called my son out of Egypt</b>—BENGEL translates, "<i>From</i> the time that he (Israel) was <i>in</i> Egypt, I called him My son," which the parallelism proves. So <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',12,9);">Hsa 12:9</a> use "from...Egypt," for "from the time that thou didst sojourn <i>in</i> Egypt." <a onclick="return mV('Exd',4,22);">Exd 4:22</a> also shows that Israel was called by God, "My son," from the time of his Egyptian sojourn (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',43,1);">Isa 43:1</a>). God is always said to have <i>led</i> or <i>brought forth,</i> not to have "called," Israel from Egypt. <a href= "#" onclick="return mV('Mat',2,15);">Mat 2:15</a>, therefore, in quoting this prophecy (typically and primarily referring to Israel, antitypically and fully to Messiah), applies it to Jesus' sojourn <i>in</i> Egypt, not His return <i>from</i> it. Even from His infancy, partly spent in Egypt, God called Him His son. God included Messiah, and Israel for Messiah's sake, in one common love, and therefore in one common prophecy. Messiah's people and Himself are one, as the Head and the body. <a onclick="return mV('Isa',49,3);">Isa 49:3</a> calls Him "Israel." The same general reason, danger of extinction, caused the infant Jesus, and Israel in its national infancy (compare <a onclick="return mV('Gen',42,'1-');">Gen 42:1 - 43:34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gen',45,18);">45:18</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Gen',46,3,4);">46:3-4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Eze',16,'4-6');">Eze 16:4-6</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',31,20);">Jer 31:20</a>) to sojourn in Egypt. So He, and His spiritual Israel, are already called "God's sons" while yet in the Egypt of the world.
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<p id="Ho11_2"><b>2. As they called them</b>—"they," namely, monitors sent by Me. "Called," in <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,1);">Hsa 11:1</a>, suggests the idea of the many subsequent calls by the prophets.
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<br><br><b>went from them</b>—turned away in contempt (<a onclick="return mV('Jer',2,27);">Jer 2:27</a>).
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<br><br><b>Baalim</b>—images of Baal, set up in various places.
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<p id="Ho11_3"><b>3. taught...to go</b>—literally "to use his feet." Compare a similar image, <a onclick="return mV('Deu',1,31);">Deu 1:31</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu',8,2,5,15);">8:2, 5, 15</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Deu', 32,10,11);">32:10-11</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Neh',9,21);">Neh 9:21</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Isa',63,9);">Isa 63:9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Amo',2,10);">Amo 2:10</a>. God bore them as a parent does an infant, unable to supply itself, so that it has no anxiety about food, raiment, and its going forth. <a onclick="return mV('Act',13,18);">Act 13:18</a>, which probably refers to this passage of Hosea; He took them by the arms, to guide them that they might not stray, and to hold them up that they might not stumble.
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<br><br><b>knew not that I healed them</b>—that is, that My design was to restore them spiritually and temporally (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',15,26);">Exd 15:26</a>).
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<p id="Ho11_4"><b>4. cords of a man</b>—parallel to "bands of love"; not such cords as oxen are led by, but <i>humane methods,</i> such as men employ when inducing others, as for instance, a father drawing his child, by leading-strings, teaching him to go (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,1);">Hsa 11:1</a>).
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<br><br><b>I was...as they that take off the yoke on their jaws ...I laid meat</b>—as the humane husbandman occasionally loosens the straps under the jaws by which the yoke is bound on the neck of oxen and lays food before them to eat. An appropriate image of God's deliverance of Israel from the Egyptian yoke, and of His feeding them in the wilderness.
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<p id="Ho11_5"><b>5. He shall not return into...Egypt</b>—namely, to seek help against Assyria (compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',7,11);">Hsa 7:11</a>), as Israel lately had done (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',17,4);">2Ki 17:4</a>), after having revolted from Assyria, to whom they had been tributary from the times of Menahem (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',15,19);">2Ki 15:19</a>). In a <i>figurative</i> sense, "he <i>shall</i> return to Egypt" (<a href= "#" onclick="return mV('Hsa',9,3);">Hsa 9:3</a>), that is, to Egypt-like bondage; also many Jewish fugitives were literally to <i>return</i> to Egypt, when the Holy Land was to be in Assyrian and Chaldean hands.
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<br><br><b>Assyrian shall be his king</b>—instead of having kings of their own, and Egypt as their auxiliary.
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<br><br><b>because they refused to return</b>—just retribution. They would not return (spiritually) to God, therefore they shall not return (corporally) to Egypt, the object of their desire.
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<p id="Ho11_6"><b>6. abide</b>—or, "fall upon" [CALVIN].
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<br><br><b>branches</b>—villages, which are the branches or dependencies of the cities [CALVIN]. GROTIUS translates, "his bars" (so <a onclick="return mV('Lam',2,9);">Lam 2:9</a>), that is, the warriors who were the bulwarks of the state. Compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',4,18);">Hsa 4:18</a>, "rulers" (<i>Margin</i>), "shields" (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',47,9);">Psa 47:9</a>).
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<br><br><b>because of their own counsels</b>—in worshipping idols, and relying on Egypt (compare <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',10,6);">Hsa 10:6</a>).
