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<h2><a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'1-');">2Sa 22</a> - David's Psalm of Praise</h2>
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<p>A. Part One: Praise, Deliverance, and the Reason for Deliverance.</p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,1);">1</a>) Introduction to the psalm.</p>
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<p class="c2">Then David spoke to the <span class="c6">Lord</span> the words of this song, on the day when the <span class="c6">Lord</span> had delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Then David spoke to the <span class="c6">Lord</span> the words of this song</span></b>: For many reasons, most commentators assume that this was a psalm David wrote and sung many years before and is inserted at the end of 2 Samuel out of its chronological place. This is possible, but not necessary.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "The psalm appears almost as David's final words. Hence, it is a summary thanksgiving for God's many deliverances of him through his long life of service." (Boice)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">The words of this song</span></b>: With minor variations, this psalm is the same as <a onclick="return mV('Psa',18,'1-');">Psa 18</a>. It is likely that David composed this song as a younger man - perhaps when Saul died and he first took the throne, as described in <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',8,14);">2Sa 8:14</a>, when David had subdued all his enemies, <i>and the Lord preserved David wherever he went</i>. Yet in his old age David could look back with great gratitude and sing this song <i>again</i>, looking at his whole life.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. This psalm is a great summary of David's whole character and attitude through life. "Such convictions - of the absolute sovereignty of Jehovah, of His omnipotent power to deliver, of the necessity for obedience to His law, and of assurance that in the case of such obedience He ever acts for His people - constituted the underlying strength of David's character." (Morgan)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "We have another form of this Psalm with significant variations...and this suggests the idea that it was sung by David at different times when he reviewed his own remarkable history, and observed the gracious hand of God in it all." (Spurgeon)</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'2-4');">2-4</a>) David praises the God of his deliverance.</p>
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<p class="c2">And he said: The <span class="c6">Lord</span> <i>is </i>my rock and my fortress and my deliverer;<br>The God of my strength, in whom I will trust;<br>My shield and the horn of my salvation,<br>My stronghold and my refuge;<br>My Savior, You save me from violence.<br>I will call upon the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, <i>who is worthy </i>to be praised;<br>So shall I be saved from my enemies.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">My rock and my fortress and my deliverer</span></b>: David piles title upon title in praising God. God's work for David is so big and comprehensive that it can't be contained in one title.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "In the opening sentence, which we have emphasized, the sense of truth is reinforced by the final words, '<i>even mine</i>.' By them the singer revealed the fact that all he celebrated in son was more than theory, it was experience." (Morgan)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. David <i>experienced</i> the <span class="c6">Lord</span>'s deliverance:</p><ul class="c6"><li>God delivered David from Goliath</li><li>God delivered David from Saul</li><li>God delivered David from backsliding</li><li>God delivered David from Israel's enemies</li><li>God delivered David from Absalom</li><li>God delivered David from David's own sinful passions</li></ul>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">In whom I will trust</span></b>: When we see God for who He is, it is easy to <b><span class="c3">trust</span></b> Him. When we know He is our <b><span class="c3">rock</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">fortress</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">deliverer</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">shield</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">stronghold</span></b> and <b><span class="c3">Savior</span></b>, it is natural to then <b><span class="c3">trust</span></b> Him completely.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Faith does not completely depend on knowledge, but the right knowledge of God gives great strength to faith.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">My Savior, You save me</span></b>: Each title is meaningful to David because God has fulfilled the meaning of the title in David's experience. This isn't a list of the names of God one might find in a systematic theology; this is the knowledge of God combined with the right experience of God.</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">I will call upon the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, who is worthy to be praised</span></b>: "It is well to pray to God as to one who deserves to be praised, for then we plead in a happy and confident manner. If I feel that I can and do bless the Lord for all his past goodness, I am bold to ask great things of him." (Spurgeon)</p>
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<p class="c1">3. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'5-20');">5-20</a>) David's deliverance comes from God.</p>
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<p class="c2">When the waves of death surrounded me, <br>The floods of ungodliness made me afraid.<br>The sorrows of Sheol surrounded me; <br>The snares of death confronted me.<br>In my distress I called upon the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, <br>And cried out to my God; <br>He heard my voice from His temple, <br>And my cry <i>entered </i>His ears.<br>Then the earth shook and trembled; <br>The foundations of heaven quaked and were shaken, <br>Because He was angry.<br>Smoke went up from His nostrils, <br>And devouring fire from His mouth; <br>Coals were kindled by it.<br>He bowed the heavens also, and came down <br>With darkness under His feet.<br>He rode upon a cherub, and flew; <br>And He was seen upon the wings of the wind.<br>He made darkness canopies around Him, <br>Dark waters <i>and </i>thick clouds of the skies.<br>From the brightness before Him <br>Coals of fire were kindled.<br>The <span class="c6">Lord</span> thundered from heaven, <br>And the Most High uttered His voice.<br>He sent out arrows and scattered them; <br>Lightning bolts, and He vanquished them.<br>Then the channels of the sea were seen, <br>The foundations of the world were uncovered, <br>At the rebuke of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, <br>At the blast of the breath of His nostrils.<br>He sent from above, He took me, <br>He drew me out of many waters.<br>He delivered me from my strong enemy, <br>From those who hated me; <br>For they were too strong for me.<br>They confronted me in the day of my calamity, <br>But the <span class="c6">Lord</span> was my support.<br>He also brought me out into a broad place; <br>He delivered me because He delighted in me.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">Waves...floods...sorrows...snares</span></b>: Danger surrounds David on every side - physically, spiritually, emotionally, socially - David was on the brink of ruin when he cried out to God.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">In my distress I called upon the <span class="c6">Lord</span></span></b>: The enemy of our soul wants us to believe that we can't call upon the <span class="c6">Lord</span> in our <b><span class="c3">distress</span></b> - as if we have to be right with God and sitting peacefully in a prayer chapel to pray rightly. David knew that God hears our <b><span class="c3">distress</span></b> signals.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">He heard my voice</span></b>: For David it was that simple. He cried out to God, and God <b><span class="c3">heard</span></b>. David also knew that God could not <i>hear</i> the distress of His people without taking action on their behalf.</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">Then the earth shook</span></b>: God was so concerned about David's problem that it seemed to David as if He shook the earth to meet his need.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "What is most impressive...is the magnificent way the psalmist describes God rising from his throne in heaven in response to his servant's cry, parting the clouds, and descending to fight the king's battles accompanied by earthquakes, thunder, storms, and lightning." (Boice)</p>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">He rode upon a cherub, and flew</span></b>: David pictures the <span class="c6">Lord</span> coming to meet his need, coming with glory and speed. He came so fast to David that it seemed that God traveled <b><span class="c3">upon the wings of the wind</span></b>.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "In the <i>original</i> of this sublime passage, <i>sense</i> and <i>sound</i> are astonishingly well connected...The <i>clap</i> of the <i>wing</i>, the <i>agitation</i> and <i>rush</i> through the air are expressed here in a very extraordinary manner." (Clarke)</p>
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<p class="c4">f. <b><span class="c3">The Most High uttered His voice</span></b>: When God came He spoke up on David's behalf, commanding all creation to respond to His passionate desire to deliver His child.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. All this is a reflection of David's confidence in the love of God. David sees a God so loving that he won't tolerate the distress of His beloved. When things aren't right for His beloved all creation will see His passion and urgency to meet the need of His beloved.</p>
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<p class="c4">g. <b><span class="c3">He took me...He drew me...He delivered me</span></b>: David saw God apply all that majesty and strength to the meeting of his need.</p>
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<p class="c4">h. <b><span class="c3">They were too strong for me...the <span class="c6">Lord</span> was my support</span></b>: David knew that the victory was due to God's hand, not due to his own ingenuity or ability. Without the <span class="c6">Lord</span> for <b><span class="c3">support</span></b> David would fall.</p>
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<p class="c4">i. <b><span class="c3">He delivered me because He delighted in me</span></b>: David had a sense of God's <i>delight</i> in him. His plea for deliverance was rooted in relationship, not merely in a desire to survive.</p>