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<p id="Ho11_7"><b>7. bent to backsliding</b>—Not only do they <i>backslide,</i> and that too <i>from</i> ME, their "chief good," but they are <i>bent upon it.</i> Though they (the prophets) called them (the Israelites) to the Most High (from their idols), "none would exalt (that is, extol or honor) Him." To exalt God, they must cease to be "<i>bent on</i> backsliding," and <i>must</i> lift themselves upwards.
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<p id="Ho11_8"><b>8. as Admah...Zeboim</b>—among the cities, including Sodom and Gomorrah, irretrievably overthrown (<a onclick="return mV('Deu',29,23);">Deu 29:23</a>).
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<br><br><b>heart is turned within me</b>—with the deepest compassion, so as not to execute My threat (<a onclick="return mV('Lam',1,20);">Lam 1:20</a>; compare <a onclick="return mV('Gen',43,30);">Gen 43:30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('1Ki',3,26);">1Ki 3:26</a>). So the phrase is used of a new turn given to the feeling (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',105,25);">Psa 105:25</a>).
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<br><br><b>repentings</b>—God speaks according to <i>human</i> modes of thought (<a onclick="return mV('Num',23,19);">Num 23:19</a>). God's <i>seeming</i> change is in accordance with His secret everlasting purpose of love to His people, to magnify His grace after their desperate rebellion.
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<p id="Ho11_9"><b>9. I will not return to destroy Ephraim</b>—that is I will no more, as in past times, destroy Ephraim. The destruction primarily meant is probably that by Tiglath-pileser, who, as the Jewish king Ahaz' ally against Pekah of Israel and Rezin of Syria, deprived Israel of Gilead, Galilee, and Naphtali (<a onclick="return mV('2Ki',15,29);">2Ki 15:29</a>). The ulterior reference is to the long dispersion hereafter, to be ended by God's covenant mercy restoring His people, not for their merits, but of His grace.
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<br><br><b>God,...not man</b>—not dealing as man would, with implacable wrath under awful provocation (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',55,'7-9');">Isa 55:7-9</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Mal',3,6);">Mal 3:6</a>). I do not, like man, change when once I have made a covenant of everlasting love, as with Israel (<a onclick="return mV('Num',23,19);">Num 23:19</a>). We measure God by the human standard, and hence are slow to credit fully His promises; these, however, belong to the faithful remnant, not to the obstinately impenitent.
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<br><br><b>in the midst of thee</b>—as peculiarly thy God (<a onclick="return mV('Exd',19,5,6);">Exd 19:5-6</a>).
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<br><br><b>not enter into the city</b>—as an enemy: as I entered Admah, Zeboim, and Sodom, utterly destroying them, whereas I will not utterly destroy thee. Somewhat similarly JEROME: "I am <i>not one such as human dwellers in a city,</i> who take cruel vengeance; I save those whom I correct." Thus "not man," and "in the midst of thee," are parallel to "into the city." Though I am in the midst of thee, it is not as man entering a rebellious city to destroy utterly. MAURER needlessly translates, "I will not come <i>in wrath.</i>"
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<p id="Ho11_10"><b>10. he shall roar like a lion</b>—by awful judgments on their foes (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',31,4);">Isa 31:4</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jer',25,'26-30');">Jer 25:26-30</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Joe',3,16);">Joe 3:16</a>), calling His dispersed "children" from the various lands of their dispersion.
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<br><br><b>shall tremble</b>—shall flock in eager agitation of haste.
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<br><br><b>from the west</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Zec',8,7);">Zec 8:7</a>). Literally, "the sea." Probably the Mediterranean, including its "isles of the sea," and maritime coast. Thus as <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',11,11);">Hsa 11:11</a> specifies regions of Africa and Asia, so here Europe. <a onclick="return mV('Isa',11,'11-16');">Isa 11:11-16</a>, is parallel, referring to the very same regions. On "children," see <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',1,10);">Hsa 1:10</a>.
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<p id="Ho11_11"><b>11. tremble</b>—flutter in haste.
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<br><br><b>dove</b>—no longer "a silly dove" (<a onclick="return mV('Hsa',7,11);">Hsa 7:11</a>), but as "doves flying to their windows" (<a onclick="return mV('Isa',60,8);">Isa 60:8</a>).
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<br><br><b>in their houses</b>— (<a onclick="return mV('Eze',28,26);">Eze 28:26</a>). Literally, "upon," for the Orientals live almost as much <i>upon</i> their flat-roofed houses as <i>in</i> them.
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<p id="Ho11_12"><b>12.</b> MAURER joins this verse with the twelfth chapter. But as this verse praises Judah, whereas <a onclick="return mV('Hsa',12,2);">Hsa 12:2</a> censures him, it must belong rather to the eleventh chapter and a new prophecy begins at the twelfth chapter. To avoid this, MAURER translates this verse as a censure, "Judah wanders with God," that is, though having the true God, he wanders after false gods.
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<br><br><b>ruleth with God</b>—to serve God is to reign. Ephraim wished to rule <i>without God</i> (compare <a onclick="return mV('1Cr',4,8);">1Cr 4:8</a>); nay, even, in order to rule, cast off God's worship [RIVETUS]. In Judah was the legitimate succession of kings and priests.
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<br><br><b>with the saints</b>—the holy priests and Levites [RIVETUS]. With the fathers and prophets who handed down the pure worship of God. Israel's apostasy is the more culpable, as he had before him the good example of Judah, which he set at naught. The parallelism ("with GOD") favors <i>Margin,</i> "With THE MOST HOLY ONE."
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