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<p class="c1">4. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'21-25');">21-25</a>) Why God delivered David.</p>
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<p class="c2">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> rewarded me according to my righteousness; <br>According to the cleanness of my hands He has recompensed me.<br>For I have kept the ways of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, <br>And have not wickedly departed from my God.<br>For all His judgments <i>were </i>before me; <br>And <i>as for </i>His statutes, I did not depart from them.<br>I was also blameless before Him, <br>And I kept myself from my iniquity.<br>Therefore the <span class="c6">Lord</span> has recompensed me according to my righteousness, <br>According to my cleanness in His eyes.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">According to the cleanness of my hands</span></b>: These words are one reason why many believe David could only sing this psalm <i>before</i> his sin with Bathsheba. Yet the text seems to indicate that David sang this towards the <i>end</i> of his days (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,1);">2Sa 22:1</a>). </p>
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<p class="c5">i. We might say that David simply believed what the Prophet Nathan told him in <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',12,13);">2Sa 12:13</a>: <i>The <span class="c6">Lord</span> also has put away your sin</i>. David knew he was a forgiven man, and that the <b><span class="c3">cleanness of</span></b> his <b><span class="c3">hands</span></b> was because they were cleansed by God, not because they had never been dirtied.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. "If we were to remind David of his sin with Bathsheba, he would claim it as an illustration and a proof of this principle since he suffered in a variety of ways as a consequence of that great sin. But even though that happened, just as similar transgressions are committed by us all, on the whole he was nevertheless a man after God's own heart and was greatly blessed by God." (Boice)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">I have kept the ways of the <span class="c6">Lord</span>...I was also blameless before Him</span></b>: David isn't claiming sinless perfection. He speaks of his general righteousness and of his righteousness as it contrasts with the wickedness of his enemies.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "Before God the man after God's own heart was a humble sinner, but before his slanderers he could with unblushing face speak of the '<i>cleanness of his hands</i>' and the righteousness of his life." (Spurgeon)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. We can come to God in prayer with the same claim, but not on the basis of our own righteousness, but the righteousness we have <i>received</i> Jesus (<a onclick="return mV('1Cr',1,30);">1Cr 1:30</a> and <a onclick="return mV('2Cr',5,21);">2Cr 5:21</a>).</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">I kept myself from my iniquity</span></b>: Some think this is arrogance or pride on David's part. Spurgeon quotes one commentator who wrote, "Kept himself! Who made man his own keeper?" Yet we know there is certainly a sense in which we must keep ourselves from sin, even as Paul spoke of a man cleansing himself for God's glory and for greater service (<a onclick="return mV('2Ti',2,21);">2Ti 2:21</a>).</p>
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<p>B. Part Two: the Reason for Deliverance, Deliverance, and Praise.</p>
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<p class="c1">1. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'26-30');">26-30</a>) Why God delivered David.</p>
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<p class="c2">With the merciful You will show Yourself merciful; <br>With a blameless man You will show Yourself blameless;<br>With the pure You will show Yourself pure; <br>And with the devious You will show Yourself shrewd.<br>You will save the humble people; <br>But Your eyes <i>are </i>on the haughty, <i>that </i>You may bring <i>them </i>down.<br>For You <i>are </i>my lamp, O <span class="c6">Lord</span>; <br>The <span class="c6">Lord</span> shall enlighten my darkness.<br>For by You I can run against a troop; <br>By my God I can leap over a wall.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">With the merciful You will show Yourself merciful</span></b>: Jesus discussed this principle in the sermon on the mount but from the perspective of man instead of from God: <i>For with what judgment you judge, you will be judged; and with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you.</i> (<a onclick="return mV('Mat',7,2);">Mat 7:2</a>)</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "In these words we have revealed the principles of relationship between God and man. God is to man what man is to God." (Morgan)</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. David didn't only <i>sing</i> about this principle; he lived it and benefited from it. God showed David great mercy because he showed great mercy to others, like Saul (<a onclick="return mV('1Sa',24,'10-13');">1Sa 24:10-13</a>) and Shimei (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',16,'7-12');">2Sa 16:7-12</a>).</p>
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<p class="c5">iii. "Note that even the merciful need mercy; no amount of generosity to the poor, or forgiveness to enemies, can set us beyond the need of mercy." (Spurgeon)</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">With the devious You will show Yourself shrewd</span></b>: Translators have trouble with this sentence because it communicates a difficult concept. It's easy say that if a man is pure towards God then God will be pure to him. But you can't say that if a man is wicked towards God then God will be wicked towards him, because God can't do wickedness. </p>
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<p class="c5">i. "David expresses the second half of the parallel by a somewhat ambiguous word, the root meaning of which is 'twisted.' The verse actually says, 'To the twisted (or crooked) you will show yourself twisted (or crooked)'...The idea seems to be that if a person insists in going devious ways in his dealings with God, God will outwit him, as that man deserves." (Boice)</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">You will save the humble people; but Your eyes are on the haughty, that You may bring them down</span></b>: David proclaims his confidence in the principle repeated in <a onclick="return mV('Pro',3,34);">Pro 3:34</a>; <a onclick="return mV('Jam',4,6);">Jam 4:6</a>, and <a onclick="return mV('1Pe',5,5);">1Pe 5:5</a>:<i> God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble.</i></p>
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<p class="c5">i. There is something in true humility that prompts the grace and mercy of God and there is something in pride and haughtiness that prompts his resistance and displeasure.</p>
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<p class="c5">ii. Humility isn't necessarily a <i>low</i> opinion of self; it is a combination of <i>accurate</i> opinion of self and simple self-forgetfulness. Humility is <i>others</i> centered not <i>self</i> centered.</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> shall enlighten my darkness</span></b>: When God met David's need He first brought <i>light</i>. Great strength and skill don't help much at all if we can't <i>see</i> in the midst of the struggle.</p>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">By You I can run against a troop; by my God I can leap over a wall</span></b>: When God met David's need He brought <i>strength</i>. One man should not be able to battle <b><span class="c3">a troop</span></b>, nor should he be able to <b><span class="c3">leap over a wall</span></b> protecting a city.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. David knew the principle of <a onclick="return mV('Eph',6,10);">Eph 6:10</a> long before Paul penned the words: <i>Be strong in the Lord and in the power of His might.</i> God has a resource of power (<i>His might</i>) that He makes available to us by faith. We don't have to be strong in <i>our</i> might, but we can be strong in <i>His might</i>.</p>
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<p class="c1">2. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'31-46');">31-46</a>) David's deliverance comes from God.</p>
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<p class="c2"><i>As for </i>God, His way <i>is </i>perfect; <br>The word of the <span class="c6">Lord</span> <i>is </i>proven; <br>He <i>is </i>a shield to all who trust in Him.<br>For who <i>is </i>God, except the <span class="c6">Lord</span>? <br>And who <i>is </i>a rock, except our God?<br>God <i>is </i>my strength <i>and </i>power, <br>And He makes my way perfect.<br>He makes my feet like the <i>feet </i>of deer, <br>And sets me on my high places.<br>He teaches my hands to make war, <br>So that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.<br>You have also given me the shield of Your salvation; <br>Your gentleness has made me great.<br>You enlarged my path under me; <br>So my feet did not slip.<br>I have pursued my enemies and destroyed them; <br>Neither did I turn back again till they were destroyed.<br>And I have destroyed them and wounded them, <br>So that they could not rise; <br>They have fallen under my feet.<br>For You have armed me with strength for the battle; <br>You have subdued under me those who rose against me.<br>You have also given me the necks of my enemies, <br>So that I destroyed those who hated me.<br>They looked, but <i>there was </i>none to save; <br><i>Even </i>to the <span class="c6">Lord</span>, but He did not answer them.<br>Then I beat them as fine as the dust of the earth; <br>I trod them like dirt in the streets, <br><i>And </i>I spread them out.<br>You have also delivered me from the strivings of my people; <br>You have kept me as the head of the nations. <br>A people I have not known shall serve me.<br>The foreigners submit to me; <br>As soon as they hear, they obey me.<br>The foreigners fade away, <br>And come frightened from their hideouts.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">He is a shield to all who trust in Him</span></b>: When God met David's need He brought <i>protection</i>. David could see with light and stand in God's strength, but he still needed supernatural protection. David's <b><span class="c3">trust</span></b> was the vital link in receiving this protection from God.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">He makes my feet like the feet of deer, and sets me on my high places</span></b>: David thought of how the <b><span class="c3">deer</span></b> seem to skip from place to place and never lose their footing. God gave him the same kind of skill in working through the challenges brought by his enemies.</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3">So that my arms can bend a bow of bronze</span></b>: David thought of the strength needed to bend a bow made <b><span class="c3">of bronze</span></b>. God gave him the same kind of strength to overcome the challenges brought by his enemies.</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">Your gentleness has made me great</span></b>: For David, it wasn't only about skill and power. It was also about receiving God's mercy and enjoying relationship with the God of great <b><span class="c3">gentleness</span></b>. This also was a resource of strength for David.</p>
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<p class="c5">i. "We might brave the lion; we are vanquished by the Lamb. We could withstand the scathing look of scorn; but when the gentle Lord casts on us the look of ineffable tenderness, we go out to weep bitterly." (Meyer)</p>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">I have pursued my enemies and destroyed them</span></b>: David relishes the place of <i>victory</i> he has in the <span class="c6">Lord</span>. He isn't hesitant to proclaim it, either out of false humility or out of uncertainty of possessing the victory. He knows that enemies may rise again, but he looks back at the field of battle and says, "<b><span class="c3">They have fallen under my feet</span></b>, and when they were under my feet <b><span class="c3">I trod them like dirt in the streets</span></b>."</p>
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<p class="c4">f. <b><span class="c3">You have also delivered me from the strivings of my people</span></b>: David didn't only have to battle with problems from enemies, but also with <b><span class="c3">the strivings</span></b> of his own <b><span class="c3">people</span></b>. In the midst of the battle he had to endure the contention of his own people, but God sustained him through that also.</p>
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<p class="c4">g. <b><span class="c3">You have kept me as the head of the nations</span></b>: David knew that the throne belonged to God. David knew, "The throne is not mine. Not to have, not to take, not to protect, and not to keep. The throne is the <span class="c6">Lord's</span>." Therefore when David <i>had</i> the throne, he knew it was <i>God</i> who gave it to him.</p>
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<p class="c1">8. (<a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,'47-51');">47-51</a>) David praises the God of his deliverance.</p>
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<p class="c2">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> lives! <br>Blessed <i>be </i>my Rock! <br>Let God be exalted, <br>The Rock of my salvation!<br><i>It is </i>God who avenges me, <br>And subdues the peoples under me;<br>He delivers me from my enemies. <br>You also lift me up above those who rise against me; <br>You have delivered me from the violent man.<br>Therefore I will give thanks to You, <br>O <span class="c6">Lord</span>, among the Gentiles, <br>And sing praises to Your name.<br><i>He is </i>the tower of salvation to His king, <br>And shows mercy to His anointed, <br>To David and his descendants forevermore.</p>
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<p class="c4">a. <b><span class="c3">The <span class="c6">Lord</span> lives! Blessed be my Rock!</span></b> David thinks of the great victory of God on his behalf and can only worship.</p>
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<p class="c4">b. <b><span class="c3">It is God who avenges me, and subdues the peoples under me</span></b>: David emphasizes the thought, "This is the <span class="c6">Lord</span>'s victory. He has won it for me. The glory goes to Him."</p>
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<p class="c4">c. <b><span class="c3"><span> </span>He delivers me from my enemies. You also lift me up</span></b>: We see in this psalm that David constantly moves back and forth from speaking <i>about</i> God (<b><span class="c3">He delivers me</span></b>) to speaking directly <i>to</i> God (<b><span class="c3">You also lift me up</span></b>). David doesn't seem to have a problem moving between the two aspects, indicating that there is place for both in praise.</p>
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<p class="c4">d. <b><span class="c3">And sing praises to Your name</span></b>: "To be saved singing is to be saved indeed. Many are saved mourning and doubting; but David had such faith that he could fight singing, and with the battle with a song still on his lips." (Spurgeon)</p>
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<p class="c5">i. Paul quotes <a onclick="return mV('2Sa',22,50);">2Sa 22:50</a> (<a onclick="return mV('Psa',18,49);">Psa 18:49</a>) in <a onclick="return mV('Rom',15,9);">Rom 15:9</a>.</p>
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<p class="c4">e. <b><span class="c3">And shows mercy to His anointed</span></b>: David ends the psalm understanding his standing in <b><span class="c3">mercy</span></b>. Though earlier in the psalm he proclaimed his own righteousness, he comes back to the foundation of God's <b><span class="c3">mercy</span></b>. David's relationship with God was based on God's great <b><span class="c3">mercy</span></b>, not upon David's own righteousness.</p>
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